IC-NRLF 


DOCUMENTS 
DEPT. 


OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY 
OF 


DOCUMENTS 


REPORT 


TO   THB 


THIRTY-FIRST  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY 
OF  THE  COMMITTEE  ON 


Slate  Educational  institutions 


APPOINTED   BY  THE 

THIRTIETH  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY. 


DBS  MOINE8 
BERNARD  MTJBPHT,    BTATH  PHINTBB 

1906 


REPORT 


TO   THE 


THIRTY- FIRST  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY 
OF  THE  COMMITTEE  ON 


Educational  institutions 


APPOINTED   BY  THE 

THIRTIETH  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY. 


DES  MOINES 

BERNARD  MURPHY,    STATE  PRINTER 
1906 


OOOUMBBTS 


DOCUMENTS 

REPORT   OF  COMMITTEE. 


To  The  Thirty-First  General  Assembly: 

The  committee  appointed  by  the  joint  resolution  No.  7,  of  the 
Thirtieth  General  Assembly,  to  investigate  the  system  of  management 
and  affairs  of  the  state  educational  institutions  of  Iowa,  beg  leave 
to  report  as  follows: 

By  the  terms  of  said  resolution  the  committee  was  directed  to  in- 
quire into  the  entire  system  of  management  and  affairs  of  said  educa- 
tional institutions,  their  business  management  and  educational  policies 
and  to  make  the  Thirty-first  General  Assembly  a  detailed  report  of  its 
findings  and  conclusions,  supported  by  all  the  facts  and  supplemented 
by  a  comparison  and  examination  of  the  methods  elsewhere  employed. 

After  the  appointment  of  this  committee  as  provided  by  the  terms 
of  the  resolution,  it  organized  by  electing  Mr.  Whipple  chairman  and 
Mr.  Langan  secretary. 

The  committee  visited  each  of  the  educational  institutions  of  Iowa, 
the  universities  of  South  Dakota,  Minnesota  and  Wisconsin  and  the 
Northwestern  University  of  Evanston,  Illinois.,  At  Iowa  City  and 
at  Ames,  the  evidence  was  taken  by  stenographers  and  was  afterwards 
transcribed  and  a  copy  furnished  to  each  of  the  members  of  the  com' 
mittee.  At  Cedar  Palls  and  at  each  of  the  other  places  visited,  ques~ 
tions  were  submitted  to  be  answered  by  the  presidents  and  others  con- 
nected with  the  several  institutions.  A  copy  of  all  the  testimony  taken 
at  the  places  visited,  including  testimony  given  by  other  prominent 
educators  is  now  on  file  in  the  office  of  the  secretary  of  state. 

STATE  UNIVERSITY. 

The  State  University,  is  by  the  constitution,  permanently  located 
and  established  at  Iowa  City. 

Constitution,  Article  11,  section  8. 

Government — Board  of  Regents — Powers. — It  is  governed  by  a 
board  of  regents,  composed  of  the  governor,  the  superintendent  of 
public  instruction  and  one  member  from  each  congressional  district. 
It  has  power  to  appoint  a  president  and  the  requisite  number  of  pro- 
fessors and  tutors,  with  such  other  officers  as  it  may  deem  expedient, 
and  fix  the  compensation  to  be  paid  them,  including  that  of  the  secre- 
tary and  treasurer,  and  the  amount  to  be  paid  for  tuition.  The  secre- 
tary and  treasurer  are  elected  by  the  board,  which  has  power  to  re- 
move any  officer  or  employe  connected  with  the  University  when  in  its 
judgment  the  good  of  the  institution  so  requires.  The  board  is  author- 
ised to  sell  university  lands,  upon  such  terms  as  it  shall  prescribe,  at 


any  regular  meeting  or  one  called  for  that  purpose.  It  may  invest 
funds  in  manner  as  provided  by  section  2638  of  the  Code  and  i 
from  time  to  time  expend  of  the  income  of  the  university  fund  such 
portion  as  it  may  find  expedient  in  the  purchase  of  apparatus,  library 
and  a  cabinet  of  natural  history,  and  may  provide  suitable  means  to 
preserve  and  keep  the  same,  and  procure  other  necessary  facilities  for 
instruction. 

Code,  sections  2609,  2635,  2638,  2639. 

Compensation. — Regents  of  the  university  and  trustees  of  the  other 
educational  institutions  are  allowed  four  dollars  for  each  day  actually 
and  necessarily  engaged  in  the  performance  of  official  duties  not  ex- 
ceeding thirty  days  in  any  one  year,  and  mileage  at  the  rate  of  five 
cents  per  mile.  Claims  for  compensation  and  mileage  must  be  itemized, 
showing  the  date  of  such  service  and  the  nature  thereof  and  must  be 
certified  to  by  the  president  and  secretary  of  the  board.  They  must 
then  be  filed  with  the  auditor  of  state,  who  shall  compute  the  mileage 
due  each  claimant  by  the  nearest  travelled  route  from  his  home  to  the 
place  of  meeting,  and  shall  enter  such  mileage  upon  the  claim,  and,  if 
it  be  found  to  be  in  due  form  of  law,  the  auditor  shall  draw  his  war- 
rant upon  the  treasurer  of  state  for  the  amount  of  such  attendance  and 
mileage.  No  other  or  further  compensation  is  allowed  any  member  of 
the  board,  except,  that  the  limitation  of  thirty  days  does  not  apply  to 
the  building  committee,  which  shall  not  consist  of  more  than  three 
members.  The  compensation  of  the  members  of  such  committee  is 
limited  to  sixty  days  attendance  in  any  one  year. 

Code,  sections  12,  2617,  2618. 

Further  as  to  regents  and  trustees  of  the  state  educational  insti- 
tutions, see  chapter  twenty-one  of  the  Code. 

Meetings. — The  regular  meetings  are  held  in  January,  April,  June 
and  September  or  October  of  each  year.  The  governor  may  call  special 
meetings  when  found  expedient,  or  they  may  be  called  by  the  secretary 
of  the  board  upon  the  written  request  of  any  three  members  thereof. 

Code,  section  2635. 

Reports. — On  the  first  day  of  October  preceding  the  meeting  of  the 
general  assembly,  the  president  of  the  university  shall  make  a  report  to 
the  board  of  regents,  which  shall  exhibit  the  condition  and  progress  of 
the  institution,  the  different  courses  of  study  pursued,  the  branches 
taught,  the  means  and  methods  of  instruction  adopted,  the  number 
of  students,  their  names,  classes,  and  residences,  with  such  other  mat- 
ters as  he  may  regard  important.  The  board  of  regents,  on  the  fifteenth 
day  of  October  in  each  odd-numbered  year,  shall  make  report  to  the 
governor,  which  report  shall  show  the  number  of  professors,  tutors, 
and  other  officers,  the  compensation  of  each,  the  condition  of  the  uni- 
versity fund,  the  income  received  therefrom,  the  amount  of  expendi- 
tures with  the  items  thereof,  and  such  other  information  and  such 
recommendations  as  it  shall  regard  important. 

Code,  section  2641. 

Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Regents. — The  secretary  is  elected  by 
the  board  and  holds  his  office  at  its  pleasure.  Section  2636  of  the 


Code  provides  that  he  shall  keep  a  record  of  the  proceedings  of  the 
board-  also  of  the  university  lands  sold,  when  and  to  whom  sold,  the 
price  and  terms  of  sale,  the  portion  of  the  purchase  money  paid,  and 
date  thereof,  the  amount  due  on  each  sale,  from  whom,  how  secured, 
and  when  payable,  the  lands  remaining  unsold,  where  situated,  their 
appraised  value,  if  appraised,  if  not,  their  estimated  value,  the  per- 
manent fund  of  the  university  and  how  invested,  the  amount  of  each 
kind  of  bond,  if  any,  with  the  date  thereof  and  when  due,  the  interest 
thereon  and  when  and  where  payable,  the  amount  of  each  note,  if 
any,  when  made,  to  whom  payable,  how  secured,  the  rate  of  interest, 
and  when  and  where  payable.  All  conveyances  or  other  instruments, 
when  made,  shall  be  recorded  in  the  manner  above  set  forth,  and  he 
shall  countersign  and  register  all  orders  drawn  upon  the  treasurer, 
keeping  an  accurate  record  thereof.  He  shall  give  bond  in  such  sum 
as  the  board  may  require  for  the  faithful  discharge  of  his  duties,  with 
sureties  to  be  approved  by  and  filed  with  the  secretary  of  state. 

The  duties  of  the  secretary  are  further  defined  by  the  action  of  the 
board.  Most  of  the  supplies  are  purchased  through  him.  The  printing 
is  done  through  him.  He  receives  bids  for  most  of  the  pur- 
chases and  contracts  are  made  with  the  lowest  responsible 
bidder.  Bills  for  goods  purchased  are  filed  in  his  office. 
They  are  approved  by  the  party  who  received  them,  show- 
ing that  they  were  received,  and  the  person  that  has  ordered 
the  purchase  O.  K.'s  them  as  to  being  correct.  The  secretary  re-foots 
the  bills  in  his  office,  and  stamps  them  showing  the  re-footing.  The 
bills  are  then  presented  to  the  executive  committee  and  each  of  them 
are  gone  over  by  each  member  of  the  committee  and  the  finding  is 
endorsed  on  the  back  thereof.  It  is  also  the  practice  of  the  president  of 
the  university  and  secretary  of  the  board  to  run  over  the  bills  and  if 
for  any  reason  they  think  special  attention  should  be  called  to  any  bill, 
it  is  laid  aside  and  the  attention  of  the  executive  committee  is  called  to 
it. 

Accounts. — The  secretary  keeps  an  account  with  the  various  de- 
partments of  the  institution.  Each  department  is  credited  with  the 
amount  of  money  due  from  appropriations  made  as  fixed  and  deter- 
mined by  the  board  of  regents  at  its  meetings  in  June  of  each  year.  The 
account  is  charged  from  time  to  time  with  the  amounts  paid  out  for 
salaries  and  expenses.  Balances  are  made  every  thirty  days  and  right 
after  the  allowance  and  approval  of  bills  by  the  executive  committee. 
The  balance  book  as  kept  by  the  secretary  shows  the  exact  condition  of 
any  department  fund,  at  any  time.  Every  warrant  issued  is  receipted 
for  by  the  party  receiving  it. 

University  Funds.— The  university  has  eighteen  different  funds. 
They  are: 

1.  Income  fund. 

2.  Building  tax  fund. 

3.  Special  land  fund. 

4.  Medical  building  fund. 

5.  The  Carr  scholarship  fund.  -;•:-;- 


6.  The   Bryan   prize   fund. 

7.  The  Lowden  prize  fund. 

8.  The  repair  and  contingent  fund. 

9.  The  donated  land  fund. 

10.  Law  Loan  and  Book  Account. 

11.  Gymnasium  and  armory  fund. 

12.  Natural   science  building  fund. 

13.  Equipment  and  supply  fund. 

14.  New  medical  buildings. 

15.  Paving  and  sidewalk  fund. 

16.  Tunnel  and  extension  fund. 

17.  Engineering  building  fund. 

18.  Dam  and  water  power  fund. 

Separate  vouchers  are  drawn  on  the  separate  funds. 

Income  Fund.— iThe  largest  is  the  income  fund.  From  this  fund  is 
paid  the  salaries  and  expenses  of  all  the  colleges.  Last  year  (1904- 
1905)  the  income  for  the  support  of  the  University  from  all  sources, 
outside  of  what  was  expended  for  buildings,  but  counting  repair  and 
special  appropriations  for  library  and  things  of  that  kind  was  in  the 
neighborhood  of  $270,000.00.  (Judge  Babb,  Transcript,  page  3.) 

"The  amount  of  money  that  goes  into  the  salaries  is  about  65  per 
cent  of  our  total  income  fund;  the  amount  of  money  that  goes  into 
fixed  charges  is  16  per  cent.  The  rest  represents  library  and  depart- 
mental supplies."  (McChesney,  Transcript,  page  64.) 

The  board  before  making  its  appropriations  for  the  year  makes  an 
estimate  as  to  the  income.  "We  estimate  what  our  income  will  be  for 
the  entire  year. 

We  receive  in  the  support  fund  from  the  state $185,000 

We  receive  for  repair  and  contingent  fund 7,500 

(These  items  are  annual.) 
We  receive  from  a  special  appropriation  for  the  library.  .  10,000 

Tuitions,  matriculation  and  diploma  fees 50.000 

Interest  on  permanent   fund    11,750 

Breakage  deposits    250 

Dental  clinic   fees 5,000 

Rents  and  miscellaneous  items    500 


$270,500 

This  is  an  approximate  statement  of  our  income   for  the   present 
year,  1904-1905."      (McChesney,  Transcript,  66-67.) 

Following  is  a  statement  of  the  total  income  of  the  University  from 
all  sources  and  for  all  purposes  as  furnished  by  Secretary  McChesney, 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1904: 
From  State  Appropriations: 

Code,    1897,   Sec.    2643,   support $    65,500.00 

27th  G.  A.,  Ch.  142,  Sect.  1,  support 10.000.00 

28th  G.  A.,  Ch.  152,  Sect.   2,  support 50,000.00 

29th  G.  A.,  Ch.  183,  Sect.  2,  support 35,000.00 

29th  G.  A.,  Ch.  183,  Sect.  2,  special  fund 27,000.00 


29th  G.  A.,  Ch.  171,  Sect.  2,  1-5  mill,  building  tax 96,000.00 

29th  G.  A.,  Ch.  183,  Sect.  2,  repair  and  contingent 5,000.00 

29th   G.    A.,    Ch.    183,    Sect.    2,    equipment,     new     medical 

building    35,000  .  00 

$323,500.00 
Productive  Funds: 

Building  fund,  material  sold    $       80.64 

Special   land   fund, material   sold    798.03 

Donated  land  fund,  rents,  etc 539.85 

A.  Whitney  Carr  free  scholarship  income  fund 2,470.39 

F.  O.  Lowden,  oratory  prize  income  fund 175 . 00 

W.  J.  Bryan  prize  income  fund 3.62 


$4,067.53 
From  Miscellaneous  Sources: 

Tuitions    $50,836  .  75 

Diploma   fees    890  .  00 

University  hospital  receipts 14,683 . 85 

Homeopathic  hospital  receipts 5,365  .  30 

Law  loan  book  account 355  .  00 

Rents    274.09 

Laboratory  deposits,  net 287.58 

Miscellaneous   cash    .  695.74 


$91,369.65 

The  total  cash  receipts  for  1903-1904,  as  itemized  above  amount 
to  $418,937.18. 

Q.  How  will  that  compare  with  your  receipts  for  the  following 
biennial  period? 

A.  I  would  say  that  there  will  be  a  little  increase.  For  instance, 
the  last  general  assembly  gave  us  $25,000  annual  support  fund.  That 
is  permanent.  And  they  gave  us  $7,500  repair  and  contingent  fund, 
in  place  of  $5,000  before."  (Transcript.  66-69.) 

A.  Whitney  Carr  Fund. — A.  Whitney  Carr  is  a  resident  of  Jordan, 
New  York.  He  is  without  heirs.  He  gave  $50,000  to  the  University, 
to  help  deserving  poor  students,  making  the  conditions.  The  gift  was 
accepted  by  the  board  of  regents  and  the  executive  council  on  behalf 
of  the  state,  under  provisions  made  in  the  Code.  (Transcript,  67-68.) 

Interest  on  Permanent  Funds. — The  item  of  ''interest  on  perman- 
ent funds"  referred  to  in  the  foregoing  statement,  is  the  interest  on  a 
fund  obtained  by  the  sale  of  land  granted  to  the  University.  The  fund 
amounts  to  $235,000  in  round  numbers. 

Rent. — We  have,  in  round  numbers,  about  2,700  acres  of  land  that 
is  not  sold,  that  explains  the  item  of  rent.  Most  of  that  is  timber  land, 
but  we  have  some  pieces  that  we  receive  rentals  from.  There  is  a 
40-acre  piece  west  of  town  in  Johnson  county.  We  receive  $60  a  year 
rent  from  that.  (Transcript,  69.) 

Permanent  Endowment  Fund. — This  fund  has  been  created  by  the 
sale  of  University  lands  and  in  round  numbers  amounts  to  $235,000. 


In  making  sales  of  lands  the  board  of  regents  is  governed  by  the 
law  as  found  in  section  2638  of  the  Code  and  which  is  as  follows: 

"No  sale  of  University  lands  shall  be  made,  save  upon  the  order 
of  the  board  of  regents,  made  at  a  regular  meeting  or  one  called  for 
that  purpose,  and  then  in  such  manner  and  upon  such  terms  as  the 
board  shall  prescribe.  No  member  of  the  board  shall  be  directly  or 
indirectly  interested  in  the  purchase  of  any  of  the  lands,  nor  shall 
the  secretary  or  treasurer  or  other  officer  of  the  institution.  Any  por- 
tion of  the  permanent  endowment  fund  not  otherwise  invested,  and 
any  surplus  income  not  immediately  required  for  other  purposes,  may 
be  invested  by  the  treasurer,  upon  the  order  or  direction  of  the  board, 
in  bonds  of  the  United  States  or  this  state,  or  by  note  and  mortgage 
on  unincumbered  real  estate  worth  double  the  amount  of  the  sum 
loaned  after  deducting  the  value  of  perishable  improvements  thereon, 
and  hold  the  same  either  as  a  permanent  fund  or  as  an  income  to  de- 
fray current  expenses,  as  said  board  may  direct,  but  in  no  event  shall 
any  part  of  the  permanent  fund  be  used  to  defray  the  ordinary  expenses 
of  the  institution." 

This  money  is  loaned  at  from  5  to  6  per  cent. 

Same— Treasurer. — The  treasurer,  Lovel  Swisher,  has  charge  of 
this  fund  and  the  A.  Whitney  Carr  fund  of  $50,000.  He  cashes  all 
warrants.  He  rents  all  University  lands.  He  passes  upon  abstracts 
and  securities.  He  has  given  a  personal  bond  in  the  amount  of  $150,- 
000  and  receives  a  salary  of  $800  a  year.  His  salary  was  $1,400  but 
has  been  reduced  to  $800  within  a  year.  The  auditing  committee  makes 
examination  of  all  the  acts  of  the  treasurer,  his  accounts,  mortgages 
and  abstracts.  Judge  Babb,  says,  that  the  loans  are  "gilt  edged."  "I 
have  had  occasion  to  examine  several  times  in  years  gone  by,  and  three 
months  after  the  first  of  January  every  cent  of  interest  had  been  paid 
up.  We  are  a  little  more  fortunate  than  a  private  individual.  Our 
loans  never  outlaw.  The  statute  of  limitations  does  not  run  against 
the  state,  so  that  our  loans  once  made  continue  as  long  as  the  party 
pays  the  interest  promptly  and  it  is  well  secured."  (Transcript,  3,  12, 
81.) 

Executive  Committee. — Section  2642  of  the  Code  provides,  that  the 
board  of  regents  shall  appoint  an  executive  committee,  consisting  of 
three  of  its  members,  which  shall  select  one  of  its  members  as  chair- 
man, which  committee  shall 

First — Audit  all  claims  against  the  University, 

Second — The  chairman  shall  draw  all  orders  upon  the  treasurer 
for  all  claims  allowed,  which  orders,  being  countersigned  by  the  secre- 
tary of  the  University  shall  be  paid,  and 

Third — A  record  of  all  matters  involving  the  expenditure  of  money 
shall  be  kept  by  the  secretary  of  the  University,  as  secretary  of  the 
committee,  and  be  submitted  to  the  board  of  regents  at  each  of  its 
regular  sessions. 

Auditing  of  Bills. — All  bills  against  the  University  have  to  be 
audited  by  the  executive  committee  before  they  can  be  paid,  and  these 
bills  are  required  to  be  filed  with  the  secretary  by  the  15th  of  the 


month.  The  meetings  of  the  committee  are  usually  held  from  the  18th 
to  the  25th  of  the  month.     (Transcript,  5.) 

Disbursements. — The  executive  committee  looks  after  the  disburse- 
ments made  from  the  appropriations  allowed  by  the  board  to  the  sev- 
eral departments.  The  professors  make  a  statement  to  the  committee 
of  what  they  want  to  purchase  out  of  their  appropriations  and  pur- 
chases are  authorized  by  the  committee.  "Sometimes  there  are  some 
technical  matters  connected  with  the  department,  for  laboratory  sup- 
plies, that  the  professor  can  order  and  purchase  much  better  than  the 
secretary  of  the  board,  but  practically  all  the  purchases  are  made 
through  the  secretary  of  the  Board."  (Judge  Babb.  Transcript,  6.) 

Other  Duties. — "There  are  a  great  many  other  questions  that  come 
before  the  board  and  the  executive  committee  besides  the  bills  and  the 
disbursements  of  money.  Different  kinds  of  questions  will  come  up, 
and  they  will  be  discussed  by  the  board,  and  perhaps  be  referred  to  the 
executive  committee,  some  details  of  them,  or  the  board  will  adopt 
some  general  plan  and  the  executive  committee  simply  carry  it  out.  In 
•other  words,  the  executive  committee  rarely  initiates  anything.  If 
anything  comes  up  that  has  not  been  planned  by  the  board  in  the  in- 
terim of  the  board,  the  executive  committee  simply  refer  that  to  the 
full  board.  If  it  is  a  matter  which  the  board  has  acted  on  and  we  are ' 
to  carry  it  out,  of  course  we  carry  that  out,  and  act  on  those  matters 
that  are  incident  to  it."  (Judge  Babb,  Transcript,  8.) 

Building  Committee. — The  committee  on  buildings  and  grounds 
consists  of  Regents  Babb,  Holbrook,  Abernathy  and  Wright. 

Erection  of  Buildings. — "The  manner  of  erecting  buildings  is  this: 
"Of  course,  if  tliey  are  built  out  of  a  special  appropriation,  the  first 
thing  is  to  get  the  appropriation,  but  if  they  are  built  out  of  the  gen- 
eral building  tax  which  the  legislature  has  given  to  the  University,  the 
board  of  regents  determine  what  building  shall  be  erected,  then  where 
located.  They  then  employ  architects  to  get  up  the  plan  of  the  build- 
ing. Then  after  the  plans  and  specifications  are  prepared,  they  ad- 
vertise for  bids,  and  the  work  is  always  let  to  the  lowest  bidder.  *  * 
*  Now  when  the  contract  is  let  for  the  superstructure,  the  superin- 
tendent of  buildings  and  grounds,  Mr.  Ellsworth,  superintends  the  con- 
struction. *  *  *  When  this  work  is  let,  it  Is  turned  over  to  the 
building  committee.  The  building  committee  meet  once  a  month  as 
a  rule,  *  *  *  Sometimes  we  come  oftener  than  once  a  month,  but 
usually  Ellsworth  can  manage  anything  that  is  here.  He  corresponds 
Tvith  me  about  how  things  are  going."  (Judge  Babb.  Transcript,  22, 
23.) 

Same — Superintendent  of  Buildings  and  Grounds. — The  superin- 
tendent of  buildings  and  grounds,  Mr.  G.  H.  Ellsworth,  is  a  mechanic 
and  civil  engineer  and  receives  a  salary  of  $1,800  a  year.  For  some 
years  prior  to  his  employment  at  the  University,  he  was  employed  in 
such  capacity  at  the  University  of  Nebraska.  He  superintends  the  erec- 
tion of  the  new  buildings,  looks  after  the  repairs  of  the  old  buildings, 
the  building  of  walks,  and  such  things.  He  has  been  in  charge  of  this 
work  for  about  three  years.  He  drew  the  plans  for  the  armory  build- 


ing  and  superintended  the  construction  of  it.  He  is  also  the  head  jani- 
tor and  has  charge  of  the  force  of  firemen  and  engineers.  He  takes 
the  initiative  in  the  matter  of  employing  help.  He  confers  with  the 
president  and  they  make  recommendations  to  the  board,  which  acts 
through  the  executive  committee.  The  salaries  to  be  paid  are  fixed  and 
determined  by  the  board.  Janitors  are  paid  $45  to  $50  a  month.  In 
some  of  the  buildings  students  are  employed  and  are  paid  15  cents  an 
hour.  Students  performing  labor  register  on  the  time  clock,  showing 
the  time  when  they  go  on  duty  and  the  time  when  they  leave.  (Tran- 
script, 22,  23,  26.  86,  88.) 

Hall  of  Liberal  Arts. — "It  was  let  to  two  different  contractors.  The 
foundation  was  let  to  one  and  the  superstructure  to  another,  in  sepa- 
rate contracts.  We  will  never  do  that  again,  because  it  makes  a  great 
deal  of  trouble.  They  quarreled  as  to  where  the  foundation  ended 
and  the  building  commenced.  Since  that  we  have  let  everything  to  one 
contractor.  The  contractor  furnished  all  the  material."  (Judge  Babb, 
Transcript,  22.) 

"We  let  the  contract  for  the  liberal  arts  building  before  the  rise  in 
the  price  of  steel  and  building  material,  which  made  a  big  difference. 
That  is  the  reason  the  contractor  went  to  pieces  on  it.  He  could  prob- 
ably have  gone  through  with  it  if  prices  had  remained  stationary,  or  if 
he  had  gotten  all  his  material  placed  before  the  material  went  up;  but 
he  did  not,  and  some  of  his  sub-contractors  went  back  on  him  and  he 
could  not  carry  it  through.  The  real  cost  of  that  building,  not  what 
the  University  paid,  but  what  the  contractor  expended,  completed  as 
it  stands  today,  would  be  $225,000,  while  we  got  it  at  $200,000,  count- 
ing the  heating  and  all."  (Judge  Babb,  Transcript,  35-36.) 

Science  Building. — Quoting  from  the  record  of  the  board  of  regents, 
June  13,  1904,  page  128,  the  "Bids  for  the  museum  and  science  build- 
ing were  opened  and  found  to  be  as  follows: 

Henry  W.  Schlueter,  Chicago. 
For  the  south  wing  and  central  portion — 

With  Columbian  fire  proofing  system $174,000 

With    Roebling   fire    proofing   system 171, 000* 

With  semi-porus  tile  fire  proofing  system 178,500 

Addition  for  Adamant  plaster,  material   to    be    mixed     at 

factory    1,600 

For  the   north  wing — 

With  Columbian  fire  proofing  system 68,000 

With  Roebling  fire  proofing  system 67,550' 

With  semi-porus  tile  fire  proofing  system 70,500 

Additional  for  Adamant  wall  plaster  as  above 500 

There  were  several  bids,  and  they  appear  in  full  in  that  form  on 
the  records.  James  Rowson  and  Son  had  completed  the  liberal  arts 
building  after  the  original  contractors  failed.  They  also  built  the  new- 
medical  building,  and  were  the  lowest  bidders  for  this  science  build- 
ing as  well  as  for  the  gymnasium. 

Quoting  from  the  record: 

10 


"Moved  by  Regent  Wright  that  the  bid  of  James  Rowson  and  Son 
for  the  central  portion  and  south  wing  be  accepted,  and  that  the  mat- 
ter of  the  contract  be  referred  to  the  building  committee,  said  com- 
mittee to  determine  at  the  time  the  contract  is  made  whether  or  not 
they  shall  use  the  Columbian  system  of  fire  proofing,  the  Mclntosh  orna- 
mental iron,  and  Adamant  plaster,  and  that  the  committee  be  author- 
ized  also,  if  possible,  to  take  an  option,  to  expire  not  later  than  July 
1,  1905,  for  the  construction  of  the  north  wing  under  the  bid  made 
by  James  Rowson  &  Son  at  this  time.  Adopted."  The  building  com- 
mittee made  a  contract  with  Rowson  &  Son  for  the  central  portion  and 
south  wing,  and  secured  from  them  an  option  on  the  north  wing.  Then, 
later  on.  it  was  determined  to  move  the  science  building,  and  we  ac- 
cepted the  option  on  the  north  wing,  and  made  contract  to  cover  the- 
entire  building.  (Judge  Babb,  Transcript,  24-25.) 

The  following  is  a  complete  statement  of  the  bids  for  the  science 
building,  as  taken  from  the  printed  record  of  the  board,  of  date  June 
13,  1904,  as  made  by  Henry  W.  Schleuter  of  Chicago,  J.  C.  Robinson  of 
Chicago,  E.  W.  Nichols  &  Company  of  Des  Moines,  O.  H.  Olsen  of 
Stillwater.  Minnesota,  Tri-City  Construction  Company  of  Davenport, 
James  Rowson  &  Son  of  Iowa  City,  Butler  Brothers  of  St.  Paul,  Min- 
nesota, and  Marcus  M.  Hall  of  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa. 
For  the  south  wing  and  central  portion — 

Schleuter          with  Columbian   fire   proofing  system $174,000 

Robinson  "      204,93fr 

Nichols    &   Co.    "  "  "  "  " 214,700 

Olsen  "  "  "  "  "      196,711 

Tri-City  Co.  "      187,000 

Rowson  &  Son  "  "  "  "  "      166,000 

Butler   Bros        "  "  "  "  "      200,000- 

Hall  "  "  "  "  "      207,999 

Schleuter  with   Roebling   fire    proofing   system 171.800 

Robinson  "  "  "  "  "      204,4.36- 

Olsen  "  "  "  "       .       "      196.711 

Tri-City  Co.  "  "      185,400 

Rowson  &  Son     "  "  "  "      164,80fr 

Butler  Bros.  "  "  "  "      198,000 

Hall  "  "  "  "      207, 15» 

Schleuter  with  semi-porous  tile  fire  proofing  system 178,500- 

Robinson,  with  semi-porous  tile  fire  proofing  system 203,936 

Olsen,  with  the  trussed  Concrete  Steel   Company's  system...    196,711 
Tri-City  Co.,   with  the  St.   Louis  Expanded   Metal   Company's 

system     185,050* 

Rowson  &  Son,  with  the  St.  Louis  Expanded  Metal  Company's 

system    ,    167,735 

Rowson   &   Son,   with   the   trussed    Concrete   Steel   Company's 

system    178,000* 

Butler  Bros.,  with  semi-porous  tile  fire  proofing  system 209,000 

Hall,  with  semi-porous  tile  fire  proofing  system 209.02? 

Schleuter,          additional  for  Adamant  plaster 1.600* 

ll 


Robinson                    "  i'000 
Nichols  &  Co., 

•Olsen  i'600 

Tri-City  Co.,  i'800 
Rowson  &  Son 

Butler  Bros.,            "                                                  MOO 

Hall                             "              "  925 
For  the  north  wing — 

Schlueter,          with  Columbian  fire  proofing  system 68,000 

Robinson,            "                 "                                                  80,573 

Nichols  &  Son,  "                                                                    89.400 

Olsen                    "                                                                    83,000 

Tri-City    Co.,      "                                                                    77,000 

Rowson  &  Son  "                                                                    66,300 

Butler  Bros        "                                                                    85,000 

Hall,                      "                                                                    85,382 

Schleuter,          with    Roebling    fire    proofing    system 67,550 

Robinson,                                                                           "      80,573 

Olsen,                   "                                                                    82.550 

Tri-City  Co.,       "                 "                                          "      76,350 

Rowson  &  Son,"                                                                    66,089 

Butler  Bros.,     "                 "                                         "      85,000 

Hall,                                                                                           85,075 

Schlueter,  with  semi-porous  tile  fire  proofing  system 70,500 

Robinson,  with  semi-porous  tile  fire  proofing  system 79,673 

Olsen,  with  trussed  concrete  steel  company's  system 83,000 

Tri-City    Co.,    with    St.    Louis     Expanded     Metal     Company's 

system    76,340 

Rowson    &   Son,   with   St.    Louis   Expanded    Metal   Company's 

system    66,58*6 

Rowson   &   Son,   with      trussed      concrete      Steel      Company's 

system 70,731 

Butler  Bros,  with  semi-porous  tile  fire  proofing  system 88,000 

Hall,  with  semi-porous  tile  fire  proofing  system   88,345 

Schleuter,          additional  for  Adamant  wall  plaster 500 

Robinson,                   "             "            "             "            "      500 

Nichols  &  Son,          "             "            "            "            "      450 

Olsen,                           "           "             "            "            "      900 

Tri-City  Co.,              "                          "            "            "      800 

Rowson   &   Son        "             "             "            "             "      500 

Butler  Bros.,             "            "             "            "            "      300 

Hall.                            "             "            "            "            "      475 

Acceptance  of  Bids. — "We  have  the  architect  make  an  estimate  be- 
fore we  adopt  the  plan.     We  have  Mr.  Ellsworth  make  an  estimate  of 

what  that  building  is  going  to  cost  before  we  adopt  the  plans  or  call 
for  bids  and  then  we  have  the  bids  and  their  estimates,  and  we  have 
past  experience.  Now,  for  instance,  putting  up  this  science  building, 
if  you  followed  the  figures  closely,  you  will  see  that  the  building  is  go- 
ing to  cost  more  than  the  Hall  of  Liberal  Arts,  although  it  is  the  same 

12 


sized  building,  a  building  of  the  same  material  practically.  But  we 
let  the  contract  for  the  liberal  arts  building  before  the  rise  in  the 
price  of  steel  and  building  material."  (Babb.  Transcript,  35.) 

Q.  The  contractor,  in  following  specifications,  I  suppose  has  some 
range  in  the  selection  of  materials? 

Mr.  Ellsworth.  In  cement  of  course,  he  has  to  conform  to  the  speci- 
fications. We  do  not  specify  the  brand,  but  require  certain  tests,  in 
brick  similarly,  certain  things  we  have  to  specify  so  that  he  has  na 
choice.  If  we  specify  Blue  Medford  stone  or  a  certain  kind  of  marble, 
he  has  to  bid  on  that  material.  We  incorporate  in  all  our  specifica- 
tions practically  the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineer's  specifica- 
tions for  testing  cement,  and  test  on  that  basis. 

In  the  matter  of  hardware,  my  practice  has  been  to  exclude  hard- 
ware from  the  general  contract  and  to  let  that  by  the  board  on  com- 
petitive bids.  It  is  pretty  difficult  to  put  into  a  contract  specifications- 
in  hardware,  specifications  that  will  allow  any  competition.  On  the 
natural  science  building  we  mentioned  the  kind  of  hardware,  that 
would  be  furnished  by  the  University,  and  was  to  be  put  on  by  the- 
contractor.  We  have  not  taken  any  steps  yet  to  let  the  hardware  con- 
tract. Before  we  do  we  will  have  competitive  bids,  with  samples  ex- 
hibited. It  is  more  satisfactory.  It  gets  real  competition. 

About  the  same  thing  applies  to  the  plumbing  fixtures,  perhaps  in 
a  more  marked  degree.  All  of  those  things  we  handle  in  the  same  way. 
We  furnish  plumbing  fixtures  ourselves,  and  buy  them  on  competitive 
bids,  and  the  same  is  true  on  electric  lighting  fixtures.  There  are- 
other  advantages  in  it.  You  know,  when  the  general  specifications  are 
made  they  are  generally  made  in  a  hurry;  at  the  earliest  stages  things 
are  not  worked  out,  developed.  A  lot  of  things,  if  specified  then,  will 
not  be  what  we  find  we  want  when  we  get  nearer  to  the  completion  of 
the  work.  (Transcript,  37-38.) 

.  .  .Acceptance  of  Buildings. — "When  the  building  comes  to  completion, 
before  the  final  payment,  *  *  *  there  is  a  special  inspection  by  the- 
architect,  superintendent  of  grounds  and  buildings,  building  commit- 
tee, the  secretary  of  the  board,  and  me.  The  full  board  comes  up  and 
they  make  a  tour  of  inspection  and  formally  accept  the  building,  mak- 
ing sometimes  allowances,  saying  that  here  this  is  accepted  as  the- 
equivalent  for  that,  and  they  make  final  adjustments  and  settlement." 
(President  MacLean,  Transcript,  63.) 

Coal — Storage  of. — Contracts  for  coal,  for  year  ending  September, 
1905,  were  awarded  to  the  E.  E.  Pinney  Company  of  Cedar  Rapids, 
and  to  J.  B.  Frahm  Company  of  Davenport. 

The  E.  E.  Pinney  Co. — 

Oskaloosa,  Iowa,  mine  run $2.61 

Oskaloosa,    Iowa,    fancy    sjteam 1.85 

Oskaloosa,  Iowa,  lump  for  storage 2.80 

The  J.  B.  Frahm  Co. — 

Springfield,   Ills.,   district,  mine  run.  .  .  .$2.80 

We  have  storage  for  1,000  tons.  Our  coal  bill  in  a  year  will  run? 
from  $11,000  to  $15,000.  (Transcript,  27-29.) 

18 


Supplies. In  addition  to  what  has  already  been  said  on  this  sub- 
ject, it  appears  that  the  board  of  regents  requires  that  the  head  of  a 
department,  at  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year,  in  June,  shall  turn  in  to  the 
secretary's  office  a  list  of  all  material  he  has  in  his  department.  Ac- 
cording to  the  rule  of  the  regents,  no  man  can  draw  his  last  month's 
salary  until  his  inventory  of  University  property  is  filed.  The  office 
supplies  are  kept  in  the  secretary's  office.  Janitor  and  other  supplies 
are  kept  in  a  store  room  in  the  basement  of  the  old  capitol  building. 
All  provisions  for  the  University  Hospital  are  purchased  of  wholesale 
grocers.  (Transcript,  73-74.) 

Appropriations  to  Departments. — In  the  early  part  of  each  year,  the 
heads  of  the  departments  are  called  on  by  the  president  of  the  Uni- 
versity to  make  estimates  of  what  they  need  for  the  different  chairs  and 
departments  for  the  next  year,  and  these  reports  of  the  different  chairs 
and  departments  go  into  the  hands  of  the  deans  of  the  respective  col- 
leges. The  deans  and  the  president  go  over  these  reports.  These  re- 
quests sometimes  double  the  amount  which  can  be  appropriated  for  the 
different  chairs.  They  are  gone  over,  scaled  down  by  the  deans  and 
the  president,  tabulated,  and  are  then  presented  at  the  April  meeting 
of  the  board.  The  president  at  the  same  time  makes  a  written  report 
to  the  board,  showing  what  the  outlay  has  been  in  each  of  the  depart- 
ments, and  for  what,  during  the  past  year,  also  what  has  been  asked 
and  what  is  recommended  by  him.  The  amount  recommended  gener- 
ally exceeds  the  amount  the  board  has  to  appropriate.  The  board  then 
makes  allowances,  having  in  mind  the  available  fund  to  be  approp- 
riated. (Transcript,  2-3.) 

Good  System  of  Keeping  Check  on  the  Officers. — Judge  Babb:  We 
have  as  we  think  a  very  good  system  of  keeping  check  on  the  officers. 
It  is  easy  enough  to  keep  check  on  officers  paying  out  money,  because 
they  cannot  pay  anything  out  except  on  an  order  authorized  by  the  ex- 
ecutive committee  of  the  board,  and  they  have  got  to  have  the  order 
signed  by  the  chairman  of  the  executive  committee  and  the  secretary 
•of  the  board  as  a  voucher  for  every  cent  they  pay  out. 

It  is  easy  enough  to  keep  check  on  what  is  received  from  the  state 
treasurer,  because  that  is  fixed  by  law,  and  the  amount  per  quarter  is 
fixed,  and  requisitions  have  to  be  made  on  the  state  treasurer  for  every 
cent  of  money  that  is  drawn  from  the  state  treasury,  and  those  requisi- 
tions must  check  up  with  the  treasurer's  accounts  as  to  what  he  re- 
ceives from  the  state  treasurer. 

It  is  easy  enough  to  check  up  the  income  from  the  endowment 
fund,  the  interest  is  paid  up;  the  endowments  on  the  notes  and  books 
show  the  payment  of  interest. 

The  difficult  thing  was  for  some  time  to  devise  an  efficient  method 
of  keeping  check  on  the  tuitions  as  paid  in.  They  are  now,  this  year, 
paid  in  to  the  secretary  instead  of  the  treasurer — practically  as  agent 
of  the  treasurer,  but  it  is  paid  into  the  secretary's  office.  Every  student 
before  he  can  register  in  the  University,  is  required  to  bring  to  the 
registrar  a  receipt  for  his  tuition.  That  receipt  shows  what  he  has 
paid  in  tuition.  When  he  registers,  the  registrar  enters  on  his  regis- 

14 


tration  card  the  date,  and  the  amount  he  has  paid  for  tuition.  When 
the  secretary  receives  tuition  each  day,  he  makes  deposit  with  the 
treasurer,  taking  a  treasurer's  receipt.  You  can  keep  check  on  the 
amount  he  receives  in  tuitions  by  the  registrar's  card,  and  she  knows 
it  from  the  student,  as  when  he  registers  he  must  show  his  receipt. 
There  is  no  possibility  of  anything  wrong  unless  there  should  be  a  col- 
lusion all  around,  a  combination;  and  we  could  get  at  that,  because 
the  number  of  students  in  the  University,  and  the  number  of  free 
students  would  show  very  closely  the  amount  of  tuitions  paid  in. 
(Transcript,  12-13.) 

Tuition. — Judge  Babb:  The  Board  of  Regents  fix  the  amount  of 
tuition.  The  amount  of  tuition  in  the  professional  colleges 
is  $50  a  year,  with  a  $10  matriculation  fee,  and  in  the  col- 
lege of  liberal  arts  $20  a  year.  There  are  a  number  of 
cases  where  students  entering  are  exempted  from  paying  tui- 
tion in  the  college  of  liberal  arts,  but  not  in  the  professional  col- 
leges. There  was  one  exception  in  the  college  of  law.  About  fifty  a 
year  do  not  pay  any  tuition.  Those  matters  come  up  before  the  execu- 
tive committee,  and  we  exempt  them,  under  the  action  of  the  board 
where  they  bring  the  proper  certificate  from  the  supervisor  or  two 
county  officers.  Our  tuition  is  less  than  that  of  the  denominational 
schools  of  the  state.  It  is  about  the  same  as  state  universities  of  other 
states.  They  vary  a  little  in  each  state,  but  it  is  about  an  average  of 
what  the  fees  are  in  the  various  state  universities  by  which  we  are  sur- 
rounded here,  both  in  the  professional  schools  and  the  college  of  lib- 
eral arts.  Every  student  pays  a  matriculation  fee  of  $10  in  addition  to 
the  tuition.  A  diploma  fee  of  $10  is  also  collected.  (Transcript, 
13-14.) 

President  MacLean:  In  the  universities  of  Michigan  and  Wiscon- 
son,  they  do  not  have  a  tuition  system.  They  advertise  practically  that 
they  are  free  institutions,  but  they  have  a  series  of  fees  that  brings 
them  in  more  than  our  tuition.  The  theory  of  the  state  universities 
far  and  near,  is  so  far  as  the  college  of  liberal  arts  is  concerned,  that 
they  are  free,  but  this  fee  system  has  grown  up  and  has  come  to  be  a 
sort  of  substantial  contribution  to  the  income  of  the  institution,  dis- 
tributed among  many,  and  it  is  pretty  well  established  in  the  older 
state  universities  like  Michigan  and  Wisconsin.  On  the  contrary,  the 
University  of  Kansas  and  the  University  of  Missouri  have  absolutely 
free  tuition.  The  tuition  fee  is  free  in  the  professional  schools  in 
Missouri  as  well  as  in  the  college  of  liberal  arts,  and  it  is  the  theory 
that  is  held  largely  by  the  directors  in  these  state  universities  that  we 
ought  to  approximate  free  tuition;  that  that  is  what  we  were  founded 
for.  The  paying  of  some  tuitions  to  prevent  hasty  registering,  and  to 
prevent  an  appearance  of  pauperizing,  is  considered  desirable  by  quite 
a  number  of  educators. 

At  present,  under  the  new  law  the  tuition  fees  for  a  full  course  in 
the  law  department  would  be  $170;  $10  matriculation  fee,  $10  diploma 
—$20,  and  then  three  years  at  $50  a  year — $150,  $170.  It  would  be 
the  same  in  the  College  of  Dentistry.  The  Colleges  of  Medicine  have 

15 


a  four  years'  course,  so  that  the  total  would  be  $220.     The  College  of 
Pharmacy  has  only  a  two  years  course,  so  the  cost  there  would  1 

In  the  Northwestern  University  College  of  Medicine— 

They  Charge  a  matriculation  fee • 

The  annual  tuition,   payable   in   advance,   is   $150,   making   a 
total  in  four  years  of _< 

And  the  total  cost  of  the  entire  course,  in  fees,  is.  .$605.00 

Deposit  fees  of  $10  are  required  in  laboratory  courses,  as  a  pre- 
caution against  breakage. 

In  The  College  of  Law — 

The  annual  tuition  fee,  payable  in  advance,  is  $100  for  three 

years *300-0() 

In  the  School  of  Pharmacy — 

Matriculation  fee 

Tuition   $40  per  term  of  14  weeks  (course  is  completed  in  f< 

terms)    .. 16(K(H 

Diploma   fee •      10'°° 

$175.00 

In  the  Dental  School — 
The  following  is  the  schedule  of  fees: 

First  Year. 

Matriculation  fee    $      5  •  °° 

General    ticket 100  .  0( 

Histological  laboratory  ticket   5.00 

Dissecting    fee     10-00      120.00 

Second  Year. 

Matriculation  fee    $      5.00 

General    ticket 100.00 

Histological  laboratory  ticket 5.00 

Dissecting  fee   10.00      120.00' 


Third  Year. 

Matriculation  fee    $      5.00 

General    ticket    100.00 

Final  examination  fee   20.00      125 .  Oft 

$365.00- 

Following  is  a  statement  of  the  tuition  cost  in  the  professional  coJ. 
leges  of  the  Universities  of  Michigan,  Minnesota  and  Wisconsin: 


16 


University  of  Michigan. 

To      To  non- 
Residents.  Residents. 
Department  of  Medicine — 

Matriculation  fee    $  *10 . 00   $   25.00 

Annual    tuition,    residents    $35;    non-residents    $45, 

total   140.00      180.00 

Diploma   fee 10.00        10.00 

$160.00  $215.00 

Department  of  Law. — The  same  fees  are  charged  as  in  the  Col- 
lege of  Medicine,  and  in  addition  a  library  fee  of  $2.00  a  year,  making 
the  totals,  for  a  three  years  course: 

To    Residents $131.00 

To   non-residents    .  . 176 .  00 

School  of  Pharmacy. — The  same  fees  are  charged  .as  in  the  de- 
partment of  medicine,  making  the  total  for  two  years: 

To  residents $   90.00 

To   non-residents 125  . 00 

Department  of  Homeopathic  Medicine. — The  same  fees  are  charged 
as  in  the  department  of  medicine. 

Department  of  Dental  Surgery. — The  same  fees  are  charged  as  in 
the  department  of  medicine,  and  in  addition  there  is  a  special  charge 
of  $3  a  year  for  supplies. 

University  of  Minnesota. 
College  of  Law — 
Matriculation    fee     $   10  .  00 

Tuition  fee,  $60  per  year,  total  for  three  years 180.00      190.00 


College  of  Medicine — 

Tuition  fee,  $100  per  year,  total  for  four  years 400.00 

College  of  Homeopathic  Medicine — 

Tuition  per  annum  for  first  two  years,$100 $200.00 

Tuition  per  annum  for  last  two  years,  $80 160.00      360.00 


College  of  Dentistry — 

Tuition  per  annum  for  each  of  the  four  years,  $100..  400.00 

College  of  Pharmacy — 

Tuition,  first  year    $   75.00 

Tuition,  second  year    90.00      165 . 00, 


University  of  Wisconsin. 

Course  in  Pharmacy — 

To      To  non- 
Residents.  Residents. 

Tuition,  per  semester,  to  residents,  free;     to     non- 
residents, $20,  for  full  course  of  four  semesters     free  80.00 
Incidental  fee  per  semester,  $15,  for  full  course  of 

four  semesters    $   60.00        60.00 

$60.00   $140.00 

17 
II 


College  of  Law — 

Tuition  for  first  year $  75.00 

Tuition  for  second  year 50.00 

Tuition  for  third  year 25.00      15K) .  00 


(See  Transcript,  70,76,80.) 

Interest  on  Deposits. — The  funds  of  the  University  on  hand  with 
the  treasurer,  are  deposited  in  the  First  National  Bank  of  Iowa  City, 
and  the  bank  has  been  paying  2  per  cent  on  daily  deposits  since  July 
1,  1904.  The  average  daily  balance  is  about  $50,000. 

Financial  Statement. — Financial  report  for  the  biennial  period  end- 
ing June  30,  1905,  prepared  by  Secretary  McChesney  is  set  out  on 
pages  562  to  612,  of  the  report  of  the  executive  council.  The  said  re- 
port shows: 

1.  Receipts  and  expenditures  for  last  biennial  period. 

2.  Receipts   and   disbursements  for   fiscal   year   ending  June   30, 
1904. 

3.  Receipts  of  income  fund  for  year  1903-1904. 

4.  Disbursements  from  income  fund  for  year  1903-1904. 

5.  Expenditures   from   income   fund   for  year    1903-1904,    on   ac- 
count of  College  of  Liberal  Arts. 

6.  Expenditures  from  income  fund,  year  1903-4 — College  of  Law. 

.   7.     College    of    Medicine — expenditures    from    income    fund,    year 
1903-4. 

8.  College   of   Homeopathic  Medicine,    expenditures   from   income 
fund,  year  1903-04. 

9.  College    of    Dentistry,    expenditures    from    income    fund,    year 
1903-4. 

10.  College    of   Pharmacy,    expenditures    from    income   fund,    year 
1903-04. 

11.  Library,  expenditures  from  income  fund,  year  1903-4. 

12.  Summer  session  and  Library  School,  expenditures  from  income 
fund,  year  1903-4. 

13.  Administration,  expenditures  from  income  fund,  year  1903-4. 

14.  University    extension,    expenditures    from    income    fund,    year 
1903-4. 

15.  Fixed  charges,  expenditures  from  income  fund,  year  1903-4. 

16.  University  Hospital  account  receipts  and  disbursements,  1903-4. 

17.  University    Homeopathic    Hospital    account,    receipts    and    dis- 
bursements, 1903-1904. 

18.  Dental  clinics,  receipts  and  disbursements,  1903-1904. 

19.  Law,  loan  and  book  account,  receipts  and  disbursements,  1903- 
1904. 

20.  Alumni  book  account,  receipts  and  disbursements,   1903-1904. 

21.  Library  tax  fund,  receipts  and  disbursements,  1903-1904. 

22.  Permanent  Land  Endowment  fund,  1903-1904. 

23.  Donated  Land  Fund,  receipts  and  disbursements,  1903-1904. 

24.  Special  Land  Fund,  receipts  and  disbursements,  1903-1904. 

25.  One-tenth  mill  building  tax  fund,  1903-1904. 

26.  One-fifth  mill  building  tax  receipts  and  disbursements.  1903-4. 

27.  Natural    Science    Building   Fund,   receipts   and   disbursements, 
1903-1904. 

28.  New  Medical  Building  Fund,  receipts  and  disbursements,  1903- 
1904. 

29.  Equipment  Fund,  receipts  and  disbursements,   1903-4. 

30.  Repair  and  Contingent  Fund,  receipts  and  disbursements,  1903- 
1904.     I 

18 


31.  A.  Whitney  Carr  Free  Scholarship  Fund,  1903-1904. 

32.  A.  Whitney  Carr  Free  Scholarship  Income  Fund,  1903-1904. 

33.  F.  O.  Lowden  Oratory  Prize  Fund,  1903-1904. 

34.  F.  O.  Lowden  Oratory  Income  Fund,  1903-1904. 

35.  William  Jennings  Bryan  Prize  Fund,  1903-1904. 

36.  William  Jennings  Bryan  Income  Fund,   1903-1904. 

Then  follows  a  like  statement  of  accounts  for  the  year  1904-1905, 
and  additional. 

37.  Gymnasium    and   Armory    Fund,    receipts    and    disbursements, 
1904-1905. 

38.  Engineering     Building     Fund,      receipts      and      disbursements 
1904-1905. 

39.  Tunnel     and     Extension     Fund,    receipts     and     disbursements, 
1904-1905. 

40.  Paving     and     Sidewalk    Fund,     receipts     and     disbursements, 
1904-1905. 

41.  Equipment     and    Supplies    Fund,    receipts    and    disbursements, 
1904-1905. 

The  committees  of  the  board  are: 
1. — Finance  Committee. 
2. — Buildings. 
3. — College  of  Liberal  Arts. 
4. — Legislation. 

5. — Colleges  of  Medicine  and  Homeopathic  Medicine. 
6. — College  of  Law. 
7. — Library  and  Apparatus. 
8. — College  of  Dentistry. 
9. — College  of  Pharmacy. 
10. — Natural  History  Collections. 
11. — Hospitals. 
12. — Executive  Committee. 
13. — Graduate  College. 
14. — Salaries  Committee. 
15. — Honorary   Committee. 
16. — Auditing  Committee. 

Further  as  to  the  officers  of  the  board  of  regents  and  administra- 
tive officers,  see  any  one  of  the  many  announcements  of  the  University. 
Map  of  the  Grounds. — For  a  good  map  of  the  grounds  of  the  Uni- 
versity, showing  location  of  buildings  and  proposed  buildings,  see  Ap- 
pendix A. 

University  Management. — President  MacLean:  The  Board  of 
Regents  elects  the  president,  professors  and  every  employe  of  the  in- 
stitution. The  election  is  upon  the  initiative  of  the  board  through  some 
committee  of  the  Board  that  makes  research,  when  a  president  is 
chosen.  When  professors  are  chosen,  the  president  of  the  University 
and  the  dean  of  the  college  concerned,  are  a  committee  to  recommend 
to  the  board  of  regents.  The  power  of  dismissal  is  with  the  board.  We 
all  exist  absolutely  at  their  pleasure,  and  there  is  no  statutory  pro- 
vision by  which  we  may  require  even  the  thirty  days  notice.  *  *  * 
The  function  of  the  board  is  to  create  the  educational  staff  and  the 
laboring  staff,  and  that  is  their  chiefest  function,  to  make  wise  appoint- 
ments. 

Secondly,  they  administer  these  funds  of  the  legislature  by  allotting, 
in  accordance  with  the  general  appropriations  you  have  set  cut,  the 
funds  to  the  different  colleges  and  different  departments,  and  they  are 

19 


recognized  as  the  supreme  authority  in  that  matter.  You  saw  yester- 
day that  each  professor  and  the  president  prepare  a  preliminary 
budget,  but  the  board  of  regents  does  not  feel  itself  at  all  bound  by  that 
budget,  and  makes  and  remakes  it,  consulting  with  the  president  and 
oftentimes  with  the  officers  concerned.  The  board  next,  having  author- 
ized expenditures  in  considerable  detail,  through  its  executive  com- 
mittee still  further  authorizes  expenditures  for  individual  departments, 
if  there  is  the  least  variation  from  anything  set  out  in  the  budget. 

Next,  the  board  of  regents  is  a  board  of  audit.  Every  individ- 
ual bill  is  audited  by  the  executive  committee  monthly.  Then  the  full 
board  by  its  auditing  committee,  audits  every  warrant  that  has  been 
issued  at  least  annually,  and  checks  up  with  the  treasurer,  with  the 
secretary's  office,  and  with  the  registrar's  office.  The  board  of  regents 
is,  first,  the  appointive  board,  second,  it  is  a  complete  financial  board 
for  authorization  of  expenditures  under  the  acts  of  the  legislature,  and 
a  board  of  audit. 

Educational  Policies. — Now,  the  third  point  in  regard  to  the  board 
of  regents  is  that  it  is  the  board  that  determines  ultimately  the  gen- 
eral policies  of  the  institution;  the  educational  policies  are  ultimately 
issued  by  the  board  of  regents.  The  educational  policies  oftentimes 
originate  with  the  individual  faculties,  almost  always  originate  with 
the  individual  faculties  and  the  president  and  the  deans.  We  consider 
that  this  is  the  great  work  committed  to  us  as  educators.  (President 
MacLean,  Transcript,  50-52.) 

Revision  of  the  Courses  of  Study. — The  faculty  of  the  college  of 
Liberal  Arts  has  just  revised  the  courses  of  study.  They  have  brought 
them  out  from  the  old,  four  by  nine,  little  college  course  of  study  into 
a  university  college  course  of  study,  .where,  in  short,  we  have  groups 
of  studies  instead  of  courses,  with  certain  principles,  giving  freedom 
of  election  to  full  sequences  in  studies  that  are  cognate.  The  student 
does  not  have  absolute  freedom  to  hop,  skip  and  jump,  to  elect  snaps 
and  things  he  fancies.  But  he  enters  and  can  immediately  take  up 
groups  of  studies  that  are  going  to  lead,  for  example,  to  his  specializa- 
tion in  his  upper  years  in  political  science  and  administration,  or  pol- 
itical science,  economics,  and  commerce,  etc.,  or  philology,  or  the 
natural  science,  or  the  physical  sciences.  There  are  naturally  about 
ten  great  groups  of  cognates  in  a  modern  university.  This  revision  by 
which  we  do  away  with  three  courses  of  study,  classical,  philosophical 
and  general  scientific,  brings  your  university  up  to  date  among  modern 
universities,  and  makes  them  more  distinct  from  the  small  colleges. 
(President  MacLean,  Transcript,  52.) 

The  board  of  regents  shapes  the  general  policies  by  approving  these 
matters  of  courses  of  study.  *  *  *  The  moment,  however,  that  the 
board  of  regents  would  arrogate  to  itself  the  initiation  of  courses  of 
study,  your  institution  would  be  in  jeopardy.  A  board  not  engaged  in 
the  work  of  education,  in  that  way,  even  with  the  best  intentions, 
would  become  a  source  of  danger.  From  time  immemorial  universi- 
ties have  been  jealous  of  what  is  known  as  academic  freedom,  and  * 
*  *  the  government  of  the  university  has  rested  in  the  faculties  in 

20 


some   form   or  other,  for  purposes   of  discipline  and  for  purposes  of 
educational  policies.      (President  MacLean,  Transcript,  53.) 

Courses  of  Study. — For  full  information  as  to  courses  of  study  of- 
fered in  the  University,  see  announcements  of  each  of  the  colleges  and 
schools.  They  are: 

The  College  of  Liberal  Arts. 

The  College  of  Law. 

The  College  of  Medicine. 

The  College  of  Homeopathic  Medicine. 

The  College  of  Dentistry. 
The  College  of  Pharmacy. 
The  Graduate  College. 
"The  College  of  Liberal  Arts  embraces: 

The  School  of  Political  and  Social  Science,  which  includes: 
A  Course  in  Commerce. 
A  Course  in  Administration. 
A  Course  in  Modern  History. 
A  Course  in  Philanthropy. 

The  School  of  Applied  Science,  which  includes: 
The  Civil  Engineering  Course. 
The  Electrical  Engineering  Course. 
The  Mechanical  Engineering  Course. 
The  Municipal  and  Sanitary  Engineering  Course. 
The  Mining  Engineering  Course. 

Groups  of  studies  leading  to  the  degrees  of  A.  B.  a-id  B.  S., 
and  also  of  A.  B.  and  LL.  B.,  of  B.  S.  and  M.  D.  and  o:  B.  S. 
and  D.  D.  S. 
The  College  of  Law  embraces: 

A  Three  Years'  Course. 
The  College  of  Medicine  embraces: 
A  Four  Years'  Course. 
A  Nurses'  Training  School. 

The  College  of  Homeopathic  Medicine  embraces: 
A  Four  Years'  Course. 
A  Nurses'  Training  School. 
The  College  of  Dentistry  embraces: 
A  Three  Years'  Course. 
A  Dental  Assistant's  Course. 
The  College  of  Pharmacy  embraces: 

A  Two  Years'  Course. 
The  Graduate  College  embraces: 

Graduate  Courses  in  Thirty  Departments." 

Professors  and  Assistants — Hours  of  Service. — President  MacLean: 
Every  semester  every  head  of  a  department  makes  returns  on  blanks 
for  the  purpose  of  showing  the  hours  of  scheduled  service  given  by  him 
and  every  one  in  his  department.  The  blanks  go  into  details,  telling 
the  room  in  which  he  is  at  work,  the  kind  of  work  he  is  doing,  whether 
lecture  work  or  recitation  room  work,  or  seminary  work,  or  office 
work,  or  reading  papers,  so  that  we  are  able  at  the  end  of  each  semes- 
ter and  at  the  end  of  the  year,  to  tabulate  and  know  just  how  many 
hours  of  service  and  what  kind  of  service  we  have  from  every  one  in 
the  employ  of  the  institution  educationally,  and  I  never  knew  an  insti- 
tution with  such  complete  returns  in  that  particular.  (Transcript,  82.) 
The  following  statement  was  submitted  to  the  committee  showing 
hours  of  service  per  week,  given  by  each  of  the  professors  and  assist- 
ants during  the  school  year  1903-1904: 


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ar  all  of  Deatal,  Freshmen  and  Juniors  are  also  in  this  department.  This  adds  three  lecture  and  four  laboratory  classes.  ' 
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Salaries  of  Teachers. — The  board  at  its  April  or  June  meetng  before 
making  appropriations  for  the  respective  departments,  fix  the  salary 
of  each  professor  and  assistant  professor  and  instructor  in  the  Uni- 
versity. (Transcript,  5.) 

Question.  How  do  the  salaries  in  this  institution  compare  with 
those  at  Michigan,  for  instance? 

Judge  Babb:  They  are  about  $300  to  $400  lower  on  the  average. 
Probably  six  years  ago  I  made  inquiry  of  President  Angell  about  the 
salaries  they  were  paying,  and  their  full  professors  were  paid  from 
$2,500  to  $3,000.  $2,700  was  about  the  average.  The  highest  that 
we  pay  in  the  college  of  liberal  arts  to  any  one  is  $2,400.  We  have 
paid  higher  in  some  of  the  professional  colleges.  The  highest  we  pay 
is  to  the  dean  of  the  college  of  law,  $4,000.  We  do  not  pay  as  high 
salaries  in  the  college  of  medicine  as  in  some  other  colleges.  The  dean 
only  gets  $1,200.  In  the  medical  college  there  are  only  a  limited  num- 
ber that  give  their  whole  time  to  the  work.  They  practice  outside,  and 
they  deliver  their  lectures  here  and  hear  their  classes  in  the  medical 
college,  and  practice  in  connection  with  it.  About  $1,100  or  $1,200  is 
the  average  professor's  salary  in  that  college.  There  are  men  in  the 
laboratories  who  give  their  whole  time,  who  get  about  $1,800.  Those 
who  receive  $2,400  in  the  college  of  liberal  arts  are  Professor  Mac- 
Bride,  Dean  Currier,  and  Professor  Calvin.  Professor  Weld  receives 
2,300,  $100  being  compensation  as  dean  of  the  graduate  college. 

President  MacLean:  We  are  below  Minnesota  and  Wisconsin,  Mis- 
souri and  Nebraska,  when  it  comes  to  those  salaries.  (Transcript,  18.) 

Same. — The  following  statistical  table  of  salaries  paid  in  the  Uni- 
versity was  presented  by  President  MacLean  and  is  to  be  found  in  the 
transcript  at  pages  20-21. 

Instructional  Staff  of  the  University,  1904-1905. 
College  of  Liberal  Arts—  Salaries.      Average. 

32    Professors $1,200 — $3,600  $1,912 

(1  salary  of  $3,600;  no  others  above  $2,400.) 

5  Assistant  Professors    1,100 —  1,400  1,220 

13   Instructors 600 —  1,100  854 

5      Assistant  Instructors 400 900  600 

8  Assistants ...          75_       750  293.75 

College  of  Law — 

5   Professors    1,500 —  4,000        2,180 

(Deans's  salary,  $4,000;  no  other  above  $2,300.) 

1  Lecturer    500  50Q 

College  of  Medicine — 

10   Professors    500_  3)000        M6g 

(I  salary  of  $3,000;  no  other  above  $2,200.) 
5   Instructors    800_  M00          96Q 

2  Assistant  Instructors gOO  ftOO 

34 


2  Demonstrators    150  150 

1  Assistant   Demonstrator    50  50 

1  Assistant  in  Surgery 1,250  1,250 

9  Assistants 50—       300  128 

3  Lecturers    50—       2QO  117 

College  of  Homeopathic  Medicine — 

5  Professors 750 —  1,200.  990 

2  Assistants    800 —  1,200  950 

1  Lecturer    50  50 

College  of  Pharmacy — 

1   Professor 2,000        2,000 

1   Instructor 700  700 

Administrative  Officers — 

President    6,000 

Secretary 1,800 

Treasurer 800 

Registrar 100 

6  Assistants,  clerks,  etc 225 — 1,000  621 

Other  Employes — (Salaries  per  month  are  set  out.) 

1  Engineer  at  power  house 75 

6-7  (Average  number  through  the  year.) 

Firemen  at  boiler  plants 40 —         55 

10  Janitors 30 —         55 

30  Sweepers  and  scrubbers   (on  part  time)  2 —        38 

1  Night   watchman 50 

1  Watchman 39 

1   Campus  laborer    39 

Same. — Tabulation  of  salaries  paid  to  members  of  the  administra- 
tive and  instructional  staff  of  the  University,  1904-1905,  by  amounts: 
$6,000 — 1,  the  President  of  the  University. 
$4,000 — 1,  the  Dean  of  the  College  of  Law. 
$3,600 — 1  Professor. 
$3,000 — 1   Professor. 
$2,400 — 3   Professors. 
$2,300 — 2   Professors. 
$2,200 — 8   Professors. 
$2,100 — 1   Professor. 
$2,000 — 4   Professors. 
$1,900 — 2   Professors. 

$1,800 — 5   Professors  and  1  Secretary  of  the  Board. 
$1,700 — 1   Professor. 
$1,650 — 1   Professor. 
$1,600 — 4  Professors. 
$1.500 — 5   Professors, and  I  Assistant  Professor. 


$1,400 — 1  Professor. 
$1,300 — 2  Professors. 
,$1,250 — 1  Assistant  in  Surgery. 

$1,200 7   Professors,   3   Assistant  Professors,   1   Lecturer  and 

Demonstrator. 

$1,100 5   Professors,  I  Assistant  Professor,  and  1  Instructor. 

$1,000 1  Assistant  in  Secretary's  Office,   1  Acting  Librarian, 

7  Instructors,  and  1  Demonstrator. 
$    950 — 2   Professors. 

$    900 1  Secretary  to  the  President,  2  Instructors,   1  Assist- 
ant Instructor  and  Acting  Dean  of  Women. 

$    800 1  Treasurer,  6  Instructors  and  2  Demonstrators. 

$    750 — 1  Professor  and  I  Assistant. 

$    700 — 1  Executive  Clerk,  1  Assistant,  and  1  Instructor. 

$    650 — 1  Storekeeper. 

$    630 — 1  Cataloguer. 

$     gOO — 1  Assistant  Registrar,   2   Instructors,   and   4  Assistant 

Instructors. 

$    500 — 2  Professors,  1  Assistant  Instructor,  and  1  Clerk. 
$    450 — l  Assistant  in  Library,  1  Stenographer,  and  1  Attend- 
ant. 
$    400 — 1  Assistant  Cataloguer,  1  Assistant  Instructor,  and   1 

Law  Librarian. 

$     300 — 4  Assistants  and  I  Taxidermist. 
$     250 — 1  Lecturer. 
(Transcript,  Appendix  A.) 
Teachers'  Salaries. 

Question.      Why   were   teachers'    salaries   increased    so   materially 
after  1900? 

Judge  Babb:  It  comes  from  the  fact  that  there  are  a  great  many 
more  teachers  than  there  were.  There  is  very  little  increase  in  the 
salary.  You  take  and  compare  the  salary  list,  take  any  teacher  and 
run  through  the  records,  the  salary  paid  to  an  individual  has  been 
raised  a  very  trifling  sum,  probably  a  couple  of  hundred  dollars.  Some 
of  them  of  the  lower  class  have  been  gradually  raised  from  instructors 
to  assistant  professors  and  from  assistant  professors  to  professors. 
But  the  great  increase  has  come  from  broadening  and  lengthening  the 
courses  of  study  in  the  different  colleges.  We  went  before  the  legis- 
lature when  we  first  got  a  large  increase  in  the  support  fund,  which 
was  probably  five  years  ago  this  winter,  with  a  definite  promise  of  add- 
ing a  number  of  different  departments  and  broadening  the  work  in 
certain  lines.  Now  you  take  the  medical  course,  we  lengthened  that 
from  a  three  years  course  of  six  months  to  a  four  years  course  of  nine 
months.  Of  course,  in  doing  that,  we  provided  for  more  work,  more 
work  by  the  same  men,  and  additional  work  that  had  not  been  carried 
at  all,  that  had  to  be  done  by  new  men.  The  law  course  was  length- 
ened from  two  to  three  years.  That  required  additional  instruction. 
And  the  same  way  in  the  dental  school,  the  course  was  lengthened 
there  and  additional  work  was  added  there,  and  in  homeopathic  medi- 

36 


cine  and  in  the  college  of  liberal  arts.  It  would  be  a  little  more  dif- 
ficult to  detail  in  the  college  of  liberal  arts,  but  those  of  you  who  went 
through  the  liberal  arts  college  this  morning  noticed  that  we 
are  preparing  to  do  and  are  entering  upon  quite  important  graduate 
work.  That  is  distinctively  the  work  of  a  University  as  distinguished 
from  a  college.  There  used  to  be  years  ago,  and  it  has  not  all  died  out 
yet,  a  feeling  that  there  was  a  rivalry  between  the  State  University 
and  the  denominational  colleges.  That  feeling  has  largely  died  out. 
The  work  of  the  University  is  supplementing  the  work  of  the  colleges 
of  the  state  in  affording  a  place  in  the  development  of  work  that  the 
denominational  colleges  have  not  the  means  to  do.  It  is  not  only  the 
person  that  wants  to  read  medicine,  study  law,  practice  dentistry  or 
pharmacy,  that  goes  to  the  University  for  training  in  his  professional 
work;  but  a  student  wants  to  take  advanced  work  in  different  fields  of 
science  or  literature,  and  here,  if  he  is  to  receive  it  in  Iowa,  is  the 
place  where  he  must  receive  it.  And  we  have  been  trying  to  accomo- 
date  that  class  of  students  and  to  do  that  class  of  work,  which  is  true 
University  work,  as  any  university  person  knows.  It  is  work  that  we 
are  somewhat  laggard  in,  as  compared  with  some  other  universities, 
even  in  the  West.  Wisconsin  is  ahead  of  us,  and  Michigan,  and  we  are 
clear  behind  the  universities  farther  east  in  that  work;  and  the  con- 
sequence is  that  the  better  class  of  students  have  been  migrating  to 
th  Eastern  schools.  Now  we  have  broadened  the  course.  You  take  it 
in  what  might  be  called  administration — political  science — social 
science — and  in  that  line  of  work,  we  have  broadened  the  work  because 
we  thought  there  was  a  demand  for  it,  and  where  there  was  a  single 
chair  of  political  economy  or  something  of  that  kind,  it  has  branched 
out  into  four  or  five  different  chairs.  *  *  * 

We  are  developing  lines  of  study  along  lines  of  finance  and  admin- 
istration and  the  higher  studies  for  a  man  that  wants  to  go  into  com- 
mercial life,  just  as  all  the  progressive  universities  of  the  country  are 
doing  at  this  time.  Wisconsin,  Michigan,  Chicago  University,  Minne- 
sota— they  are  all  developing  these  fields.  We  are  tryng  to  keep  pace 
with  the  best  work  at  least  in  the  Central  West,  if  we  cannot  reach 
some  of  the  older  institutions  in  the  East.  And  the  same  way  in  chem- 
istry, in  botany,  and  in  the  various  fields  of  natural  science,  we  are 
trying  to  get  better  equipment  and  doing  a  higher  grade  of  work,  so 
as  to  carry  the  student  as  far  as  that  subject  will  enable  him  to  go 
anywhere.  Now  to  do  that  has  required  additional  instruction.  More 
persons  are  required  for  that  work,  because  when  you  branch  out  into 
these  lines  the  classes  get  smaller,  the  work  is  more  nearly  individual 
work.  Now,  some  of  us  were  walking  through  the  hall  of  liberal  arts 
this  morning.  There  was  Professor  Weld  going  through  some  experi- 
ments with  one  person,  a  young  lady  doing  certain  graduate  work.  He 
was  working  some  experiments  with  her,  doing  that  work  for  her.  * 
*  *  It  is  a  higher  grade  of  work,  it  is  original  investigation,  it  is  a 
class  of  work  that  is  not  done  in  any  of  the  colleges  of  the  state,  but 
it  is  a  work  we  have  to  do  if  we  are  going  to  become  a  great  University, 
and  if  Iowa  is  going  to  build  up  a  University  of  which  she  shall  feel  a 

37 


pride,  in  comparison  with  the  other  universities  of  the  country.  That 
is  the  theory  on  which  the  board  and  the  faculty  have  worked  for  the 
last  four  or  five  or  six  years.  We  are  developing  the  chair  of  English 
here.  We  have  probably  some  six  hundred  students  in  English 
now.  They  are  developing  a  department  of  English  here  that  is  build- 
ing up  a  reputation  all  over  the  country — not  confined  to  state  lines, 
but  it  is  getting  a  reputation  beyond  state  lines,  of  doing  the  best  work 
in  English  that  is  being  done  in  any  o'f  the  Universities  around.  That 
requires  a  great  deal  of  work  preparing  papers,  etc.  It  is  largely  lab- 
oratory work,  as  applied  to  English.  We  are  building  up  a  depart- 
ment of  psychology  under  Professor  Patrick  and  Professor  Seashore 
that  is  the  equal  of  any  in  the  country  anywhere.  They  are  pursuing 
a  great  deal  of  original  investigation,  investigation  which  is  very  help- 
ful to  the  students,  inspires  them  to  a  higher  class  of  work,  and  is  giv- 
ing the  institution  a  reputation  everywhere  where  the  character  of  the 
work  is  known.  So  that  will  answer  your  inquiry.  I  am  simply  giving 
you  an  outline  of  where  you  will  find  the  development.  (Transcript, 
15-17.) 

High  School  Inspector. — Question.  Is  the  inspection  made  care- 
fully in  each  of  the  high  schools  of  the  state? 

President  MacLean:  Systematically  and  carefully.  We  have  blanks 
which  are  filled  out  by  the  inspector.  Each  one  of  these  schools,  as  it 
becomes  accredited,  makes  an  annual  return  on  its  blanks.  The  Code 
(Sec.  2640)  provides  that  the  State  University  shall  begin  its  instruc- 
tion where  the  high  schools  leave  off.  How  can  a  university  know 
where  the  high  schools  leave  off?  Either  by  examining  individual 
students,  or  by  going  to  the  schools  and  inspecting  them,  and  admitting 
graduates  of  inspected  schools.  The  western  system  is  to  admit 
students  from  accredited  schools.  It  is  the  Michigan  system,  the 
system  in  all  the  great  states  of  the  Middle  West.  Later  it  was  dis- 
covered that  we  must  have  a  closer  relation  with  the  schools,  hence 
this  visitation  or  inspection.  It  was  implicit  in  the  Code,  it  is  a  duty 
laid  on  the  University,  and  it  shows  how  the  University  is  looked  upon 
as  a  member  of  the  public  school  system  by  the  Code  of  Iowa.  There 
are  today  in  round  numbers,  180  accredited  schools  on  our  list, 
schools  that  prepare  fully  for  the  State  University.  We  have  59  schools 
on  the  partially  accredited  list.  They  do  not  prepare  fully.  They  are 
three-year  high  schools  for  the  most  part.  There  is  a  gap  there. 

It  has  been  seen  that  it  was  the  University's  business  to  allow  the 
boys  of  these  three-year  high  schools  to  connect — it  was  due  to  the 
small  communities.  This  last  year  the  regents  made  arrangements 
by  which  a  graduate  of  a  three-year  high  school  may  be  admitted  as 
an  irregular  or  unclassified  student,  and  he  may  enter  upon  such  work 
as  he  is  prepared  for,  and  bring  up  his  year  later.  (Transcript,  40-41.) 

Graduate  Work — Small  Colleges. — Another  practical  way  the  Uni- 
versity serves  the  people  is  in  serving  the  colleges.  This  state  is  very 
strong  in  small  colleges.  We  have  been  trying  to  get  out  of  competi- 
tion with  them.  These  colleges  have  bright  students  whom  they  want 
to  send  on  for  graduate  work.  They  have  young  instructors  and  they 


have  professors  who  want  to  brush  up  in  their  lines  and  they  come  to 
our  graduate  college  at  very  little  expense,  as  compared  with  going  on 
to  Chicago  and  East,  and  we  have  a  large  number  of  students  who  are 
entering  from  these  small  colleges.  (President  MacLean,  Transcrip4;. 
41.) 

College  of  Medicine.- — Another  way  in  which  we  are  serving  the 
state  practically  is  in  our  college  of  medicine.  A  great  many  of  the 
poor  people  of  this  state  come  and  get  the  best  scientific  treatment 
free,  because  if  they  will  go  into  the  clinic  they  will  get  it  free.  We 
now  have  an  overflowing  clinic  and  an  overflowing  hospital.  That  is 
practical.  In  the  dental  college  we  have  between  9,000  and  10,000 
patients  annually. 

State  Bacteriological  Laboratory. — The  state  bacteriological  labora- 
tory which  you  gentlemen  established  here  has  already  proved  a  great 
success.  It  has  600  sub-stations,  where  are  deposited  little  flasks  and 
little  swabs,  etc.,  so  that  if  there  is  a  case  of  diphtheria,  if  there  is  a 
case  of  typhoid  fever,  instantly  the  physician  can  take  the  sputum  or 
the  specimen,  send  it  here  by  mail  for  examination,  and  by  wire  have 
a  definite  answer  as  to  what  the  disease  is.  That,  in  turn,  gives  our 
students  an  opportunity  to  test  these  things  practically,  and  gives  you 
the  cheapest  kind  of  service  in  the  state.  And  it  gives  an  impulse  to 
research  work  by  not  doing  it  theoretically  and  fancifully  in  the  lab- 
oratory, but  in  the  service  of  the  people  and  practically.  (President 
MacLean,  Transcript,  41.) 

Difference  Between  a  College  and  a  University. — There  is  a  dis- 
tinct difference  between  a  college  and  a  university.  The  college 
chooses  men  who  are  called  professors  whose  chief  business  is  to  im- 
part knowledge.  They  have  stock  knowledge.  But  a  university  has 
a  higher  type  of  professor.  If  the  colleges  of  this  state  are  going  to 
send  their  graduates  here  instead  of  sending  them  to  the  Atlantic  Sea- 
board or  the  University  of  Chicago  or  Northwestern,  they  require  that 
our  professors  be  more  highly  built  up  in  knowledge,  and  be  men  who 
are  doing  research  work,  and  publishing.  They  do  not  require  that 
of  the  college  professor.  They  want  simply  a  good  teacher,  to  impart 
stock  knowledge.  We  want  a  man  who  is  adding  to  the  stock  of  knowl- 
edge, and  teaching  our  students  not  simply  by  the  impartation  of 
stock  knowledge,  but  teaching  them  how  themselves  to  be  the  dis- 
coverers of  knowledge,  and  how  to  apply  old  truths  to  the  immediate 
problems,  social  and  material,  in  the  field  of  knowledge.  We  have  to 
have  men  who  have  had  their  college  education,  their  university  edu- 
cation, who  have  travelled  abroad,  have  been  to  the  greatest  masters 
of  the  world,  and  who  must  continually  keep  in  touch  with  the  growing 
tips  of  knowledge. 

The  Northwestern  University  is  doing  that  kind  of  work.  (Presi- 
dent MacLean,  Transcript,  43-44.) 

Expansion  in  the  Last  Five  Years. — It  has  been  estimated  that  it 
would  take  a  single  person  99  years  to  pass  all  the  courses  offered  in 
the  University.  For  expansion  in  the  last  five  years  see  the  number  of 
courses  of  study  in  photograph  of  diagram  shown  the  last  legislature. 


Following  is  a  copy  of  the  diagram  referred  to: 


College*. 

Departments. 

Cour- 
ses. 

"  1    Archaeology 
2    Astronomy 

18 
4 

5  1ST  ATE 
UNIVEBS'TY 
OF 
IOWA. 
1902-'03. 

1 

3 
4 

5 
6 
T 

8 
9 
10 
11 

12 

13 
14 

15 
16 

Graduate 
Dentistry 
36  months 
Law 
27  months 
Medicine 
36  months 
Univ.  Hospital 
School  for  Nurses 
Horn.  Medicine 
3fi  months 
Horn.  Bospital 
School  and  Nurses 
Liberal  Arts 
Pharmacy 
18  months 
School  Applied  Sciences 
38  months 
Univ.  Extension  School 
Pol.  and  Soc.  Science 
36  months 
Summer  Session 
6  weeks 
Library  School 

3    Botany 
4    Chemistry 
5    Civil  Engineering 
6    Electrical  Engineering 
7    Education 
8    English 
9    French 
10    Greek 
11    German 
12    Geology 
18    History 
14    Italian 
<  16    Latin 
18    Morphology 
17    Mathematics 
18    Mining  Engineering 
19    Mining  &  Metallurgy 
20    Military  Science 
21    Philosophy 
22    Physics 
23    Political  Science 
24    Public  Speaking 
26    Sociology 
26    Scandinavian 
27    Spanish 

18 
10 
12 

16 
20 
16 
18 
8 
16 
6 
2 
24 
16 
18 
6 
6 

13 
20 
20 
18 
20 
18 
2 

8 
6 
14 
6 
6 
26 

8 
12 
8 
12 

14 
14 

2 
6 
10 

14 

28    Sanskrit 

4 

^20    Z^olosrv 

10 

4 

The  right  hand  column  under  "Courses"  shows  the  170  courses  of- 
fered in  the  college  of  liberal  arts  in  1893-1894,  the  left  hand  column 
shows  the  358  additional  courses  added  up  to  and  including  1902-1903, 
making  a  total  of  528  courses  in  1902-1903.  The  diagram  suggests 
the  whole  story.  The  greater  facts  are  the  establishment  of  the  grad- 
uate college  in  1900,  developed  to  an  attendance  of  above  180  last 
year,  the  organization  of  the  school  of  applied  science  in  1903,  with  a 
freshman  enrollment  multiplied  by  three  this  year;  the  opening  of 
new  departments  like  public  speaking,  mechanical  engineering,  etc.; 
the  increase  of  the  teaching  staff  in  practically  every  department;  the 
bringing  up  of  the  equipment  all  along  the  line;  the  raising  of  the 
standards  of  admission,  of  supervision,  of  instruction,  of  time  for  grad- 
uation, always  the  university  as  over  against  the  college  ideal  has  been 
applied.  We  have  sought  the  best.  The  last  two  sentences  will  be  our 
guides  for  the  future  of  which  you  ask.  The  co-ordination  of  the  edu- 
cational forces  of  the  state,  with  the  university  as  the  servant  of  all, 
and  the  service  of  the  highest  civilization  of  the  state  in  every  practical 
way  in  which  science  can  be  applied  to  humanity  is  within  the  scope 
of  the  University's  charter  and  future.  (President  MacLean,  Tran- 
script, 81.) 

Work  in  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts. — I  think  you  'will  find  that  the 
work  in  the  college  of  liberal  arts  falls  into  three  quite  diverse  groups. 

The  language  and  letters  men  do  their  work  largely  by  lectures, 
recitations  and  text  books.  The  material  science  men  do  theirs  largely 
through  laboratories  and  experiments. 

The  political  science  men,  history  men,  do  their  work  by  lectures 
and  recitation  and  parallel  readings,  through  a  hundred  and  one  books 
and  papers  that  are  presented. 


The  department  of  English  has  almost  become  a  group  by  itself.  To 
teach  PJuglish  by  the  modern,  or  laboratory  method,  each  student  pre- 
pares themes  very  frequently.  These  themes  are  corrected  with  red 
ink,  and  then  the  student  sits  down  with  the  theme  reader  to  have  the 
benefit  of  oral  criticism,  and  that  is  called  the  laboratory  method.  So 
there  will  be  different  kinds  of  hours  appearing  on  the  schedule  sub- 
mitted, and  unless  these  explanations  are  made,  great  injustice,  for 
example,  would  be  done  to,  we  will  say,  a  man  in  letters  and  languages. 
We  will  say  that  he  meets  classes  twelve  or  fifteen  hours  a  week,  and 
then  he  has  his  office  hours,  and  then  some  hours,  perhaps,  for  theme 
readers.  He  does  not  make  what  looks  like  a  heavy  return  of  work. 
The  man  in  natural  sciences  is  scheduled  from  eight  to  twelve  and  from 
one  to  five,  and  his  total  for  the  week  will  be  apparently  thirty  to 
forty  hours,  and  the  casual  observer  will  say  that  that  professor  is  do- 
ing the  state  full  justice,  and  the  other  is  loafing.  (President  MacLean, 
Transcript,  83.) 

Iowa  Students  in  Other  Universities. — There  were  1,900  students 
last  year  out  of  this  state  in  the  leading  universities  of  this  country. 
(Transcript,  46.) 

The  Board  of  Control. — The  Board  of  Control  visits  us  once  in  two 
years,  in  advance  of  the  meeting  of  the  legislature.  The  full  board  gen- 
erally comes  and  spends  several  days  here.  They  go  to  the  secretary's 
office  and  check  up  or  audit  the  accounts,  look  over  the  minutes  of 
the  board  of  regents  from  the  time  of  their  last  visitation  to  that  date, 
look  into  all  the  accounts,  call  for  the  original  vouchers,  and  make  ap- 
parently a  thoroughgoing  investigation  as  to  our  keeping  of  accounts, 
management  of  funds,  and  our  expenditures.  They  then  make  their 
recommendations  in  their  report  to  you.  (President  MacLean,  Tran- 
script, 50.) 

Investigation  by  Board  of  Control. — "In  addition  to  the  powers 
heretofore  mentioned  to  be  exercised  by  the  Board  of  Control,  the  said 
board  shall  investigate  thoroughly  the  reports  and  doings  of  the 
regents  of  the  State  University,  and  the  trustees  of  the  State  Normal 
School,  and  the  State  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts  and 
the  books  and  records  of  said  institutions,  for  the  purpose  of  ascertain- 
ing: 

(1.)  Whether  the  persons  holding  positions  have  faithfully  ac- 
counted for  all  moneys  of  the  state  which  have  been  drawn  from  the 
state  treasury  or  have  come  into  their  hands  otherwise. 

(2.)  If  appropriations  have  been  drawn  from  the  state  treasury  In 
accordance  with  law  and  so  expended. 

(3.)      Whether  such  persons  have  drawn  money  for  services  per 
diem,   mileage   or  expenses,   or  otherwise,   not  authorized   by   law,   or 
have  authorized  expenditures  without  authority  of  law." 
Code  Supplement,  Sec.  2727-a53. 

Same — Power  to  Subpoena  and  Examine  Witnesses. — "The  said 
board  shall  have  power  to  visit  the  educational  institutions,  subpoena 
and  examine  witnesses  and  enforce  attendance,  and  to  require  the 
production  of  books,  records,  papers  and  memoranda." 

41 


Code  Supplement,  Sec.  2727 — a54. 

Same — Examination  of  Contracts. — "It  shall  be  the  duty  of  said 
board  to  investigate  the  manner  in  which  all  contracts  for  the  educa- 
tional institutions  have  been  let,  and  to  ascertain  whether  or  not  the 
matters  in  charge  of  such  officials  are  conducted  in  an  economical  and 
business  like  manner;  and  to  report  the  result  of  such  investigation  to 
the  governor  with  the  other  reports  to  be  filed  with  that  officer." 

Code  Supplement,  Sec.  2727 — a55. 

Same — Estimates  of  Costs  of  Improvements. — "And  when  any  one 
of  the  three  last  above  named  educational  institutions  shall  ask  ap- 
propriations for  any  building  or  betterments,  said  institution  or  insti- 
tutions shall  first  have  prepared-  by  the  architect  provided  for  in  this 
act  estimates  of  the  cost,  plans  and  specifications  of  said  buildings  or 
betterments,  and  submit  the  same  to  the  following  general  assembly." 

Code  Supplement,  Sec.  2727 — a56. 

TABULATION  OF    METHODS   OP   ADMINISTERING    UNIVERSITIES 
OF  THIRTY  STATES. — 1902. 

Twenty-nine  out  of  the  thirty  universities  tabulated  have  adminis- 
trative boards,  called  regents,  trustees,  curators,  etc.,  which  adminis- 
ter all  the"  affairs  of  their  respective  universities. 

Twelve  of  these  boards  are  appointed — those  of  Alabama,  Cali- 
fornia, Georgia,  Idaho,  Kansas,  Minnesota,  North  Dakota,  Ohio,  Utah, 
Washington,  Wisconsin  and  Wyoming. 

Four  of  these  boards  are  elected  by  the  people — those  of  Colorado, 
Illinois,  Michigan  and  Nebraska. 

In  Indiana  three  trustees  are  chosen  by  the  alumni  of  the  Uni- 
versity and  five  by  the  State  Board  of  Education. 

In  Iowa  the  regents  are  chosen  by  the  legislature  for  six-year 
terms. 

In  New  York  the  regents  are  chosen  by  the  legislature  for  life 
terms. 

Definite  information  concerning  methods  of  election  in  the  other 
states  was  not  available. 

In  fourteen  states,  Alabama,  Arkansas,  California,  Georgia,  Illi- 
nois, Iowa,  Minnesota,  Mississippi,  New  Mexico,  New  York,  Ohio,  Okla- 
homa, Tennessee,  Vermont,  governors  are  members  of  boards,  ex- 
officiis. 

In  eleven  states,  Alabama,  California,  Illinois,  Iowa  Minnesota, 
Mississippi,  New  Mexico,  New  York,  Tennessee,  Wisconsin,  Wyoming, 
superintendents  of  public  instruction  are  members  of  boards,  ex-of- 
ficiis. 

In  eight  states.  Colorado,  Kansas,  Michigan,  Minnesota.  Utah, 
Vermont,  Wisconsin,  Wyoming,  the  presidents  of  state  universities  are 
members  of  boards,  ex-officiis. 

Other  ex-officiis  members,  varying  in  different  states,  are  such  of- 
ficers as  lieutenant-governors,  speakers  of  houses,  and  presidents  of 
boards  of  agriculture. 

In  none  of  these  thirty  states  is  found  a  university  acting  under 

42 


on^  Board  of  Financial  Control  and  another  Board  of  Educational  Con- 
trol. In  every  instance  the  board  of  regents  or  trustees  administers 
the  university,  both  as  to  finances  and  educational  matters. 

Alabama — Board  of  twelve  trustees.  The  governor  and  superin- 
tendent of  public  instruction  are  trustees,  ex-officiis.  Ten  members  "by 
appointment."  Term,  6  years;  J  of  board  elected  every  2  years. 

Arkansas — Board  of  seven  trustees.  Governor  is  president  of 
board,  ex-officio. 

California — Board  of  twenty-three  regents.  The  governor,  lieuten- 
ant-governor, speaker  of  the  assembly,  state  superintendent  of  public 
instruction,  president  state  agricultural  society,  president  Mechanics' 
Institute  of  San  Francisco  and  president  of  the  university,  are  members 
ex-officiis.  Sixteen  other  members  of  the  board  are  appointed  by  the 
governor,  with  approval  of  the  senate. 

Colorado — Board  of  seven  regents.  President  of  university  mem- 
ber and  president  of  board,  ex-officio.  Six  members  elected  by  the  peo- 
ple. Term,  six  years  &  of  board  elected  every  two  years. 

Georgia — Board  of  twenty-one  trustees.  Governor  is  president  of 
board,  ex-officio.  The  president  of  board  of  trustees'  of  School  of  Tech- 
nology, president  board  of  commissioners,  Georgia  Normal  and  Indus- 
trial College,  and  President  of  board  of  Commissioners,  Industrial  Col- 
lege for  Colored  Youths  (these  institutions  being  parts  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Georgia)  are  members  of  board,  ex-officiis.  Seventeen  mem- 
bers are  appointed  by  the  governor,  with  approval  of  the  senate,  being 
one  from  each  congressional  district,  four  from  the  state  at  large,  and 
two  from  Athens,  Georgia. 

The  university  has  departments  at  six  different  places  in  Georgia, 
the  larger  part  being  at  Athens.  "The  immediate  control  and  manage- 
ment of  each  of  the  departments  of  the  university  situated  elsewhere 
than  at  Athens  is  entrusted  (subject  to  general  control  of  the  Uni- 
versity trustees)  to  a  "Local  Board"  of  trustees  or  a  "Commission," 
the  number  of  members,  mode  of  appointment,  and  terms  of  office  of 
which  vary." 

Idaho — Board  of  five  regents,  appointed  by  the  governor.  Term, 
six  years;  one-third  elected  every  two  years. 

Illinois — Board  of  twelve  trustees.  The  governor,  president  of 
state  board  of  agriculture,  and  superintendent  of  public  instruction, 
are  members  of  board,  ex-officiis.  Nine  members  are  elected  by  people. 

Indiana — Board  of  eight  trustees.  Three  are  chosen  by  alumni  of 
the  university,  and  five  by  the  state  board  of  education,  which  is  com- 
posed of  "the  governor,  state  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  the 
president  of  the  State  University,  the  president  of  Purdue  University, 
the  president  of  the  State  Normal  School,  the  superintendent  of  com- 
mon schools  of  the  three  largest  cities  in  the  state,  and  three  citizens 
of  prominence  actively  engaged  in  educational  work  in  the  state,  ap- 
pointed by  the  governor,  at  least  one  of  whom  shall  be  a  county  super- 
intendent, none  of  whom  shall  be  appointed  from  any  county  in  which 
any  other  member  of  the  state  board  of  education  resides,  or  from 


which  any  other  member  was  appointed."  Term,  three  years;  one- 
third  of  board  chosen  every  year. 

I0wa Board     of      regents.      Governor      and      superintendent     of 

public  instruction  members,  ex-omciis.  The  legislature  elects  the  other 
eleven  members,  one  from  each  congressional  district.  Term,  six  years; 
one-third  of  board  chosen  every  two  years. 

Kansas — Board  of  seven  regents.  The  chancellor  of  university  is 
member  of  board,  ex-officio.  Six  members  are  appointed  by  the  gov- 
ernor, with  approval  of  the  senate.  Term,  four  years;  one-half  ap- 
pointed every  two  years. 

Michigan — Board  of  nine  regents.     The  president  of  the  universi 
is  president  of  board  of  regents,  ex-officio.     Eight  members  are  elected 
by  the  people.     Term,  eight  years;   one-fourth  of  board  elected  every 
two  years. 

Minnesota — Board  of  thirteen  regents.  President  of  University, 
governor,  and  superintendent  of  public  instruction  are  members,  ex- 
officiis.  Ten  members  are  appointed  by  the  governor,  with  concurrence 
of  senate.  Term,  six  years;  one-third  of  board  appointed  every  two 
years. 

Mississippi — Board  of  seventeen  trustees.  Governor  and  superin- 
tendent of  public  instruction  are  members  of  board,  ex-officiis.  There 
is  one  member  from  each  congressional  district,  and  there  are  nine 
from  the  state  at  large. 

Missouri — Board  of  nine  curators.  Term,  six  years;  one-third  of 
board  chosen  every  two  years. 

Nebraska — Board  of  six  regents,  chosen  by  the  people.  Term,  six 
years;  one-third  of  board  chosen  every  two  years. 

New  Mexico — Board  of  seven  regents;  the  governor  and  superin- 
tendent of  public  instruction,  ex-officiis,  and  five  other  members. 

New  York — Board  of  twenty-three  regents.  The  governor,  lieuten- 
ane-governor,  secretary  of  state,  and  superintendent  of  public  instruc- 
tion, are  members  ex-officiis.  Nineteen  members  are  chosen  by  th« 
legislature  for  life. 

North  Dakota — Board  of  five  trustees,  appointed  by  the  governor, 
the  senate  concurring.  Term,  four  years;  one-half  of  board  appointed 
every  two  years. 

Ohio — Ohio  State  University  at  Columbus.  Board  of  seven  trustees 
appointed  by  the  governor,  the  senate  concurring.  Term,  seven  years. 

Ohio  University  at  Athens.  Board  of  twenty-one  trustees.  The 
governor  is  president  of  board,  ex-officio.  Twenty  members  "are  ap- 
pointed by  state  authority." 

Oklahoma — Board  of  six  regents.  Governor  is  member,  ex-officio. 
Five  other  members. 

Oregon — Board  of  nine  regents. 

South  Dakota — Educational  institutions,  including  university,  under 
control  of  "regents  of  education,"  five  in  number. 

Tennessee — Board  of  thirty-three  trustees.  Governor,  secretary  of 
state,  and  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  are  members  of  board, 
ex-officiis.  Thirty  members  are  "chosen  from  the  different  congres- 

44 


sional  districts  of  the  state,  who  serve  for  life,  or  until  removal  from 
the  state,  or  resignation." 

Utah-=-Board  of  regents.  Chancellor  of  university  is  member,  ex- 
officio.  Eight  members  are  appointed  by  the  governor.  Term,  two 
years. 

Vermont — Board  of  twenty  trustees.  The  president  of  the  university 
and  governor  of  the  state  are  members,  ex-officiis.  There  are  nine 
trustees  "on  the  part  of  the  University  of  Vermont,"  and  nine  "on  the 
part  of  the  Vermont  Agricultural  College."  The  terms  of  the  latter 
are  six  years,  one-third  of  them  being  chosen  every  two  years.  The 
University  of  Vermont  was  established  in  1791,  receiving  lands,  moneys, 
etc.,  at  that  time  and  subsequently.  The  Vermont  Agricultural  Col- 
lege was  established  in  1862,  receiving  certain  lands  from  the  United 
States.  By  an  act  approved  Nov.  6,  1865,  the  two  were  incorporated 
into  one  institution  by  the  name  of  "The  University  of  Vermont  and 
State  Agricultural  College."  "This  corporation  is  invested  with  the 
property,  rights,  powers  and  privileges  which  belonged  to  both  or 
either  of  the  corporations  so  combined,  and  'shall  be  and  remain  a 
body  corporate  forever,  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  out  the  objects 
contemplated  in  the  respective  charters.' '  "Sec.  II  of  the  Charter 
provides  that,  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  property  by  gift,  grant,  be- 
quest, or  otherwise,  and  for  certain  other  purposes  therein  specified, 
each  of  the  original  corporations  shall  be  deemed  and  treated  as  hav- 
ing continued  in  life." 

Virginia — Board  of  nine  visitors. 

Washington — Board  of  seven  regents,  appointed  by  the  governor, 
with  concurrence  of  senate.  Term,  six  years.  The  terms  of  part  of 
the  board  expire. every  year. 

West  Virginia — Board  of  nine  regents. 

Wisconsin — Board  of  fifteen  regents.  The  president  of  the  uni- 
versity and  the  state  superintendent  are  members,  ex-omciis.  Thirteen 
members  of  the  board  are  appointed  by  the  governor,  two  from  the 
state  at  large,  and  one  from  each  congressional  district.  Term,  three 
years. 

Wyoming — Board  of  eleven  trustees.  President  of  university  and 
state  superintendent  of  public  instruction  are  members,  ex-omciis. 
Nine  members  are  appointed  by  the  governor,  with  concurrence  of 
senate.  Term,  six  years;  one-third  of  board  appointed  every  two  years. 
Statement  concerning  the  governing  board  of  the  University  of 
Maine,  made  by  President  George  E.  Fellows  of  that  university,  March 
27,  1905,  in  a  letter  to  President  MacLean. 

<?The  name  of  the  governing  board  of  the  university  is  the  'Board 
of  Trustees  of  the  University  of  Maine.' 
Number  of  members,  eight. 

Appointed  by  the  governor  and  council  for  seven  years,  except  that 
one  member  is  nominated  by  the  alumni  and  appointed  by  the  gov- 
ernor for  three  years. 

There  are  no  ex-omcio  members. 

Members  get  two  dollars  per  day,  and  twenty  cents  per  mile  for 


actual  travel  in  attendance  upon  board  meetings.  The  per  diem  com- 
pensation is  only  during  attendance  on  meetings. 

There  is  no  additional  governing  board,  or  state  board  of  control, 
or  organization  or  body  whatsoever,  that  has  any  authority  in  the  uni- 
versity. The  board  of  trustees  is  supreme." 

The  foregoing  tables  were  prepared  and  submitted  by  President 
MacLean.  (Transcript,  93.) 


46 


TABLES     SHOWING    THE     PAY     ROLL     OF     THE 
UNIVERSITY,    BY     COLLEGES      AND 
DEPARTMENTS.  DURING   THE 
YEARS  1895-1896  TO 
1904-1905  IN- 
CLUSIVE. 


47 


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Total  of  Salaries,  nolles-e  of  Oentristv.. 

Comparative  Anatomy  

Oral  Pathology  and  Hygiene. 
W.  H.  De  Ford,  Professor  
Custodian. 
E.  A.  Soraker... 

Regional  Anatomy. 
E.  A.  Rogers,  Professor  
Oral  Surgery. 
Geo.  V.  I.  Brown.  Lecturer... 

OrtJiodontia. 
W.  J.  Bradv.  Professor... 

Storekeeper. 
Clarissa  J.  Joy  

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GRADUATE  COLLEGE. 

W.  B.  Bell,  Fellow  in  Zoology $  225.00 

R.  Li.  Byrnes,  Fellow  in  Pathology  and  Bacteriology 225.00 

darah  E   Gronin,  Fellow  in   Mathematics 225.00 

H.  V.  Farr,  Fellow  in  Chemistry,  (resigned) 112.50 

H.  H.  Hanzlik,  Assistant  in  Ohemistry 80.00 

H.  H.  Fitch,  Fellow  and  Assistant  in  uatin 825.00 

C.  V.  Kent,  Fellow  in  Physics 225.00 

Frederike  B.  Haan,  Fellow  in  German 225.00 

Daniel  Starch,  Fellow  in  Philosophy 225.00 

C.  W.  Wassam,  Fellow  in  Political  Economy  and  dociology 225. 00 

Josef  Wiehr,  Fellow  in  German 225.00 

HayShuck,  Fellow  in  English 225.00 

Fred.  Albert,  Scholar  in  Internal  Medicine 125.00 

C.E.  Bale,  Scholar  in  English 125.00 

AliceRigby,  Scholar  in  English 125.00 

Bess  Peebles,  Scholar  in  English 125.60 

ElizabethL.  Sherwood,  Scholar  in  English 125.00 

<J.  H.  Hanson,  Scholar  in  Geology 125.00 

8.  W.  Hockett,  Scholar  in  Geology 125.00 

E.  A.  Jenner,  Scholar  in   Psychology 125.00 

J.  O.  Johnson,  Scholar  inPoliticai  Science 125.00 

J.  F.   L,ee,  Scholar  in  Public  Speaking 125.00 

L.  A.  Quaife,  Scholar  in  Pathology  and  Bacteriology 125.00 

Ethel  L.  Smith,  Scholar  in  German 125.00 

Ethelind  Swire,  Scholar  in  French  125.00 

Fern  Jf.  Williams,  Scholar  in  Greek 125.00 

Total  of  graduate  fellowships  and  scholarships,  1904-1905 $1, 802. 50 

4 '  In  1904-1905  the  appropriations  made  for  fellowships  and  scholarships  in  the  Graduate 
College  were  thrown  into  a  separate  account.  This  was  done  for  the  reason  that  the  sti- 
pends of  fellows  and  scholars  are  not  properly  a  part  of  the  salaries  pay  roll  of  the  Uni- 
versity, and  the  fellows  and  scholars  are  not  a  part  of  the  instructional  staff,  proper. 
The  amount  appropriated  for  this  purpose  ID  the  University  of  Iowa,  as  in  all  universities, 
is  appropriated  primarily  to  stimulate  advanced  and  research  work  by  those  best  capable 
of  carrying  on  such  work.  The  fellows  and  scholars  do,  however,  render  in  return  cer- 
tain minor  services  to  the  heads  of  the  department. "  (Secretary  McChesney's  statement 
to  the  committee.) 


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Statement  showing  expenditures  in  current  expenses  of  the  university,  by  colleges  and  depa 
during  the  years  from  1895-1896  to  1904-1905,  inclusive. 

COLLEGE  OF  LIBERAL  ARTS. 


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University  Grounds  and  Buildings — Valuation. — Approximately  the 
buildings  are  valued  at  $1,000, 000  and  the  grounds  at  $300,000.  This 
does  not  include  the  equipment  of  buildings  or  equipment  of  labora- 
tories, or  the  values  of  libraries  and  museums.  (Secretary  McChesney, 
4-1-1905.) 

STATEMENT  SHOWING  AMOUNTS  PAID  TO  ARCHITECTS  BY  THE 
UNIVERSITY  FROM  JULY  1,  1898,  TO  JUNE  30,  1905. 

July  1,  1898 — Paid  Proudfoot  &  Bird,  on  account  of  plans, 

Liberal  Arts  building $1,000 . 00 

April  28,  1899 — Paid  Proudfoot  &  Bird,  on  account  of  plans, 

Liberal  Arts  building  2,000  .  00 

April  17,  1900 — Paid  Proudfoot  &  Bird,  on  account  of  plans, 

Liberal  Arts  building  200.00 

October  25,  1900 — Paid  Proudfoot  &  Bird,  account  Liberal 

Arts  building  and  power  house 1,500.00 

November  1,  1901 — Paid  Proudfoot  &  Bird,  account  Liberal 

Arts  building 1,500 .00 

October  3,  1902 — Paid  Proudfoot  &  Bird,  balance  on  plans, 

Liberal  Arts  building 56'9 .  00 

Medical  Laboratory  and  Anatomy  Buildings. 

October  3,  1902 — Paid  Proudfoot  &  Bird,  on  account $2,000.60 

December  19,  1902 — Paid  Proudfoot  &  Bird,  on  account.  ...    1,000.00 

March  19,  1903 — Paid  Proudfoot  &  Bird,  on  account.  .....       400.00 

February  16,  1904 — Paid  Proudfoot  &  Bird,  on  account.  .  .  .       600.00 

December  16,  1904,  Proudfoot  &  Bird,  balance 362.00 

Natural  Science  Building. 

February  16,  1904 — Proudfoot  &  Bird,  on  account $     400.00     " 

June  23,  1904 — Paid  Proudfoot  &  Bird,  on  account 3,000.00 

October  L'S,  1904 — Paid  Proudfoot  &  Bird,  on  account....    1,200.00 

Fiiriiiture  for  Medical  Laboratory  and  Anatomy  Buildings. 

January  25,  1905 — Paid  Proudfoot  &  Bird,  plans  and  specifi- 
cations  $     360.00 

Engineering  Building. 

April  13,  1905 — Paid  Proudfoot  &  Bird,  on  account $1,000.00 

Pay  roll   of  persons  employed  by  the  University  during  the  year 

1904-1905,   not  included  within  the  administrative   and  instructional 

staff: 

G.  H.  Ellsworth,  superintendent  of  construction 
and  maintenance  and  of  grounds  and  build- 
ings, paid  from  building  tax,  medical  build- 
ings, and  natural  science  building  funds $1,800.00 

D.  S.  Welch,  assistant  to  superintendent,  at  $60  a 

month,  paid  from  building  tax  fund 720.00 

74 


Janitor's  Pay  Roll. 

Wm.  Barry,  general  janitor,  J  pay  for  July,  1904. 
Ellsworth  Bright,  janitor  old  capitol,  Sept.,   1904, 

to  June,  1905,  inclusive  at  $45 450 . 0( 

Robert   Howe,    janitor,   Liberal   Arts    Bldg.,   July, 

1904,  at  $37.50    

O.  D.   Lonstreth,  janitor,  Liberal  Arts,   26  J   days, 

Aug.,  1904,  at  $1.75 

J.  P.  Jenks,  janitor,  Liberal  Arts,  about  Sept.  20, 

1904,  to  June  30,  1905,  at  $50 

W.  H.  Vermillion,  janitor,  Dental  Building,  Sept.  1, 

1904,  to  June  2,  1905,  at  $50 454.00 

B.  M.  Kingsbury,  janitor,  Dental  Bulding,  24  days 

in  June,  1905,  at  $50-  a  month 

Ellen  Hennessey,  janitor,  Dental  Bldg.,  Sept.  1904, 

to  June,  1905,  inclusive,  at  $25 250.00 

Irene     Hennessey,   janitor  service,  Dental     Bldg., 

Sept.,  1904,  to  June,  1905,  at  $5  a  month.  . .  50.00 

Henry  Flannery,  janitor,  Medical  Bldg.,  1§  months, 

July  and  August,  1904,  at  $40 65.00 

Aleck  Story,  janitor,  Anatomy  Building,  Sept.,   to 

June,  at  $55    550.00 

Dan   O'Donnell,   janitor,   Anatomy   Bldg.,    Sept.   to 

June,  at  $40    400.00 

Chris   Larsen,   janitor,   Medical   Laboratory   Bldg., 

Sept.  11,  to  June  30,  at  $45 433.50 

Frank     Rebal,     janitor,     University     Hospital,     3 

months,  4  days  at  $30 94.00 

Assistant  janitor,   Liberal  Arts  Bldg,   by  the 

hour,  night  work,  during  the  year 225.94       319.94 

Chas.     Rogers,     Janitor,     University    Hospital,     4 

months,  29  days,  October  to  February,  at  $30  149.00 

Ed.  Depew,  janitor,  University  Hospital,  2£  days 

in  March,  at  $30  a  month 2.50 

O.  J.  Gowey,  janitor,  University  Hospital,  3  months, 

29  days,  March  to  June,  at  $30 118 . 00 

Joe  Bywater,  janitor,  Homeopathic  Hospital,  July 

and  Aug.,  1904,  at  $30 60.00 

Albert  Marsh,  janitor,  Homeopathic  Hospital,  Sept. 

to  April,  at  $30  240.00 

Stephen  Jacob,  janitor,  Homeopathic  Hospital,  May 

and  June,  at  $30  60.00 

John  C.  Miller,  janitor,  Chemical  Laboratory,  July 

and  August,  at  $35  70.00 

Edward  Blake,  janitor,  Chemical  Laboratory,  Sept. 

to  June,  at  $45 450 . 00 

Jacob  T.  Seitsinger,  Janitor,  Armory,  4  months,  2 

days,  February  to  June,  at  $50 203 . 33 

Tf 


John  S.  Rossler,  bath  room  attendant,  4  months,  2 

days,  Feb.  to  June,  at  $50 203.33 

Mrs.  M.  Reese,  janitor,  Women's  Gymnasium,  Nov. 

18  to  June  30,  at  $30 222.00 

E.  A.  Green,  janitor,  Physics  Bldg.,  8  9-10  month, 

October  to  June,  at  $25 222.50 

James  Barry,  night  watch,  3  months;  watchman, 

Athletic  Field,  9  months,  at  $39 468.00 

Frank  Flood,  night  watch,  July,  Aug.,  Sept,  1904, 

at  $37.50  112.50 

Oscar  Hostetler,  night  watchman,  Oct.  1  to  March 

15,  at  $50  275.00 

Jas.  Lodge,  night  watchman,  3  months,  21  days, 

March  to  June,  at  $50  184.76 

Charles  Klema,  general  helper,  at  $39  through 

the  year 468.00 

Jas.  Klema,  labor  caring  for  east  campus,  July, 

August,  and  September,  1904,  at  $45  135.00 

Mary  A.  Churchill,  scrub  woman,  Science  Bldg.,  10 

months,  at  $18 180.00 

Washing  towels    26.33      206.33 


Kate  Katzenmeyer,  scrub  woman,  pharmacy  labor- 
atory, 10 J  months  at  $18    189.00 

Mary  A.  Hulzhauser,  scrub  woman,  Science  Bldg., 

7  months,  12  days  at  $18  a  month 133.20 

Lydia   A.    Rogers,   scrub   woman,   old   Capitol   and 

museum,  1  month  at  $18   18.00 

Washing  towels    2.22        20.22 


Lizzie  Budrow,  scrub  woman,  Liberal  Arts  -Bldg., 

and  Old  Capitol,  2  months  at  $18 36.00 

Assistant  janitor  by  the  hour 7.05        43.05 

Kate  Bartlak,  scrub  woman,  Liberal  Arts  Bldg.,  1 

month  at   $18 18.00 

Assistant  janitor  by  the  hour    7.95         25.95 

Ella    Leek,    scrub    woman,    Liberal    Arts    Bldg.,    1 

month  at  $18    18 . 00 

The  following  persons — largely  students — were  employed  as  assist- 
ant janitors  and  paid  at  the  rate  of  15  cents  an  hour.  A  few  were 
employed  in  cleaning  the  buildings  during  the  summer  vacation,  at 
$1.75  a  day  and  C.  W.  Wassam  was  paid  $2.50  a  day  for  superintend- 
ing the  summer  cleaning. 

N.  D.  Wells $   4674 

C.  H.  A.  Stelling   88^3 

John  J.   Ryan    .  .  121  84 

Bruce  Ensley ..........':.  i."  .'I.'.' .' .' .'      57.'l5 

Purley  Rinker 66.53 

M 
76 


J.   Robert  Wright    112.88 

R.  J.  Joynt 22.35 

H.   A.    Brandt 40.46 

F.    P.    Nordeck    2.04 

Harry  Baum    27.35 

O.   R.    Gregg 45 

C.  A.  Manahan 10.i3 

H.  B.  Dice 11.18 

Albert   Meade    23.95 

Ray  Files   52.55 

Wm.  Brinton 51.60 

C.  E.  Burton    24.50 

C.  W.  Wassam 78.50 

Fletcher  Meade    40.50 

S.  M.  Savage    * 5.25 

C.  M.  Tierney 66.50 

Wm.  Klema   7.11 

H.  D.  Repass 72.08 

C.  A.  Randall 97.05 

W.  S.  Randall    75.45 

Lensen  Moeller 64.28 

B.  J.  Winterberg 102.51 

Herbert  H.  Hoar   94.21 

Louisa  Sebek 174.91 

W.  R.  Bosworth 84.08 

George   Brown    142.79 

Stella  Sebek 175.66 

Ella  Leek 13.95 

D.  A.  Lewis    13.20 

F.  R.  Hoar '  23.41 

F.    Vasku    23.37 

A.  E.  Miller 4.65 

S.  E.  Felt 4.13 

E.  E.  Rorick    2.25 

E.  W.  B.  Mark 20.13 

H.  S.  Kacherian 54.00 

E.    E.    Page 33.83 

R.  F.  Sackett • 44.56 

R.  A.  Kelley 27.91 

H.  Stelling   8.70 

J.  A.  Ferguson 6.75 

R.  R.  Randall 33.75 

C.  R.  Harken 14.71 

L.    A.    Canfield 18.45 

E.  L.  Kauffman,  labor  at  $2  a  day 12.00 

Frank  Russell,  labor  at  $2  a  day 4.00 

(James  Russell,  labor  at  $2  a  day 10.00 

Honorah  O'Connell,,  washing 39.34 

Hummer  Mercantile  Co.,  supplies 7.26 

77 


Firemen's  Pay  Boll. 

H.  Pennenbacker,  engineer  at  power  house,  at  $75  a  month.  .  $900.00 

W.  T.  Johnson,  fireman  at  power  house  at  $55  a  month 660.00 

G'A'  Walker,  fireman  at  power  house,  September,  1904,  to 

June  1,  1905,  10  months  at  $50 500.00 

Pat  Burke,  fireman  at  power  house,  6  months,  10  days,  between 

September  and  May,  at  $50  a  month 318.67 

Joe  A  Jenks,  fireman  at  power  house,  October  and  November, 

1904,  at    $50     100.00 

Joe   Kendall,  fireman  at  power  house,   December   to  June,    7 

months,  at  $45 ' 315.00 

P.  Fowler,  fireman  at  power  house,  4  months,  4  days,  between 

November,  1904,  and  April,  1905,  at  $45 188.00 

Joe  Erb,  fireman  at  power  house,  Dec.  15,  1904,  to  March  4, 

1905,  2  months,  19  days,  at  $45 118.50 

James  Klema,  fireman,  Chemical  Laboratory  and  Homeopathic 

Hospital,  October,  1904,  to  June,  1905,  9  months  at  $45.  .  405.00 
Harry  Klema,  fireman,  Chemical  Laboratory  and  Homeopathic 

Hospital,  Oct.  29,  1904,  to  March  31,  1905,  5  months,  2 

days,  at  $40 204.00 

Win.  Baughman,  fireman  at  University  Hospital,  Sept.  11,  1904, 

to  May,  31,  1905,  8§  months,  at  $45 390.00 

Frank  Flood,  fireman,  University  Hospital,  October,  1904,  to 

June,  1905,  9  months,  at  $40 360.00 

George  Klema,  extra  fireman  at  Chemical  Laboratory  and 

Homeopathic  Hospital,  4  nights  at  $2,  $8.00;  labor  at  boiler 

house,  $6.00 14.00 

Herman  Bogs,  labor  in  boiler  house  in  January,  1905 8.89 

University  Hospital  Pay  Roll. 

Antonia  Epeneter,  superintendent,  July,  at  $50 $   50.00 

Bertha  Wilkinson,  superintendent,  August,  1904,  to  June,  1905, 

3  months  at  $60,  8  months  at  $65 700.00 

Lola  Douglas,  matron,  July,  1904,  at  $30 30.00 

Bertha  B.  Quaintance,  matron,  August  and  5  days  in  Septem- 
ber,   at   $45 54.00 

Jeanne  Loizeaux,  matron,  September  26,  1904,  to  May  31,  1905, 

8  months  plus,  at  $20 163.32 

Anna  Slater,  matron,  June,  1905,  at  $30 30.00 

Marian  Fidlar,  head  nurse,  October  22,  1904,  to  June  30,  1905, 

,8  months  plus,  at  $40    324.30 

Candace  Somes,  3d  year  nurse,  2i  months,  at  $10 25.00 

Nancy  Leseuer,  3d  year  nurse,  2  months,  8  days,  at  $10 22.55 

Sarah  Mahood,  3d  year  nurse,  7  J  months,  at  $10 75.00 

Lutie  De  Garmo,  3d  year  nurse,  8*  months  at  $10 82.50 

Pearl  Millard,  2 d  year  nurse,  2  months,  at  $8;   3d  year  nurse, 

10  months,  at  $10 116.00 

Margaret  Erickson,  2d  year  nurse,  5  months,  at  $8;   3d  year 

78 


nurse,  7  months,  at  $10 110.00 

Regina  Rooney,  2d  year  nurse,  8  months,  at  $8;  3d  year  nurse, 

4  months,  at  $10 104.00 

Leta  Lins,  2d  year  nurse,  9  months,  at  $8;    3d  year  nurse,  3 

months,  at  $10 102.00 

Laura  Everett  (Natson),  1st  year  nurse,  2  months,  at  $5 10.00 

Rena  Myers,  1st  year  nurse,  2  months,  at  $5;  2d  year  nurse,  9 

months,  at  $8;  1  month,  at  $7 89.00 

Mae  Robertson,  1st  year  nurse,  4  months,  at  $5;  2d  year  nurse, 

7  months,  at  $8;  1  month,  at  $7 83.00 

Troutti  Horton,  1st  year  nurse,  6|  month,  at  $5 32.50 

Isabel  Broadie,  1st  year  nurse,  7  months  (from  June,  1  to  Dec. 

31,  1904),  at  $5;  2d  year  nurse,  5  months,  at  $8;  1  month, 

at    $7 82.00 

Note. — A  "1st  year"  nurse  is  one  in  the  first  year  of  her  course 

in  the  nurses'  training  school;   a  "2d  year"  nurse,  one  in  the  second 

year;  and  a  "3d  year"  nurse,  one  in  the  third  year.     The  rate  of  pay 
for  2d  year  nurses  was  changed  June  1,  1905,  from  $8  a  month 
to  $7  a  month. 

Bertha  Seeds,  1st  year  nurse,  9|  months,  plus,  at  $5 47.84 

Mary  Rjish,  1st  year  nurse,  November  3,  1904,  to  June  30,  1905, 

at  $5 39.67 

Mary  Hamilton,  1st  year  nurse,  8  months,  at  $5 40.00 

Marie  Murdock,  1st  year  nurse,  7|  months,  at  $5 37.50 

Agnes  Metcalf,  1st  year  nurse,  November  19,  1904,  to  June  30, 

1905,  at  $5  a  month    .  .^ 36.82 

Dolorosa  Everett,  1st  year  nurse,  51  months,  at  $5 28.75 

Ida  Miller,  1st  year  nurse,  4  months,  plus,  at  $5 20.17 

Jennie  Switzer,  1st  year  nurse,  3  J  months,  at  $5 17.50 

Edna  Curtis,  1st  year  nurse,  3|  months,  at  $5 17.50 

Osabel  Coe,  1st  year  nurse,  21  months,  at  $5 .  .  .  .  ; 13.75 

Lola  Lauer,  1st  year  nurse,  1  month,  26  days,  at  $5 9.35 

Flora  McCammon.  1st  year  nurse,  1  month,  21  days,  at  $5 8.50 

Rose  Crowley,  1st  year  nurse,  part  of  1  month 2.15 

Machio  Takeuchi,  cleaner,  at  $30  a  month 360.00 

Margaret  Connell,  cook,  June  15,  to  Oct.  12,  at  $30 117.00 

Mrs.  Predericka  Ricke,  cook,  Oct.  13  to  Oct.  31,  1904,  at  $30.  .  18.00 

Nellie  Pfeifer,  cook,  November  1,  1904.  to  June  15,  1905 225.00 

Hattie  Bolton,  laundress,  2  months,  22  days,  at  $30,  and  extra 

work    96.00 

Jenny  Bell,  laundress,  at  $1  a  day,  26  days,  and  extra  work.  .  29.90 

Mrs.  Rowe,  laundress,  by  the  hour 174.60 

Chum  Ling,  laundryman,  at  $40  a  month 56.24 

May  Gibson,  laundress,  at  $30  a  month,  7  days .  7.00 

Mrs.  Jas.  Evans,  laundress  and  cleaner,  14  days  at  $1 14.00 

May  Fisher,  laundress,  92  days,  at  $1 92.00 

Mrs.  McKinley,  laundress,  155  days,  at  $1 155.00 

Mrs.  Day,  laundress,  18  days  at  $1 18.00 

Mrs.  Long,  laundress,  3  days,  at  $1 3.00 

79 


Lilly  Connell,  maid,  June  15  to  Oct.  12,  1904,  at  $12 46.80 

Agnes  Olney,  maid,  4  months  at  $12 48.00 

Julia  Brennan,  maid,  2  months,  at  $12 24.00 

Anna  Zaruba,  maid,  3  months,  plus,  at  $15 49.50 

Mary  Barcus,  maid,  about  1 J  months  at  $12 17.20 

Celia  Nieder,  maid,  Feb.  6  to  April  1,  1905,  at  $12 22.00 

Mary  Olney,  maid,  1  month,  at  $12 12.00 

Bertha  Hanson,  maid,  IS  months,  at  $12 16.00 

Louise  Meyer,  maid,  22  days,  at  $12  a  month 8.86 

Willette  Shadeler,  maid,   9  months,  plus,   at  $12 110.80 

Allie  Peterson,  maid,  2§  months,  at  $12 32.00 

Clara  King,  maid,  9  days,  at  $12*  a  month 3.60 

Lottie  Wells,  maid,  Sept.  26  to  Nov.  2,  1904,  at  $12 14.80 

Vera  Johnson,  maid,  Sept.  26,  1904,  to  Mar.  5,  1905,  at  $13.  .  .  67.37 

Hazel  Davis,  maid,  Mar.  8  to  June  15,  1905,  at  $12 38.80 

Irene  Shaedeler,  maid,  about  21  months,  at  $13 36.13 

Nellie  Price,  maid,  Feb.  28,  to  April  2,  1905,  at  $12 13.20 

Gertie  Punkople,  maid,   17   days,   at   $12 6.80 

Anna  King,  maid,  17  days,  at  $12  a  month 6.80 

Mrs.   Belle  Brown,  maid,   Mar.    27  to  April   15,   1905,  at   $15 

a  month    9.50 

Marie  Soderland,  maid,  part  of  1  month,  at  $12  a  month •   11.60 

Mrs.  Anna  Cook,  kitchen  maid,  1£  months,  at  $15 22.50 

May  Graham,  maid,  May  27  to  June  15,  1905,  at  $12 8.00 

Blanche  Rogers,  kitchen  maid,  4J  months,  at  $12 52.00 

Kittle  Evans,  help  in  kitchen,  50  days,  at  $1 50.00 

Mrs.  McRaith,  cleaner,  5  days,  at  $1 5.00 

Mrs.  Budreau,  cleaner,  paid  by  the  hour 6.00 

Mrs.  Barylak,  cleaner,  paid  by  the  hour 13.00 

Frace  Bond,  sewing,  18  days,  at  $1 18.00 

Miss  Scott,  sewing,  1  week 7.00 

Mrs.  Jager,  canning  fruit,  cleaning,  etc.,  108  days,  plus,  at  $1.  .  108.40 

Homeopathic  Hospital  Pay  Boll. 

Elva  M.  Dunham,  superintendent,  11  \  months,  at  $50 $575.00 

Alice  C.  Beatle,  superintendent,  J  month,  at  $50 25.00 

Charlotte  A.  Rhodes,  3d  year  nurse,  1  month,  at  $10 10.00 

M.  Fern  Williams,  3d  year  nurse,  4  months,  at  $10 40.00 

Orah  M.  Gates,  2d  year  nurse,  1  month,  at  $8;  3d  year  nurse, 

10J  months,  at  $10 113.00 

Sarah  B.  Clark,  2d  year  nurse,  3  months  at  $8;  3d  year  nurse, 

8 i  months,  at  $10 109.00 

Susan  Engeldinger,  2d  year  nurse,  5  months,  at  $8;  3d  year 

nurse,  6 J  months,  at  $10 105.00 

Sadie  Trier,  2d  year  nurse,  8  months,  at  $8;  3d  year  nurse,  4 

months,  at  $10 104.00 

Harriette  E.  Rich,  8  months,  at  $8;  3d  year  nurse,  4  months, 

at  $10 104.00 


Elsie  M.  Dunham,  2d  year  nurse,  10  months,  at  $8;   3d  year 

nurse,  2  months,  at  $10 100. OC 

Ethel  L.  Dunham,  2d  year  nurse,  1  month,  at  $8 

Mabel  King,  2d  year  nurse,  1  month,  at  $8 

Ralpha  Moyer,  2d  year  nurse,  1  month,  at  $8 

Sue  R.  Denne,  1st  year  nurse,  3  months,  at  $5;  2d  year  nurse, 

9  months,  at  $8 -      87-°° 

Viola  Seibert,  1st  year  nurse,  7  months,  at  $5;  2d  year  nurse,  5 

months,  at  $8 75-°° 

Cora  Truax,  help,   8  months,  at  $8 64.00 

Mrs.  Ritta  Spreng,  help,  Oct.  25  to  Nov.  14,  1904 13.50 

Ella  Wilkinson,  help,  December  to  March,  part  time 38.00 

Nora  Kennedy,  help,  2  months,  at  $12 24.00 

Mrs.  Floyd  Bott,  help,  parts  of  2  months 20.00 

Missie  Havard,  help,  2  months,  at  $12 24.00 

Ella  O'Connell,  cook,  at  $20  a  month,  and  extra  work 244.00 

Mrs.  Ellen  Thompson,  laundress 337.85 

The  foregoing  tables  and  statements  have  been  compiled  from 
statements  made  to  the  committee  by  Secretary  McChesney,  of  date, 
July  31,  1905,  August  17,  1905,  August  19,  1905,  and  November  13, 
1905.  His  said  statements  are  now  on  file  in  the  office  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  State. 

IOWA  STATE  COLLEGE  OP  AGRICULTURE  AND  MECHANIC  ARTS. 

Management. — The  college  shall-  be  under  the  management  and 
control  of  a  board  of  trustees,  but  neither  the  president  nor  other 
officer  or  employe  of  the  college  and  farm  shall  be  eligible  to  member- 
ship therein. 

Code,  Sec.  2646. 

Board  of  Trustees — Powers. — The  board  of  trustees  shall  have 
power: 

1.  To  elect  a  chairman  from   their  number,   a  president  of  the 
college,   secretary,  treasurer,   professors  and   other  teachers,   superin- 
tendents of  departments,   steward,' librarian,   and   such  other  officers 
as  may  be  required  for  the  transaction  of  its  business,  fix  the  salaries 
of  officers,   prescribe  their  duties   and  appoint   substitutes  who   shall 
discharge  the  duties  of  such  officers  in  their  absence; 

2.  To  manage  and  control  the^  property  of  the  college  and  farm, 
whether  real  or  personal; 

3.  To  arrange  courses  of  study  and  practice  and  establish  pro- 
fessorships, as  may  seem  best  to  carry  into  effect  the  provisions  of 
this  chapter,  and  precribe  conditions  of  admission  to  the  college; 

4.  To  grant  diplomas  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  faculty  to 
any  students  who  have  completed  any  of  the  courses  of  study  prescribed 
by  it,  or  an  equivalent  thereof; 

5.  To  remove  any  officer  by  a  majority  vote  of  all  its  members. 

6.  To  direct  the  expenditure  of  all  the  appropriations  the  general 
assembly  shall  from  time  to  time  make  to  said  college  and  farm,  and 

81 


the  income  arising  from  the  congressional  grants  and  all  other  sources; 

7.  To  keep  a  full  and  complete  record  of  their  proceedings,  and 
to  do  such  other  acts  as  are  necessary  to  carry  out  the  intent  of  this 
chapter. 

8.  To  institute  and  prosecute  to  final  judgment  any  action  found 
necessary  for  the  protection  of  the  property  intrusted  to  their  care. 

Code,  Sec.   2647. 

Auditing  Committee. — The  president  and  secretary  shall  consti- 
tute an  auditing  committee,  which,  subject  to  the  rules  of  the  board 
of  trustees,  shall  examine  and  audit  all  bills  presented  for  payment 
for  which  an  appropriation  has  been  made,  and  a  minute  of  such 
auditing  shall  be  endorsed  upon  each  bill  and  signed  by  both  members 
of  such  committee.  No  bill  shall  be  paid  without  such  joint  endorse- 
ment, unless  allowed  by  the  board.  It  shall  examine  the  treasurer's 
books  and  vouchers  monthly  and  at  such  other  times  as  it  shall  consider 
necessary,  and  all  its  proceedings  shall  be  reported  by  the  secretary  to 
the  board  at  its  next  meeting. 
Code.  Sec.  2653. 

Same. — The  rules  of  the  board  provide: 

1.  The  board   of  audit  shall  not  approve   any  bill  presented  for 
allowance  unless  the  same  shall  contain  the  date  at  which  the  goods 
were  purchased  or  the  service  rendered,  and  such  full  and  itemized 
statement  of  the   subject  matter  as   will   furnish  the   board  of  audit 
and    the    board    of    trustees    sufficient    grounds    for    determining    the 
propriety  of  allowing  or  disallowing  the  claim. 

2.  No  bill  shall  be  approved  or  allowed  which  is  not  made  out  by 
the  firm  or  person  to  whom  the  account  is  due  (labor  bills  excepted). 

3.  All   bills   for   telegraph   service   paid   by  the   college   shall   be 
accompanied  by  a  certified  copy  of  the  message. 

4.  All   bills   in  favor   of  professors,   trustees,   teachers,    or   other 
officers  of  the  institution  shall  be  presented  to  the  board  of  trustees 
and  allowed  by  them  previous  to  payment. 

5.  Lecturers  before   college  departments   shall   not  be   employed 
except  with  the  approval  of  the  president,  and  bills  for  the  same  shall 
be  presented  to  the  board  of  trustees  for  audit.     (See  printed  compila- 
tion  of   laws    and   rules    (1905)    as   prepared    by    Secretary    Stanton, 
page   68.) 

It  also  appears  from  the  testimony  of  Secretary  Stanton  that  all 
bills  are  certified  as  correct  by  the  respective  heads  of  departments 
before  they  are  presented  to  the  board  of  audit.  (Transcript,  56.) 

Ques.  Are  bills  that  are  passed  upon  by  the  auditing  committee 
afterwards  approved  by  the  board  of  trustees? 

Secretary  Stanton:  In  a  general  way,  yes.  The  board  committee 
which  settles  with  the  treasurer  examines,  as  already  stated,  the 
receipted  bills  in  the  hands  of  the  treasurer  and  reports  upon  them 
to  the  board.  The  bills  for  the  year  are  so  numerous  that  it  is  im- 
possible for  the  committee  to  give  each  one  a  minute  examination. 
They  do,  however,  examine  carefully  a  large  number  of  them  and 
thus  get  a  good  idea  of  the  general  character  of  all.  (Transcript,  57.) 


Secretary. — The  secretary  shall  keep  a  record  of  the  proceedings 
of  the  board,  and  all  documents  and  papers  connected  with  the  office, 
and  conduct  the  correspondence.  All  acts  of  the  board  relating  to  the 
management,  disposition  or  use  of  the  lands,  funds  or  other  property 
of  the  institution  shall  be  entered  of  record,  and  show  how  each 
member  voted  upon  each  proposition.  He  shall  also  prepare  the  bien- 
nial report  of  the  board  to  the  governor;  and  report  to  the  executive 
council  annually,  and  at  such  other  times  as  may  be  required  by  it, 
all  loans  made  since  his  last  report  to  it;  and  also,  to  the  board,  all 
loans  made  since  its  last  meeting,  unless  otherwise  ordered;  but  such 
reports  must  be  made  at  least  quarterly.  Upon  the  election  of  any 
person  to  any  office  under  the  board,  he  shall  give  notice  thereof  to 
the  secretary  of  state.  He  shall  also  keep  an  account  with  the  treas- 
urer, charging  him  with  all  money  paid  him,  and  crediting  him  with 
the  amounts  paid  out  upon  the  order  of  the  board  of  audit,  which 
account  shall  be  balanced  monthly. 
Code,  Sec.  2652. 

Same. — In  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  the  Code  the  secretary's 
office  has  developed  into  a  sort  of  auditing  or  accounting  office  in 
which  an  account  is  kept  with  the  different  college  funds.  There  is 
no  financial  transaction  connected  with  the  institution,  a  record  of 
which  is  not  made  in  this  office.  The  secretary  handles  no  money 
whatever,  but  keeps  an  account  with  the  different  financial  officers 
and  with  the  information  thus  obtained  is  prepared  to  report  to  the 
board  of  trustees  at  any  time  the  exact  financial  condition  of  the 
college. 

The  secretary  keeps  a  record  of  the  proceedings  of  the  board  con- 
ducts its  correspondence,  prepares  the  financial  part  of  the  biennial 
report  to  the  governor  makes  to  the  executive  council  an  itemized 
statement  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  institution  in  all  its 
departments,  reports  all  items  of  income  to  the  general  assembly,  has 
charge  of  contracts  and  bonds,  and  is  chairman  of  the  purchasing 
committee  having  charge  of  all  purchases  for  the  institution.  (Secre- 
tary Stanton,  Transcript,  1.) 

When  a  loan  is  complete  the  papers  connected  therewith  are 
forwarded  to  the  secretary  of  the  board  who  enters  an  abstract  of 
the  same  in  his  loan  register  and  then  forwards  the  papers  to  the 
state  treasurer.  All  releases  of  mortgages  are  signed  by  the  secretary 
and  the  chairman  of  the  board  of  trustees.  The  state  treasurer  reports 
to  the  secretary  of  the  board  at  the  end  of  each  month  the  interest 
collected  during  that  month.  The  secretary  enters  the  proper  credits 
on  his  loan  register  and  is  thus  enabled  to  keep  an  exact  account  with 
each  loan. 

The  books  of  my  office  will  show  at  any  time: 

1.  The  cash  in  the  hands  of  the  financial  agent  awaiting  payment 
to  the  borrowers. 

2.  The  endowment  fund,  cash  and  bonds  in  the  hands  of  the  state 
treasurer. 

3.  The  condition  of  each  loan. 


The  secretary's  office  as  you  thus  see  is  a  complete  check  upon  the 
financial  agent  and  state  treasurer.  Any  failure  for  instance  of  the 
treasurer  to  account  for  interest  collected  will  cause  the  loan  to  show 
on  the  secretary's  book  as  delinquent  and  lead  to  its  being  reported 
for  foreclosure.  (Secretary  Stanton,  Transcript,  16-17.) 

Treasurer. — The  treasurer  shall  receive  and  keep  all  notes  and 
other  evidence  of  indebtedness,  contracts,  and  money  arising  from  the 
income  of  the  congressional  grant,  apropriations  of  the  general  assem- 
bly, sales  of  the  products  of  the  farm,  payments  by  students,  and  all 
other  sources,  and  pay  out  the  same  upon  bills  for  which  appropriation 
has  been  made,  when  audited  as  above  prescribed,  and  retain  such  bills 
with  receipts  for  their  payment  as  his  vouchers.  He  shall  keep  an 
accurate  account  of  the  revenue  and  expenditures  of  the  college  from 
all  source?,  so  that  the  receipts  and  disbursements  of  each  of  its 
several  departments  shall  be  apparent  at  all  times,  and  report  to  the 
board  of  trustees  at  their  annual  meeting  and  such  other  times  as 
they  may  direct.  He  shall  execute  duplicate  receipts  for  all  money 
received  by  him,  specifying  the  source  and  the  fund  to  which  it  belongs, 
one  of  which  must  be  filed  with  the  secretary,  and  no  receipt  shall  be 
valid  unless  the  duplicate  is  so  filed.  He  shall  be  elected  annually, 
and  give  bond  in  double  the  highest  amount  of  money  likely  to  be  in 
his  hands  at  any  one  time,  which  bond  shall  be  filed  with  and  the 
sureties  thereon  approved  by  the  secretary  of  state.  He  may  appoint 
a  deputy,  who  shall  receive  such  compensation  as  the  board  of  trustees 
shall  fix,  and  for  whose  acts  he  shall  be  responsible  on  his  official  bond. 
Code,  Sec.  2654. 

The  Treasurer's  Department. — As  treasurer,  I  receive  and  receipt 
for  all  money  arising  from  the  income  of  the  endowment  fund;  ap- 
propriations of  the  general  assembly;  sales  of  the  products  of  the  farm, 
creamery,  experiment  station  and  other  departments;  payments  by 
students  of  room  rent,  hospital  and  laboratory  fees,  fires  and  lights 
and  other  charges;  and  for  money  arising  from  all  other  sources. 

In  receipting  for  this  money  Section  2654  of 'the  Code  of  Iowa 
reads  as  follows:  "He  shall  execute  duplicate  receipts  for  all  money 
received  by  him,  specifying  the  source  and  the  fund  to  which  it 
belongs;  one  of  which  must  be  filed  with  the  secretary  and  no  receipts 
shall  be  valid  unless  the  duplicate  is  so  filed." 

The  treasurer's  office  receives  from  the  board  of  audit,  daily, 
vouchers  which  are  charged  to  the  treasurer  on  the  auditor's  books. 
These  vouchers  being  ready  for  payment  are  at  once  handed  to  the 
bookkeeper,  who  carefully  marks  on  the  outside  of  the  voucher,  under 
the  auditor's  names,  the  account  to  which  they  shall  be  charged.  The 
treasurer  then  personally  examines  each  bill;  first,  to  see  that  the 
account  is  correctly  marked  according  to  the  specification  of  the  board 
of  audit;  second,  to  determine  what  method  shall  be  pursued  in  paying 
the  same;  third,  to  see  that  he  understands  the  item  and  discounts. 
(Statement  of  Treasurer  Knapp,  page  1.) 

Method  of  Paying  Vouchers. — The  general  labor  bills  and  pay  rolls 
are  paid  direct  over  the  counter  in  cash  or  check,  the  individual  to- 
st 


whom  they  are  due  receipting  the  vouchers  in  the  presence  of  the 
cashier.  The  cash  paid  at  the  counter  amounts  on  these  vouchers  to 
about  $150,000  annually. 

Chicago  and  New  York  drafts  are  purchased  for  bills  which  we 
owe  to  persons  not  residing  in  Ames  or  vicinity.  These  drafts  are 
furnished  free  of  exchange  to  the  college.  With  every  draft  is  sent  a 
letter  of  remittance  and  a  blank  receipt  for  the  party  to  use  in  receipt- 
ing to  the  college  for  the  amount.  These  receipts  are  checked  back 
on  the  draft  register  so  as  to  keep  track  of  the  fact  that  they  are  all 
returned  and  attached  to  the  voucher  to  which  they  belong. 

The  bills  due  the  merchants  in  Ames  are  paid  through  the  Union 
National  Bank,  allowing  each  merchant  the  privilege  of  taking  his 
bill  to  his  place  of  business,  carefully  examining  the  same,  placing  the 
credits  on  his  books  and  returning  it  to  the  bank  for  payment.  These 
bills  are  then  carefully  examined  by  the  treasurer  and  a  check  against 
the  college  funds  is  given  to  the  bank  in  payment  for  the  same. 

The  method  of  payment  of  bills  due  from  one  department  to  an- 
other will  be  explained  more  minutely  under  the  system  of  collections. 

The  money  for  the  college  freight  is  advanced  by  the  Union  Na- 
tional Bank  to  the  Chicago  Northwestern  as  soon  as  the  bill  has  been 
certified  to  by  the  drayman.  The  college,  however,  does  not  become 
personally  responsible  to  the  bank  for  the  payment  of  any  bill  which 
should  not  legitimately  be  charged  against  the  college  accounts.  The 
bank  loans  to  the  treasurer  all  of  the  freight  vouchers;  the  treasurer 
sends  to  each  department  an  itemized  statement  of  its  freight  bills  for 
the  month.  These  itemized  statements  are  signed  correct  by  the  heads 
of  the  departments,  sent  through  the  board  of  audit  and  audited  in 
the  regular  way  and  then  the  voucher  signed  by  the  agent  of  the 
Northwestern  Railway  is  attached  to  the  bill  as  a  receipt;  the  money 
being  paid  back  to  the  Union  National  Bank  at  this  time. 

Everything  which  relates  to  the  payment  of  bills  and  vouchers  by 
the  treasurer  of  this  college  is  so  adjusted  as  to  strictly  conform  to 
the  law  that  no  voucher  shall  be  paid  until  it  has  been  -properly  audited 
according  to  Section  2653  of  the  Code  of  Iowa. 

System  of  Bookkeeping. — We  have,  in  this  office,  a  system  of  three 
general  ledgers.  The  first  covers  all  of  the  general  college  accounts, 
including  the  income  and  expenditures.  The  second  ledger  covers 
the  income  and  expenditures  of  the  experiment  station.  The  third 
covers  the  income  and  expenditures  of  the  fires,  lights,  and  incidentals, 
and  hospital  accounts.  The  system  of  bookkeeping  might  be  described 
as  a  cash  book,  journal,  and  ledger,  combined  in  one  ledger.  The  day 
book  entry  is  the  voucher.  Each  voucher  is  posted  once  to  cash 
and  then  to  the  department  to  which  it  is  to  be  charged;  the  vouchers 
being  filed  so  that  those  for  the  different  departments  are  independent 
of  each  other.  The  head  of  the  farm  department  or  of  any  other 
department  can  examine  all  of  his  expenditures  for  a  year  or  part  of 
a  year  without  being  required  to  handle  more  than  the  exact  vouchers 
which  belong  to  his  account.  The  books  and  vouchers  of  the  treasurer's 
office  are  checked  monthly  with  the  board  of  audit  and  the  board  of 

85 


trustees  make  settlement  with  the  treasurer  at  the  close  of  each  fiscal 
year.  After  each  monthly  settlement  with  the  board  of  audit  the 
treasurer  mails  to  each  head  of  department  a  statement  of  the  bills 
which  he  has  paid  for  that  department  during  the  month.  This  enables 
the  head  of  the  department  to  check  his  account  the  same  as  a  private 
individual  would  check  his  bank  account.  The  head  of  the  department 
has  kept  a  statement  of  each  bill  which  he  has  sent  to  the  board  of 
audit  to  be  charged  to  his  department.  The  board  of  audit  has  audited 
that  bill,  has  sent  it  to  the  treasurer,  the. treasurer  has  paid  the  same 
and  has  rendered  back  to  the  head  of  the  department  a  statement 
that  it  has  been  paid.  The  head  of  the  department  can  check  this 
against  his  statement  of  the  bills  sen't  to  the  board  of  audit,  and  adding 
the  unpaid  bills  to  the  treasurer's  balance  should  give  the  balance 
on  the  department  books.  This  enables  the  head  of  each  department 
to  monthly  check  the  treasurer  in  addition  to  the  checking  which  he 
receives  from  the  board  of  audit.  This  system  of  checking  is  not 
required  by  law  but  has  been  found  to  be  a  good  thing  in  practice. 

How  Income  is  Drawn. — In  drawing  our  income  funds,  all  money 
appropriated  by  the  state  to  the  college  is  drawn  on  requisitions,  signed 
by  the  chairman  and  secretary  of  the  board  of  trustees,  requesting  the 
auditor  of  state  to  issue  a  warrant  to  the  treasurer  of  the  college  for 
the  sum  desired  and  specifying  under  what  law  or  act  of  the  genera! 
assembly  this  warrant  is  to  be  issued  and  under  what  particular  item 
of  the  act.  A  copy  of  this  requisition  is  furnished  and  filed  with  the 
chairman  of  the  board  of  trustees.  The  board  of  control,  in  checking 
the  accounts  of  the  treasurer's  office  have  heretofore  been  furnished 
an  itemized  list  of  the  warrants  issued  by  the  auditor  of  state.  These 
have  been  checked  with  the  treasurer's  books  and  up  to  this  date  have 
been  found  correct,  the  treasurer  having  charged  himself  with  the 
proper  amount  of  money  as  received  from  the  state  auditor.  The 
treasurer  also  issues  the  customary  receipts  for  these  warrants,  which 
are  countersigned  by  the  secretary  of  the  board  of  trustees. 

The  money  received  from  the  state  of  Iowa  for  buildings  and  re- 
pairs is  drawn  under  Section  109  and  110,  Code  of  Iowa. 

Money  received  from  the  United  States  Government  comes  in  two 
ways.  The  annual  appropriation  under  the  Morrill  Act  is  remitted  by 
the  United  States  Treasurer  to  the  state  treasurer  and  drawn  by  the 
college  treasurer  from  the  state  treasurer  by  means  of  sight  drafts,  to 
which  the  college  treasurer  is  obliged  to  attach  his  receipt,  properly 
countersigned  by  the  secretary  of  the  board  of  trustees. 

The  money  from  the  United  State  Government  for  the  experiment 
stations  is  received  in  a  quarterly  warrant  of  $3,750  direct  from  the 
United  States  Treasurer  to  the  college  treasurer.  For  this  warrant 
the  customary  receipt  is  issued,  countersigned  by  the  secretary.  For 
the  collection  of  this  annual  amount  for  the  experiment  station  the 
treasurer  is  required  to  furnish  certificate  under  seal  of  the  state  of 
Iowa,  to  the  assistant  treasurer  of  the  United  States  at  Chicago,  show- 
ing that  he  has  been  duly  elected  by  the  board  of  trustees  and  has 
filed  his  bond  with  the  secretary  of  state  and  that  the  bond  has  been 

86 


approved.  This  certificate  is  required  each  year  before  the  payment 
of  the  warrant  on  October  1st.  The  experiment  station  accounts  are 
inspected  annually  by  a  special  inspector  sent  out  by  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture  for  the  purpose  of  inspecting  the  different 
experiment  stations  of  the  United  States.  The  experiment  station  books 
are  required  to  be  so  kept  as  to  make  a  distinct  and  separate  showing 
of  the  expenditures  of  the  $15,000  appropriated  to  the  experiment 
station  by  the  United  States  Government.  A  report  of  the  expendi- 
tures of  all  funds  connected  with  the  experiment  station  including 
the  part  furnished  by  the  state  is  required  by  the  United  States  De- 
partment of  Agriculture,  annually  before  the  first  of  September. 

An  annual  report  of  the  expenditures  under  the  Morrill  Act  is  re- 
quired by  the  department  of  the  interior,  on  or  before  the  first  of 
September. 

An  annual  report  of  all  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  office 
is  filed  with  the  board  of  trustees  at  their  annual  meeting  in  July  and 
such  other  reports  and  showings  of  the  accounts  as  are,  from  time 
to  time,  required  by  different  committees  and  departments.  The 
treasurer  also  holds  himself  in  readiness  at  any  time  to  check  any 
statements  or  settle  whether  bills  have  been  paid  by  the  departments 
or  whether  accounts  rendered  by  certain  firms  and  individuals  are  true 
and  correct  according  to  the  statements  which  have  been  rendered  by 
the  college. 

System  of  Collection. — Some  fifteen  years  ago  there  was  established 
in  the  treasurer's  office,  a  system  founded  upon  Rule  21,  page  71  of  the 
College  Rules  and  Regulations,  which  reads  as  follows:  "The  Heads 
of  all  departments  shall  certify  to  the  treasurer  on  or  before  the  first 
day  of  each  month  all  charges  against  students  or  patrons  which  have 
not  already  been  reported.  The  accounts  against  students  shall  be 
collected  by  the  treasurer.  All  accounts  against  patrons  shall  be  col- 
lected by  the  treasurer,  who  shall  certify  all  such  payments  back  to  the 
officer  from  whom  the  charge  or  account  came."  This  department  is 
also  made  use  of  for  the  charges  of  one  department  against  another. 
During  the  last  year  the  total  collections  made  through  this  office 
numbered  four  thousand  and  two  hundred  fifty.  The  moment  the  col- 
lections are  received  from  the  heads  of  departments  they  are  booked 
in  the  Collection  Register  and  a  card  made  out  for  each  item.  These 
cards  are  filed  alphabetically  and  show  who  owes  the  account,  an  item- 
ized statement  of  the  amount  of  the  bill,  and  to  what  department  it 
shall  be  credited  when  collected.  These  cards  are  placed  in  a  card 
catalogue  so  that  the  cashier  at  the  counter  at  any  moment  can  de- 
termine the  entire  amount  which  each  department  or  individual  owes 
the  college.  The  moment  these  amounts  are  paid,  the  card  is  re- 
moved from  this  division  of  the  card  catalogue,  stamped  paid,  used  in 
determining  the  cash  balance  that  night,  and  then  posted  to  the  ac- 
count of  the  collection  register  and  from  these  cards  and  the  register  a 
cash  report  is  drawn  semi-monthly  in  duplicate  and  sent  to  the  head 
of  the  department  to  be  certified.  The  head  of  the  department  signs 
the  original  and  returns  it  to  the  treasurer,  keeping  the  duplicate  on 

87 


file  in  his  office.  The  amount  of  the  cash  report  is  then  charged  off 
the  collection  register  and  a  regular  monthly  receipt  is  issued  to  the 
head  of  the  department  for  the  amount  of  the  cash  report  and  the 
amount  is  credited  to  the  department  to  which  the  sales  belong.  Each 
department  can  determine  which  accounts  are  unpaid,  and  if  necessary 
to  force  a  collection,  he  can  join  with  the  treasurer  in  determining  what 
is  the  best  method  of  procedure.  This  method  also  prevents  the  cred- 
iting up  of  uncollectable  accounts  and  makes  the  head  of  the  depart- 
ment very  careful  against  whom  he  allows  charges  to  be  made. 

The  treasurer  also  stands  ready  to  advise  with  the  heads  of  depart- 
ments as  to  persons  who  are  slow  in  payment  and  thus  to  avoid  bad 
accounts.  A  trial  balance  is  taken  monthly  on  this  account  which 
is  checked  with  the  heads  of  departments  to  see  that  their  accounts 
and  the  accounts  of  the  treasurer  in  regard  to  collections  always  agree. 
It  will  readily  be  seen  that  this  system  places  the  head  of  a  depart- 
ment and  the  treasurer  in  close  touch  with  each  other  in  regard  to 
these  collections  and  that  it  requires  all  moneys  to  pass  through  the 
hands  of  the  treasurer  who  is  a  bonded  officer.  (Statement  of  Treas- 
urer Knapp,  pages  2-7.) 

Department  Appropriations  and  Their  Expenditure. — The  following 
rules  of  the  board  apply  to  department  appropriations  and  their  ex- 
penditure: 

1.  The  general  policy  of  the  expenditure  of  appropriations  shall 
be  determined  upon  consultation  with  the  president.     The  work  of  all 
departments  shall  be  under  his  general  direction,  and  control,  and  he  is 
authorized,  at  his  discretion,  to  dispense  with  the  services  of  persons 
employed  by  the  college  other  than  those  directly  appointed  by  the 
board  of  trustees. 

2.  All  assistants  shall  be  employed  by  the  president,  on  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  heads  of  the  various  departments,  and  shall  be  respon- 
sible to  the  heads  of  the  departments,  and  finally  to  the  president.  All 
other  employes  shall  be  employed  with  the  approval  of  the  president, 
and  are  made  finally  responsible  to  him. 

3.  When  any  unsual  expenditure  is  contemplated  the  head  of  the 
department  shall  counsel  with  the  committee  of  audit  before  the  ex- 
penditure is  incurred. 

4.  Repairs  and  improvements  of  the  heating,  lighting,  water  and 
plumbing  systems  shall  be  under  the  charge  of  the  superintendent  of 
the  fires  and  lights  department;  the  sewerage  and  drainage  of  the  col- 
lege buildings,  excepting  farm  barns,  shall  be  under  the  supervision 
and  charge  of  the  college  engineer  in  consultation  with  the  health  of- 
ficer;   other   repairs   and   minor   improvements   of   buildings   shall    be 
under  the  charge  of  the  custodian  of  the  buildings  and  grounds. 

5.  When   appropriations  are  made  to   departments   for  improve- 
ments other  than  on  buildings,  no  part  of  such  improvements  that  have 
or  can  be  made  or  carried  on  by  the  regular  force  or  employes  of  such 
department  shall  be  charged  to  such  appropriation. 

6.  Purchases  for  departments  shall  be  billed  against  the  college 

N 


and  in  no  case  shall  such  purchases  be  billed  in  favor  of  an  officer  or 
teacher  of  the  institution. 

7.  Any  head  of  department  or  any  other  college  officer  who  shall 
desire  to  divide  or  change  any  bill  presented  against  the  department 
of  which  he  has  charge  shall  return  the  same  to  the  maker  of  the  bill 
for  such  division  or  change. 

8.  At  the  close  of  each  fiscal  year  the  head  of  each  department 
shall  present  to  the  president  the  needs  of  his  department  for  the  en- 
suing fiscal  year.     The  appropriation  made  by  the  board  at  its  annual 
meeting  shall  be  considered  as  meeting  such  needs  as  far  as  the  income 
for  the  year  will  permit.     No  additional  appropriation  shall  be  asked 
for  during  the  year. 

9.  Each  department  is  authorized  to  use  its  ordinary  income  to 
meet  in  part  its  current  expenses. 

10.  All  appropriations  are  subject  to  the  provision  that  only  so 
much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary  shall  be  expended.     Appropriations 
from  the  support  funds  shall  only  be  available  pro  rata  as  the  months 
pass  except  with  the  consent  of  the  auditing  committee  obtained  before 
the  incurring  of  any  obligation  to  be  paid  out  of  such  appropriation. 

11.  Immediately ,  after  the  adjournment  of  the  board,  and  at  any 
other  time  when  requested,  the  secretary  shall  furnish  each  head  of 
department,  in  writing,  with  the  amounts  appropriated  for  the  use  of 
such  department;  and  no  part  of  any  appropriation  for  improvements, 
repairs,  instruction,  or  any  purpose  whatever,  shall  be  expended  by  the 
party  having  charge  thereof,  until  he  shall  have  secured  from  the  sec- 
retary such  written  statement  of  the  amount  appropriated  and  all  con- 
ditions connected  with  its  expenditure. 

12.  The  head  of  each  department  shall  keep  a  current  and  ac- 
curate memorandum  of  all  appropriations  to  his  department,  and  of  all 
orders  which  may  be  issued  against  the  same.     No  obligation  shall  be 
incurred  in  excess  of  such  appropriation,  and  for  such  excess,  and  for 
any   and   all   obligations   not   authorized   by   a   recorded   vote   of   the 
trustees,  the  head  of  the  department  contracting  the  same  may  be  held 
personally  responsible. 

13.  The   professor  of  military  tactics   is  authorized  to   purchase 
prizes  for  his   department  from  the   appropriation  made  to   said   de- 
partment by  the  board. 

14.  Department  libraries  or  reading  rooms  shall  not  be  fitted  up  or 
equipped  with  regular  department  appropriations  nor  with  books  from 
the  college  library,  unless  by  vote  of  the  trustees. 

15.  The  president  of  the  college,  the  librarian  of  the  faculty  com- 
mittee of  the  board  of  trustees  shall  apportion  the  available  library 
funds   to  the   different  departments   and   shall   approve   all  lists   sub- 
mitted by  the  heads  of  departments  before  bids  on  such  lists  are  asked 
for  by  the  purchasing  committee. 

16.  Reprint  of  scientific  articles  shall  be  paid  from  department 
funds  only  on  special  authority  of  the  board. 

17.  All   experimental  work  shall   be   charged   to   the   experiment 

89 


fund.     Only  such  investigations  as  are  directly  related  to  department 
instruction  shall  be  charged  to  department  appropriations. 
(Compilation  of  Laws,  68-70.) 

Department  Accounts: — 

1.  The  board  of  audit,  as  they  see  fit,  shall  provide  blanks  upon 
which  department  accounts  shall  be  presented. 

2.  All  departments  employing  labor  are  required  to  keep  a  per- 
manent and  itemized  book  account  of  dates  of  such  service,  character 
of  service  and  hours  employed  each  day,  to  be  open  on  call  to  the  in- 
spection of  the  board  of  audit. 

3.  The  heads  of  all  departments  shall  certify  to  the  treasurer  on 
or  before  the  first  day  of  each  month,  all  charges  against  students  or 
patrons  which  have  not  been  already  reported.     The  accounts  against 
students   shall    be   collected   by   the   treasurer.      All   accounts   against 
patrons  shall  be  collected  by  the  treasurer,  who  shall  certify  all  such 
payments  back  to  the  officer  from  whom  the  charge  or  account  came. 

4.  All  moneys  collected  by  college  departments  shall  be  promptly 
paid  over  to  the  college  treasurer  not  later  than  the  sixth  of  the  fol- 
lowing month. 

All  officers  of  the  college  who  may  sell  any  property  of  the  college 
shall  return  it  to  the  treasurer  with  the  money  received  therefor,  a 
clear,  itemized  statement  of  the  amount  and  kind  of  property  sold,  the 
date  of  sale,  the  party  to  whom  sold,  with  postoffice  address  and  the 
price,  and  the  treasurer  is  instructed  to  lay  before  the  board  of  trustees 
at  the  close  of  each  year  these  statements  for  approval. 

5.  The  head  of  each  department  shall,  on  or  before  the  tenth  of 
July,  file  with  the  secretary  of  the  board  an  inventory  of  all  apparatus, 
books,  stock,  feed,  machinery  or  other  articles  belonging  to  the  college, 
in  his  department.     The  items  of  the  inventory  shall  be  valued  at  their 
actual  cash  value.    All  articles  not  in  use,  or  not  liable  to  be  used,  shall 
not  appear  in  the  inventory,  but  be  listed  by  themselves  each  year  and 
valued  at  such  sums  as  can  probably  be  realized  for  them.     The  list 
shall  be  attached  to  the  inventory.     The  secretary  shall  report  to  the 
board  the  aggregate  sum  of  each  inventory. 

6.  The  veterinary  department  shall,  without  compensation,  perform 
the  professional  services  that  may  be  needed  for  any  of  the  animals 
that  are  the  property  of  the  college  or  its  farm. 

7.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  head  of  each  department  to  examine 
and  approve  or  disapprove  all  bills  against  his  department  and  in  favor 
of  other  departments  promptly  when  the  same  are  presented,  and  to  at 
once  file  such  bills  with  his  approval  or  disapproval  endorsed  thereon, 
with  the  board  of  audit,  giving  such  bills  preference  over  all  others. 
In  case  any  head  of  department  shall  fail  to  pay  any  bill  or  account 
against  his  department  and  in  favor  of  another  department  of  the  col- 
lege within  ten  days  after  such  bill  or  account  shall  have  been  ren- 
dered him  by  the  treasurer,  the  treasurer  shall  consider  that  unless 
written  exceptions  or  objections  to  such  account  shall  have  been  filed 
the  bill  is  approved.     He  shall  thereupon  make  endorsement  to  this 

90 


effect  upon  the  bill  and  submit  the  endorsed  bill  to  the  auditing  board 
for  audit  in  the  usual  way. 

8.  Bills  for  expenses  incurred  in  the  month  of  June  shall  be  pre- 
sented by  the  heads  of  the  departments  on  or  before  a  date  to  be  fixed 
by  the  board  of  trustees  or  the  president  of  the  college. 

9.  Heads   of  departments  and  other   officers  employing  labor  or 
purchasing  material   or  supplies  of  any  kind  on  account  of  the  col- 
lege  (under  the  authority  of  the  purchasing  committee)   will  be  held 
responsible  for  the  presentation  of  a  proper  bill  for  the  same  to  the 
board  of  audit  on  or  before  the,  twentieth  of  the  month  following  that 
in  which  the  expense  is  incurred. 

10.  Bach  department  shall  as  far  as  possible  confine  itself  to  not 
more  than  one  bill  for  each  person  or  firm  monthly. 

(Compilation  of  Laws  and  Rules,  70-72.) 

Repair  Accounts:  — 

1.  No  head  of  a  department  or  other  officer  or  employee  of  the 
college  shall  erect  or  repair  any  college  building,  unless  legal  provi- 
sion shall  have  been  made  for  the  expense  thereof,  and  authority  for 
making  the  particular  improvement  shall  have  been  obtained  of  the 
building  committee  in  writing. 

2.  The  mechanical  department  in  making  repairs  for  other  de- 
partments may,  when  necessary  for  convenience  and  economy,  use  ma- 
terial which  it  has  in  stock,  promptly  billing  the  same  at  the  end  of 
each  month  against  the  proper  repair  account;  but  in  case  new  material 
is  purchased,  it  shall  be  charged  directly  to  the  state  appropriation. 

3.  The  farm  and  the  mechanical  departments  are  authorized  to 
employ  their  regular  workmen,  who  are  paid  by  the  month,  in  making 
authorized  repairs  and  improvements,  but  in  every  such  case  itemized 
bills  against  the  proper  state  appropriations  shall  be  made  out  and  sub- 
mitted to  the  board  of  audit.  Except  as  herein  provided  no  person  em- 
ploying labor  or  purchasing  material  in  connection  with  any  building 
shall  charge  the  cost  of  the  same  to  any  department  account.  All  items 
appearing  upon  any  bill  against  the  college  for  material  which  might 
be  used  in  any  way  in  the  erection,  repair,  or  improvement  of  any 
building,  shall  be  fully  explained  upon  said  bill  by  the  officer  making 
such  purchase. 

(Compilation  of  Laws,  72.) 

Committees  of  the  Board. — The  general  committees  of  the  board, 
are: 

1.  Committee  on  Faculty  and  Courses  of  Study. 

2.  Finance  Committee. 

3.  Building  Committee. 

4.  Committee  on  Rules. 

5.  Committee  on  Bonds  and  Contracts. 

6.  Purchasing  Committee. 

7.  Committee  on  Endowments. 


91 


The  department  committees,  are: — 

1.  Committee  on  Agriculture. 

2.  Committee   on  Engineering   Department. 

3.  Committee  on  Scientific  Departments. 

4.  Committee  on  Literary  Departments  and  Library. 

5.  Committee  on  Public  Grounds  and  Assignment  of  Rooms. 

6.  Committee  on  College  Hospital  and  Sanitary  Arrangements. 
Purchasing  Committee. — The  purchasing  committee,  consists  of  the 

secretary  of  the  board,  the  treasurer  of  the  college,  and  a  member  of 
the  board  of  trustees,  appointed  by  its  chairman.  It  is  by  a  rule  of  the 
board,  made  "the  duty  of  the  committee  to  obtain,  whenever  practicable, 
competitive  bids  on  all  supplies  to  be  purchased  by  the  college.  This 
committee  shall  have  full  authority  and  it  shall  be  their  duty  to  pur- 
chase or  direct  the  purchase  of  all  supplies  necessary  for  the  main- 
tenance of  the  college  and  they  shall  have  full  authority  as  to  how,  of 
whom,  and  by  whom  these  purchases  shall  be  made  and  shall  formulate 
such  methods  of  handling  the  business  as  they  shall  find  to  the  best 
Interests  of  the  college,  subject  to  such  rules  as  the  board  shall  ^nact. 
No  purchase  shall  be  made  by  any  department,  except  upon  the  written 
consent  or  this  committee."  (Compilation  of  Laws,  64.) 

Coal. — We  use  largely  a  pea  steam  mixture.  This  is  considered  the 
best  for  our  purposes.  It  can  be  furnished  in  the  quantities  needed 
only  by  a  few  of  the  larger  companies.  Lockwood  and  Co.  of  Ames 
have  the  contract  this  year.  The  prices  F.  O.  B.  Ames  are  as  follows: 

Lump  coal $2.88  per  ton 

Mine  run  coal 2.53        " 

Nut  coal    2.38 

Nut  steam  mixture 1.77        " 

Pea  steam  mixture 1.62 

Purchases  of  Lumber. — Bids  are  secured  by  the  committee  from  our 
local  dealers.  These  are  submitted  to  Trustee  Dixon,  who  is  himself 
engaged  in  the  lumber  business  and  is  therefore  acquainted  with  both 
prices  and  quality.  If  he  finds  that  the  lowest  bid  is  a  reasonable  one, 
contract  is  entered  into  running,  say,  for  six  months,  under  which  the 
dealer  furnishes  the  different  departments  with  supplies  in  such  quan- 
tities and  at  such  times  as  suits  their  needs.  The  present  contract 
with  Munn  &  Son  expires  July  1.  next. 

It  should  be  noted  that  since  the  erection  and  improvement  of  the 
college  buildings  are  done  almost  entirely  under  the  contract  system; 
the  annual  purchases  of  lumber  by  the  college  are  comparatively  small 
in  amount,  averaging  about  $2,000  per  year.  The  trustees  have  under 
consideration  the  erection,  as  they  may  reach  it,  of  a  small  storage 
shed  which  will  be  under  the  charge  of  the  custodian  and  which  will 
enable  the  committee  to  purchase  building  material  of  the  standard 
grades  in  car  load  lots.  In  the  mean  time  the  present  arrangement  is 
convenient  and,  everything  considered.,  fairly  satisfactory. 

Ques.     How  do  you  buy  your  oils? 

Ans.  Bids  are  submitted  by  different  parties  for  lubricating  oil, 
kerosene  and  gasoline.  The  contract  is  let  to  the  lowest  bidder,  taking 


quality  into  account.     Our  purchases  for  the  year   are  considerable. 
The  present  prices  are  as  follows: 

Perfection  kerosene  oil.  ..  .104  cts.  per  gallon 
Crown  gasoline    131  cts.  per  gallon 

Delivered  on  grounds  from  tank  wagon. 

87  degree  gasoline,  in  iron  barrels,  19  cts.  per  gallon,  delivered  at 
Ames.  Lubricating  oils,  at  correspondingly  low  figures.  1  per  cent 
discount  is  allowed  where  bills  are  paid  promptly  at  the  end  of  the 
month. 

Ques.     How  are  laboratory  supplies  purchased? 

Ans.     Upon  competitive  bids  of  houses  furnishing  standard  goods. 

A  considerable  portion  of  our  scientific  apparatus  and  laboratory 
material  is  imported.  The  chemicals,  for  instance,  needed  in  the  dif- 
ferent laboratories  for  a  given  time  are  listed  and  bids  secured  from 
the  leading  importing  houses.  The  order  is  then  placed,  the  goods  im- 
ported duty  free  as  the  law  provides,  and  the  college  gets  the  benefit 
ooth  of  competition  and  the  non-payment  of  custom  duties.  Three- 
fourths  of  the  chemicals  used  in  our  departments  are  imported.  The 
saving  to  the  college  by  this  method  amounts  to  from  40  to  60  per  cent. 

Ques.  Explain,  to  the  committtee  your  method  of  handling  sta- 
tionery and  printing. 

Ans.  The  purchasing  committee  has  a  contract  with  the  college 
book-store  by  which  paper  and  ordinary  stationery  are  furnished  to  the 
departments  in  such  amounts  as  they  need  at  wholesale  rates  without 
charge  for  freight  or  express  or  expense  of  distribution,  the  book-store 
paying  all  these  expenses  and  making  its  margin  of  profit  from  its  cash 
discounts. 

Ques.     Does  the  purchasing  committee  make  all  purchases? 

Ans.  No,  there  are  purchases  which  the  heads  of  the  departments 
can  make  to  better  advantage  than  the  purchasing  committee.  For 
example,  the  Dean  of  Agriculture  and  the  Professor  of  Animal  Hus- 
bandry are  better  judges  of  farm  stock  and  stock  values,  and  are  ther- 
fore  better  qualified  than  the  committee  to  make  purchases  along  this 
line.  Again,  in  some  of  the  purchases  connected  with  experimental 
work,  the  competitive  idea  has  no  legitimate  place.  The  expert  in 
charge  and  he  only  can  determine  where  and  when  to  buy  the  partic- 
ular thing  needed.  The  rules  of  the  board  of  trustees  permit  the  com- 
mittee in  all  such  cases  to  give  the  head  of  the  department  written 
authority  to  make  the  purchase.  It  is  the  idea  of  the  committee  to 
avail  itself  as  much  as  possible  of  the  technical  knowledge  and  profes- 
sional acquaintance  of  the  professors  for  whose  department  the  sup- 
plies and  equipment  are  bought  and  to  make  the  business  system  an 
aid  rather  than  a  hindrance  to  successful  departmental  work.  The 
books  and  accounts  of  the  college  are  kept  in  such  itemized  form  as 
to  fully  exhibit  to  the  trustees  the  work  of  the  committee.  (Secretary 
Stanton,  Transcript,  55.) 

Financial  Agent. — Subject  to  approval  by  the  executive  council,  the 
board  may  appoint  a  financial  agent  to  negotiate  loans  in  accordance 
with  the  provisions  of  this  chapter,  and  take  charge  of  the  foreclosure 


of  mortgages  and  collections  from  delinquent  debtors  to  said  fund, 
when  so  directed  by  it.  Such  agent  shall  hold  his  office  during  the 
pleasure  of  the  board,  and,  before  entering  upon  the  discharge  of  his 
duties  take  the  oath  required  of  civil  officers,  and  give  bond  in  the 
penal  sum  to  be  determined  and  with  sureties  to  be  approved  by  said 
board.  Conditioned  for  the  faithful  performance  of  the  duties  of  his 
agency  and  the  payment  into  the  state  treasury  of  all  funds  which  shall 
come  into  his  hands  in  connection  therewith.  Such  bond  shall  be  in  a 
sum  at  least  double  the  amount  of  funds,  liable  to  come  into  his  hands 
at  any  time,  and  be  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  said  college.  And  ac- 
tions for  a  breach  of  its  conditions  may  be  brought  in  the  name  of  said 
board. 

Code,  section  2668. 

Compensation. — The  financial  agent  shall  receive  a  compensation  to 
be  fixed  by  the  board  of  trustees  not  exceeding  the  sum  of  twelve  hun- 
dred dollars  annually,  eight  hundred  dollars  annually,  in  addition,  for 
assistants  and  sub-agents,  and  all  necessary  expenses  connected  with 
the  discharge  of  his  duties  to  be  paid  as  that  of  other  officers  out  of 
the  treasury  of  the  state. 
Code,  section  2669. 

Same. — The  contract  with  W.  A.  Helsell,  financial  agent,  provides 
that  he  shall  receive  a  salary  of  twelve  hundred  dollars  per  annum, 
payable  monthly  and  all  necessary  expenses,  connected  with  the  dis- 
charge of  his  duties,  and  also  not  to  exceed  the  sum  of  eight  hundred 
dollars  per  annum  in  addition  for  assistants  and  sub-agents.  The 
twelve  hundred  dollars  to  be  paid  out  of  the  state  treasury  in  equal 
monthly  installments  as  provided  by  law,  and  the  expenses  and  money 
for  assistants  and  sub-agents,  to  be  drawn  as  required  by  itemized  state- 
ments duly  verified  by  the  financial  agent  and  approved  by  the  chair- 
man and  secretary  of  the  board  of  trustees.  The  said  contract  among 
other  things,  provides,  that 

The  rate  of  interest  shall  be  such  as  is  or  shall  be  designated  by 
the  board  of  trustees,  payable  annually,  to  be  due  in  not  less  than  five 
or  more  than  ten  years,  and  the  borrower  can  have  the  privilege,  after 
such  time  as  shall  be  fixed  by  the  board,  to  make  payments  of  principal 
in  sums  of  $100  or  multiple  thereof,  at  such  times  as  interest  matures. 
He  is  authorized  to  loan  not  less  than  five  hundred  dollars  nor  more 
than  ten  thousand  to  any  one  person  and  is  allowed  to  have  in  his  pos- 
session and  under  his  control  not  more  than  ten  thousand  dollars  at 
any  one  time.  He  is  also  by  the  terms  of  the  contract  at  all  times  sub- 
ject to  the  rules,  orders  and  directions  of  the  board  of  trustees. 

Agent  Helsell's  Bond. — Is  in  the  amount  of  fifty  thousand  dollars 
and  is  properly  conditioned. 

Interest  and  principal  on  all  loans  are  made  payable  to  the  state 
treasurer.  "When  a  loan  is  complete  the  papers  connected  therewith 
are  forwarded  to  the  secretary  of  the  board  who  enters  an  abstract  of 
the  same  on  his  loan  register  and  then  forwards  the  papers  to  the  state 
treasurer.  The  state  treasurer  reports  to  the  secretary  of  the  board  at 
the  end  of  each  month  the  interest  collected  during  the  month.  The 

94 


secretary  enters  the  proper  credits  on  his  loan  register  and  is  thus  en- 
abled to  keep  an  exact  account  with  each  loan."  (Secretary  Stanton, 
Transcript,  16-17.) 

Lands. 

Question.  How  much  money  has  he  (Helsell)  loaned  this  last 
year? 

Ans.     About  $88,000. 

Ques.     Is  that  a  fair  average? 

Ans.  The  amount  loaned  is  sometimes  less  sometimes  more.  The 
loans  made  during  the  present  fiscal  year  will  probably  amount  to 
$114,000.  The  loan  for  the  last  six  years  (including  the  estimate  for 
the  present  year)  will  aggregate  $728,850  or  $121,475  annually.  The 
expense  of  maintaining  the  agency  during  this  same  time  including  the 
salary  of  the  agent  averages  about  $1,490  annually. 

The  following  statement  was  made  by  Secretary  Stanton,  showing 
the  condition  of  the  endowment  fund  on  the  first  day  of  March,  1905: 

Land  under  lease  at  8  per  cent,  336.02  acres $      1,774.08 

Polk  county  tract,  40  acres,  under  temporary  least  at  $85        2,418.55 

Farm  mortgages  bearing  7  per  cent  interest 15,300.00 

Farm  mortgages  bearing  6  per  cent  interest 107,200.00 

Farm  mortgages  bearing  5  per  cent  interest 507,100.00 

Farm  mortgages  bearing  5i  per  cent  interest 23,300.00 


Total  yielding  .income $657,062.63 

Balance  uninvested: — 

In  hands  of  state  treasurer $16,645  .  89 

In  hands  of  Agent  Helsell 10,000 .  00        26,645 .  89 


$683,708.52 
(Transcript,  18.) 

No  loans  are  made  outside  of  the  state. 

Loans. — It  may  loan  said  funds  upon  approved  real  estate  security, 
subject  to  the  following  regulations: 

1.  Each  loan  shall  be  for  a  term  not  exceeding  ten  years,  at  a 
rate  of  interest  to  be  fixed  by  said  board,  payable  annually. 

2.  Each  loan  shall  be  secured  by  a  mortgage  paramount  to  all 
other  liens  upon  improved  farm  lands  in  the  state,  the  loan  not  to  ex- 
ceed fifty  per 'cent  of  the  cash  value  thereof,  exclusive  of  buildings: 

3.  Principal   and   interest  shall   be  payable  to   the   order   of   the 
board  at  the  office  of  the  state  treasurer,  the  notes  and  mortgages  to 
provide  for  the  payment  by  the  borrower  of  all  expenses,  attorney  fees 
and  costs  incurred  in  collecting  the  same. 

4.  A  register  containing  a  complete  abstract  of  each  loan,   and 
showing  its  actual  condition,  shall  be  kept  by  the  secretary  of  said 
board,  and  be  at  all  times  open  to  inspection.     The  attorney-general, 
under  the  direction  of  the  executive  council,  shall  prepare  the  neces- 
sary blanks,  forms  and  instructions  to  carry  into  effect  the  provisions 
of  this  section  and  to  keep  such  loans  secure  and  unimpaired. 

Code  Supplement,  section  2667. 

95 


Value  of  College  Buildings  and  Equipment. — Secretary  Stanton: 
The  following  exhibit  gives  a  fairly  correct  idea  of  the  extent  and  value- 
of  the  college  property,  exclusive  of  the  dairy  farm  and  the  new  build- 
ings now  in  process  of  erection: 

Land: — 

Farm  proper,  531.38  acres  at  $100 $58,138  . 00 

Experiment  station  grounds,  60  acres  at  $100.  6,000.00 
Plots  for  horticultural  experiments,   13   acres 

at  $85 1,105.00 

Orchard  and  arboretum,  25  acres  at  $100....  2,500.00 

College  campus,  125  acres  at  $100 12,500.00 

College  park,  38  acres  at  $60 2,220  .  00 

Total  for  841.38  acres $82,463  .  00       82,463  .  00' 

Buildings: — 

Margaret  Hall 60,000  .  00 

Morrill  Hall 40,000.00 

Chemical  and  physical  building    36, 000. 00 

Music  Hall    5,000  .  00 

Chime  and  clock  tower  ........••..*.. 7,000 .  00 

College  hospital 5,500 .  00 

Office  building    7,000  .  00 

Book  department  building 1,800  .  00 

Boarding  cottages    10,000 .  00 

Engineering  Hall  (not  including  furnishings)  .195,000.00 

Engineering  laboratory 12,000 .  00 

Carpenter  shop    5,000.00 

Forge  shop 5,000.00 

Power  station 7,000 .  00 

Old  pumping  station  plant 500 . 00 

Fire  department  building 400 .  00 

Foundry  store  house 75.00 

Greenhouses 19,000 .  00 

Veterinary  hospital   8,000 . 00 

Agricultural  hall 110,000 .  00 

Horticultural   barn    . 5,500  .  00 

Cattle  barn 15,000  .  00 

Feeding  sheds    2,500  .  00 

Experiment  station  barn 18,000 .  00 

Horse  barn  and  stock  judging  pavilion 15,000.00 

Corn  and  stock  judging  pavilion 13,000  .  00 

Hog  house    1,500 .  00 

Moveable  hog  houses   (fifteen) 500 .  00 

Sheep  barn 1,500 . 00 

North  hall 2,500.00 

98 


Residences  occupied  by: — 

President  Storms , 13,000 .  00 

Professor  Curtiss 5,000  .  00 

Professor  Weems 2,500.00 

Professor  Bissell    2,500 .  00 

Professor  Summers    2,500  .  00 

Professor  Noble 3,000  .  00 

Professor  Stanton    5,000  .  00 

Professor  Marston 4,500  .  00 

Professor  Holden 1,500  .  00 

Horticultural  foreman 1,000 .  00 

Experiment  station  foreman 1,000  .  00 

Farm  laborer 800 .  00 

Boarding  club 800  .00 

General  Equipment: — 

Waterworks,  including  water  tower,  deep  well 

pumping  machinery  and  piping  system..  36,500.00 
Power  plant,  including  three  boilers,  four  high- 
speed engines,  four  dynamos,  boiler  and 
engine  room  equipment,  appliances,  etc.  .  15,000.00 
Electric   light,   including   switch   board   appli- 
ances, pole  line  and  transformers 7,000.00 

Sewage  system 5,500  .  00 

Sewage  disposal  system    3,000 .  00 

Office  building  furniture 2,000.00 

Furniture  of  public  rooms 3,114  .  35 

College  hospital   furniture    1,035  .  25 

Board  department 549.80 

Fire  department : 1,525 . 00 


Total  general   equipment    $75,224. 40 

Department  Equipment: — 

Experiment  station — 

Agronomy  section   2,624  .  55 

Animal  husbandry  section   4,660  .  50 

Horticultural  section 1,298 .  05 

Chemical  section   4,530 .  91 

Botanical    section    851.00 

Dairy  section 79.50 

Entomological  section 1,427 . 05 

Veterinary  section 850  .  33 


Total  station  equipment 1€      i 

Farm   department    26,857. 70 

Agronomy  department    541.24 

Farm  Mechanics  department 12,103 . 29 

Farm  crops  department 730.82 


97 


Soils  department '. 4,206  .  96 

Animal  husbandry  department  509.25 

Dairy  679  .  50 

Creamery  304  .  66 

Horticultural  department  1419  .  70 

Veterinary  department  2,663  .  55 

General  Chemistry 10,850 .  00 

Zoology 15, 6  52. 69 

Botany  18,626.30 

Physics  and  Electrical  Engineering,  including 

equipment  and  furniture  25,978 . 74 

Civil  Engineering,  including  equipment  and 

furniture 15,440  .  00 

Mechanical  Engineering,  including  equipment 

and  furniture 47,000  .  00 

Mining  Engineering  and  furniture 10,462  .  47 

Domestic  Economy 1,309  .  74 

Military  department  215.00 

English,  literature  and  rhetoric  270.00 

Public  grounds  224 .35 

Library 55,000  . 00 

Music  department  2,049  .  00 

Pipe  organ  and  Piano 1,750  .  00 

Chimes  and  Clock  .  9,000.00 


Total  department  equipment $263,846.96 

Total  value  of  college  property,  ex- 
clusive of  endowment  fund $1,089,131.25 

College  Endowment. — The  endowment  fund  amounts  to  $683,708.52 
of  which  $589,754.01  is  to  be  credited  directly  to  the  original  land 
grant  and  $93,954.51  to  the  transfer  and  investment,  in  the  early 
years  of  the  college,  of  the  surplus  interest  fund.  There  were  203.- 
993.66  acres  in  Iowa's  share  of  the  original  land  grant.  Iowa  located 
its  land  script  within  the  state  and  leased  the  land  thus  acquired  on 
ten  year  leases  bearing  8  per  cent  interest  upon  a  valuation  fixed  by 
the  board  of  trustees.  These  leases  gave  to  the  lessee  the  right  of 
purchase  at  the  expiration  of  the  lease  at  the  valuation  fixed  upon 
when  the  lease  (which  was  really  a  contract  of  sale)  was  made.  Tran- 
script, 8.) 

Sales  of  Departments. — The  sales  of  departments  are  not  included 
in  the  statement  of  "Resources."  They  are  offset  by  corresponding 
purchases  equal  in  amount,  and  unless  in  the  total  of  these  transac- 
tions of  buying  and  selling — as  for  instance  in  buying  cattle  and  sell- 
ing the  same,  buying  cream  and  selling  butter — there  is  a  net  profit, 
the  fund  for  maintaining  and  developing  the  college  is  not  increased. 
In  an  educational  institution  its  departments  cannot  be  expected  to 
be  self-sustaining  so  there  is  no  profit  to  be  thus  taken  into  account. 
These  sales,  however,  and  the  purchases  which  balance  them  appear 
among  the  gross  receipts  and  disbursements  and  are  accounted  for  on 


the  college  books  as  is  other  cash  received  and  paid  out.  (Secretary 
Stanton,  Transcript,  22.) 

Ques.  Suppose  you  show  by  concrete  example  how  the  omission  of 
these  sales  effects  the  general  funds? 

Ans.  Take,  for  example,  the  sales  made  by  the  farm  department. 
Cattle  worth  $3,000  are  sold  in  July.  In  Augst  this  fund  is  used  to 
purchase  other  cattle.  The  $3,000  appears,  of  course,  on  each  sale  of 
the  treasurer's  cash  account.  It  has,  however,  no  ligitimate  place  in 
a  public  statement  designed  to  show  the  regular  annual  income  of  the 
college  on  the  cost  of  maintaining  its  departments.  If  the  annual 
maintenance  fund  can  be  increased  in  this  way  to  the  extent  of  these 
sales  an  institution  might  be  made  rich  through  buying  and  selling 
though  each  particular  transaction  represented  in  itself  a  loss. 

Take  for  another  example  the  college  creamery.  Several  years  ago 
its  sales  of  butter  aggregated  $19.000  annually.  The  butter  fat  pur- 
chased and  the  cost  of  manufacture  represented  an  outlay  of  about  an 
equal  amount.  Last  year  these  sales  and  purchases  had  fallen  to 
$6.000.  The  annual  income  of  the  college  available  for  the  carrying 
on  of  its  work  has  not,  of  course,  decreased  $13,000  because  less  but- 
ter fat  is  purchased,  manufactured  into  butter  and  the  finished  product 
sold  in  the  market.  This,  however,  is  true.  A  department  like  the 
creamery  is  both  educational  and  commercial.  The  commercial  side 
may  help  to  reduce  the  net  expense  of  maintaining  the  department  as 
a  whole.  Our  people  consider  that  the  commercial  feature  helps  the 
educational  part  of  the  work  in  that  it  brings  the  student  into  touch 
with  the  practical  side  of  the  creamery  business.  At  the  same  time 
it  lessens  net  expenses.  The  creamery  at  the  Wisconsin  University, 
which  is  purely  educational,  costs  $8,000  annually,  while  ours  of  equal 
educational  worth,  costs  only  $2,000. 

Ques.     In  calculating  expenses  do  you  include  the  salaries? 

Ans.  Yes.  The  salaries  of  those  directly  connected  with  the  run- 
ning of  the  creamery.  I  do  not  include  the  salary  of  the  professor  of 
dairying  nor  the  salary  of  other  instructors.  These  salaries  are 
charged  to  the  educational  support  fund.  The  farm,  the  creamery  and 
the  shops  are  primarily  educational  plants.  In  so  far  as  the  commer- 
cial side  of  these  departments  reduces  the  net  expense  of  maintaining 
them  the  result  is  not  at  all  displeasing.  It  can  hardly  be  expected, 
however,  that  the  gains  on  the  commercial  side  will  wipe  out  the  en- 
tire cost  of  the  department  as  an  educational  feature  of  the  institu- 
tion. (Secretary  Stanton,  27-28.) 

Method  of  Accounting. — As  to  method  of  handling  and  ac- 
counting for  cash  received,  I  might  say: 

First — The  college  treasurer  issues  a  duplicate  cash  receipt  for  all 
money  coming  into  his  hands.  Both  the  original  and  duplicate  are 
filed  in  my  office.  Across  the  face  of  the  original  is  printed  "Dupli- 
cate filed  in  my  office."  This  I  sign,  and  tearing  off  the  original  re- 
turn it  to  the  treasurer,  retaining  the  duplicate  as  the  basis  of  the 
charge  against  the  treasurer  on  my  books.  This  plan  is  followed  in 
all  cases. 


Second — State  appropriations  are  drawn  upon  requisitions  signed 
by  the  chairman  and  secretary  of  the  board  of  trustees.  Those  relat- 
ing to  buildings  and  repairs  are  subject  to  the  limitation  prescribed  in 
section  109  of  the  Code  that  no  part  of  the  appropriation  can  be  drawn 
until  the  same  is  needed  for  use  within  thirty  days  from  the  date  of 
the  requisition.  When  warrants  are  received  from  the  state  auditor 
on  account  of  these  building  funds,  the  college  treasurer  issues  his  re- 
ceipt therefor  in  duplicate  as  already  explained.  The  state  support 
funds  are  payable  quarterly  but  are  not  drawn  except  as  needed. 

Third — The  national  support  fund  which  is  first  remitted  by  the 
national  government  to  the  state  treasury  is  drawn  therefrom  by  the 
college  treasurer  upon  a  sight  draft,  to  which  is  attached  the  treas- 
urer's receipt  with  a  certificate  that  a  duplicate  has  already  been  filed 
in  his  office.  This  fund  too  is  only  drawn  as  needed.  A  considerable 
balance  of  support  fund  is  now  in  the  hands  of  the  state  treasurer. 

Fourth — All  laboratory  fees  are,  under  the  regulations  of  the 
board,  paid  to  the  college  treasurer  and  no  student  is  allowed  to  begin 
laboratory  work  until  he  presents  the  treasurer's  receipt  to  the  pro- 
fessor in  charge.  In  order  to  avoid  unnecessary  delay  the  treasurer 
issues  in  these  cases  an  individual  receipt,  from  his  laboratory  receipt 
book  and  at  the  end  of  a  couple  of  weeks  more  or  less  makes  out  dupli- 
cate cash  reports  of  all  monies  received  which  he  sends  to  the  several 
professors.  Each  professor  checks  the  cash  report  with  his  class  book 
and  certifies  to  its  correctness.  The  original  is  then  returned  to  the 
treasurer  while  the  duplicate  is  retained  by  the  professor.  The  treas- 
urer then  issues  to  the  department  from  his  college  receipt  book  re- 
ceipts in  duplicate  covering  the  items  included  in  the  cash  report, 
which  receipts  pass  through  the  secretary's  office  as  heretofore  ex- 
plained. 

Fifth — Janitor  fees  paid  by  students  are  treated  in  a  similar  way, 
the  superintendent  of  the  fires  and  lights  department  checking  up  and 
certifying  to  the  correctness  of  the  cash  reports. 

Sixth — The  amount  received  from  sales  of  departments  is  either 
paid  directly  to  the  treasurer  or  first  to  the  head  of  the  department 
making  the  sale  and  then  by  him  to  the  treasurer.  The  rules  of  the 
board  require  that  whenever  practicable  payments  shall  be  made  direct 
to  the  treasurer.  There  are  cases,  however,  as  in  the  sale  of  farm 
stock,  etc.,  where  a  rigid  enforaement  of  such  requirement  would 
greatly  embarrass  college  business.  Whenever  an  officer  of  the  col- 
lege, received  payment  for  property  sold  he  is  required  to  pay  the 
money  received  therefor  promptly  to  the  treasurer  and  to  file  with 
him  an  itemized  statement  of  the  amount  and  kind  of  property  sold, 
the  date  of  sale,  the  party  to  whom  sold,  with  postoffice  address  and 
the  price.  Thus  directly,  or  indirectly,  through  the  head  of  the  de- 
partment the  money  received  from  sales  reaches  the  treasurer.  Dupli- 
cate receipts  for  such  monies  are  issued  by  him  as  in  other  cases. 

Seventh — These  duplicate  receipts  filed  in  the  secretary's  office 
make  known  to  him  all  items  of  cash  received  from  whatever  source. 
The  following  additional  checks  upon  the  receipts  should  be  noted: 

100 


1.  A  careful  comparison  of  the  books  of  the  secretary's  office  with 
those  of  the  state  auditor  and  state  treasurer  are  made  at  least  once 
each  year. 

2.  A  statement  of  the  cash  items  placed  to  the  credit  of  each  de- 
partment is  sent  the  professor  in  charge  at  least  once  each  month. 
Each  professor  keeps  a  watchful  eye  upon  the  fund  which  has  been 
granted  his  department.     The  appropriation  from  the  support  fund  and 
the  credits  arising  from  fees  and  sales  are  never  more  than  sufficient 
to  meet  the  current  expenses  of  the  department  and  allow  for  a  mod- 
erate increase   in  department  equipment.      Any  failure   to  credit  the 
fund  with  all  monies  belonging  to  it  would  be  noticed  at  once  by  the 
professor    and    explanation    asked.       (Secretary    Stanton,    Transcript, 
22-24.) 

Tuition — Admission. — Tuition  in  the  college  herein  established 
shall  be  forever  free  to  pupils  from  the  state  over  sixteen  years  of 
age,  who  have  been  residents  of  this  state  six  months  previous  to  their 
admission.  Each  county  in  this  state  shall  have  a  prior  right  to  tui- 
tion for  three  scholars  from  such  county;  the  remainder,  equal  to  the 
capacity  of  the  college,  shall  be  by  the  trustees  distributed  among  the 
counties  in  proportion  to  the  population,  subject  to  the  above  rule. 
Transient  scholars  otherwise  qualified,  may  at  all  times  receive  tuition. 
Code,  section  2649. 

Same. — Students  from  outside  the  state  pay  a  tuition  fee  of 
$12  per  semester  or  $24  per  year.  Fees  are  charged  in  the  different 
laboratories  to  meet,  in  part  at  least,  the  cost  of  materials  used  by 
students.  In  some  departments  this  fee  does  not  equal  the  cost,  while 
in  others  it  comes  very  close  to  covering  the  expense  of  the  material 
used. 

Janitor's  Fees. — A  janitor's  fee  of  $5.00  per  semester  is  charged 
each  student. 

Diploma  Fee. — Each  graduate  pays  $5.00  for  his  diploma.  (Tran- 
script, 24-26.) 

Resources. — "The  following  exhibit  shows  approximately  the  avail- 
able resources  of  the  college  for  the  biennial  period,  ending  July  1, 
1906: 

1.  For  general  expenses  and  support  of  educational  departments, 
Interest  on  Endowment  Fund    (estimated).  .$   36,000.00 

Morrill  Fund    25,000.00 

State  Appropriation — annual — 

Appropriated  in  1900 $25,000  .  00 

Appropriated  in   1902 35,000.00 

Appropriated   in   1904    50,000.00      110,000.00    $171,000.00 

2.  For  support  of  experiment  station: 

National    appropriation — annual 15,000.  00 

State   appropriations — annual 25,000.00        40,000.00 

3.  For  repair  of  buildings  and  minor  improvements: 

State  appropriation — annual   23,000.00 

4.  Tax  levy,  fc  mill,  running  five  years, 

estimated  annual  proceeds   126,000.00 


5.  Minor  items,  including  laboratory  and 
janitor  fees,  room  rent,  tuition  paid  by 
students  from  outside  of  state,  etc.,  esti- 
mated      30,000.00 

Total    390,000.00 

Special  Appropriation  for  the  Biennial  Period — 

For  the  completion  of  the  Central  building.  $  95,000.00 
For  Dairy  building  and  Dairy  farm  and  equip- 
ment      84,500.00 

For  Central  heating  plant 54,500.00 

For  good  roads  experimentation. 7,000.00 

For  engineering  experimental  work 6,000.00 

Total $247,000.00 

Summary — 

Receipts  from  annual  appropriations  for  the 

biennial  period    $     780,000.00 

Special   appropriations    247,000.00 


Total $1,027,000.00 

(Secretary  Stanton,  Transcript,  21.) 

Expenditures — Erection  of  Buildings — Architects. — Secretary  Stan- 
ton:  Regarding  the  expenditure  of  the  funds  granted  the  college  by 
the  state  for  the  erection  of  buildings,  the  following  is  an  outline  of 
the  plan  adopted  by  the  board  of  trustees.  An  architect  is  employed 
who  advises  with  the  board  and  consults  fully  with  the  president  of 
the  college  and  the  heads  of  the  departments  to  be  accomodated  by  the 
building.  Plans  and  specifications  are  then  prepared  by  the  architect 
under  the  direction  of  the  building  committee  of  the  board  and  bids 
are  advertised  for.  These  bids  are  opened  by  the  board  and  if  not  in 
excess  of  the  money  available  the  contract  is  let  to  the  lowest  bidder. 
A  list  of  the  bids  is  entered  on  the  records  of  the  board  and  the  bids 
themselves,  and  the  contract,  are  kept  on  file  in  the  secretary's  office. 
An  approved  bond  in  a  sum  equal  to  one-fourth  of  the  amount  of  the 
contract  is  required  of  the  contractor.  This  bond  is  filed  with  the 
secretary.  (Transcript,  30.) 

Building  Committee. — The  building  committee  has  general  over- 
sight of  the  work  of  construction  of  buildings.  The  architect  inspects 
the  work  several  times  each  month  as  it  progresses  and  the  board  ap- 
points a  local  superintendent  who  has  direct  supervision  of  the  con- 
struction. He  appoints  inspectors  who  represent  him  in  the  work.  Pro- 
fessor Marston  is  the  college  engineer  and  is  generally  chosen  as  local 
superintendent.  In  the  case  of  the  agricultural  buildings  Professor 
Curtiss  is  associated  with  him.  Proudfoot  &  Bird  of  Des  Moines,  have 
been  our  architects  for  the  later  buildings.  (Transcript,  31.) 

Ques.  Does  the  local  superintendent  prepare  estimates  of  the  legiti- 
mate cost  of  a  building  so  the  board  may  have  something  to  guide  them 
in  making  contracts? 

Ans.     I  take  it  you  have  in  mind  large  buildings.     In  the  case  of 


repairs  and  minor  improvements  such  estimates  as  you  mention  are 
made  by  the  college  carpenter,  the  custodian  of  buildings,  and  college 
engineer,  or  if  heating,  lighting  and  plumbing  are  in  question,  by 
Professor  Bissell,  our  professor  of  mechanical  engineering.  But  in  the 
case  of  large  buildings  the  trustees  rely  largely,  as  I  have  already 
stated,  upon  the  architect  employed  by  them.  Sometimes  the  architect 
and  college  engineer  go  over  the  estimates  together. 

Ques.  Does  the  architect  at  the  time  of  submitting  plans  and  speci- 
fications make,  also  a  written  estimate  of  the  amount  and  cost  of  ma- 
terials, or  does  he  give  this  information  verbally? 

Ans.  Verbally,  in  general.  He  is  present  with  the  board  when  the 
bids  are  opened  and  acts  as  their  advisor.  He  always  sits  with  the 
committee  which  tabulates  the  bids  and  makes  recommendation  to  the 
trustees.  The  board  consider  that  as  far  as  estimating  the  cost  of  the 
building  is  concerned  he  is  the  highest  and  best  authority.  He  must 
naturally  gather  the  data  for  such  estimate  before  preparing  the  plans 
and  specifications.  He  is  acquainted  with  the  cost  of  buildings;  he 
has  had  experience  in  making  estimates;  it  would  seem  as  if  in  the 
very  nature  of  the  case  he  would  be  well  fitted  to  advise  the  trustees 
and  protect  them  from  a  collusion  of  bidders. 

Ques.  Does  your  superintendent  of  construction  take  a  list  of 
materials  and  prices  and  make  an  estimate  of  what  the  proposed  build- 
ing should  cost? 

Ans.  I  think  not.  After  the  contract  is  let  the  college  engineer 
makes  monthly  estimates,  as  the  work  progresses,  in  which  he  takes 
account  of  all  the  material  that  has  gone  into  the  building  and  the 
price  of  the  same. 

Ques.     This  is  the  contract  price? 

Ans.  Yes,  but  he  can  tell  of  course  by  comparison  whether  the 
contract  price  is  high  or  low. 

Ques.  What  we  want  to  know  is  whether,  aside  from  the  architect's 
estimate,  any  effort  is  made  to  ascertain  just  what  this  material  and 
work  should  cost? 

Ans.  No,  the  board  relies  upon  the  architect — with  his  ability,  in- 
tegrity and  expert  knowledge  to  give  them  this  information  and  keep 
them  from  accepting  an  unreasonable  bid.  It  should  be  remembered, 
too,  that  generally  a  number  of  bids  are  received  varying  considerably 
in  amount.  In  the  case  of  our  new  Engineering  Hall  the  bids  varied 
from  $161,800.00  to  $188,786.00;  in  the  case  of  the  farm  mechanics 
addition  to  Agricultural  Hall  from  $37,974  to  $47,747.00;  in  the  case 
of  the  new  Central  Building  from  $325,267  to  $364,892.  The  lowest 
bid  in  this  last  case  was  afterwards  reduced  through  certain  omissions 
to  $262,000.  The  method  of  letting  contract  upon  the  basis  of  com- 
petitive bids  is  the  one  employed  by  the  National  Government  and  by 
all  large  corporations.  In  practice  it  has  given  the  college  first  class 
buildings  at  a  low  cost.  It  is  possible  for  bidders  to  combine,  but  a 
competent  and  reliable  architect  safeguards  the  college  against  serious 
loss  from  such  combination,  while  on  the  other  hand,  there  is  much  of 


danger  in  an  institution  attempting  to  employ  labor,  purchase  material 
and  oversee  the  details  of  the  erection  of  a  large  building. 

Ques.  Does  the  building  committee  consult  with  the  college  en- 
gineer as  to  the  materials  used? 

Ans.  By  Trustee  Wilson:  As  a  member  of  the  building  committee, 
I  can  answer  that.  yes. 

Ques.      Then  it  is   true   that  the  engineer  makes  an   independent 
estimate  of  the  cost  of  the  building  and  compares  it  with  that  of  the 
architect?  Does  he  submit  a  written  statement? 
Ans.     By  Wilson:     No,  sir. 

Ques.  Have  you  ever  made  any  investigation,  independent  of  the 
architect,  and  obtained  figures  as  to  whether  you  could  save  anything 
on  these  buildings  by  erecting  them  under  the  direct  supervision  of 
your  superintendent  of  construction  instead  of  by  contract? 

Ans.  In  some  cases,  yes.  The  heating  system  in  the  Central 
Building,  for  example,  is  to  be  put  in  by  the  L.  H.  Kurtz  Co.  of  Des 
Moines,  at  cost  of  material  and  labor  plus  10  per  cent  for  supervision, 
use  of  tools,  etc.  The  company  guarantees,  however,  that  the  entire 
cost  shall  not  exceed  the  lowest  bids  submitted  to  the  board  in  con- 
nection with  this  work. 

In  general,  however,  in  the  erection  of  large  buildings,  the  board 
follows  the  plan  of  competitive  bids  and  letting  the  contract  to  the 
lowest  bidder.  Mr.  Dixon,  chairman  of  the  building  committee,  is 
here  today  and  will  be  glad.  I  know,  to  answer  any  questions  about 
these  building  matters  you  may  see  fit  to  ask.  (Secretary  Stanton, 
Transcript,  31-33.) 

Mr.  Dixon,  Chairman  of  Building  Committee. — From  the  testimony 
of  Chairman  Dixon,  which  is  found  on  pages  74  to  83,  inclusive,  of  the 
transcript,  it  appears, — contracts  for  the  construction  of  the  large 
buildings  are  let  by  the  board  of  trustees.  Bids  are  advertised  for  and 
the  contract  awarded  to  the  lowest  bidder.  Estimates  as  to  cost  are 
made  by  the  architect,  and  his  advice  is  largely  relied  upon.  "He  knows 
the  value  of  work  of  that  kind.  Architects  have  a  system  of  measure- 
ments by  which  they  can  tell  about  what  a  building  should  cost."  Oral, 
not  written  statements  are  made  by  the  architect. 

Ques.  Do  you  consider  an  estimate  made  in  that  rough  way,  relia- 
ble for  so  large  a  structure? 

Ans.  It  is  probably  not  very  close,  but  we  could  tell  pretty  nearly 
what  die  building  snould  cost. 

The  board  roli.e?  on  the  architect — "the  competition  of  the  bidders 
and  the  general  cost  of  a  structure  of  that  kind." 

Bids  are  frequently  rejected — "We  advertised  very  thoroughly  on 
the  heating  and  plumbing  bids  for  the  new  central  building.  The 
lowest  bidder  was  Kurtz  &  Company  of  Des  Moines,  and  in  consulta- 
tion with  Professor  Bissell,  an  estimate  was  made  by  him,  and  after 
considering  the  matter,  we  concluded  the  bids  were  too  high.  We  de- 
cided to  buy  the  materials  ourselves  and  get  some  one  to  do  the  work 
for  us.  We  made  a  contract  with  Kurtz  &  Company  to  superintend  the 
work  on  what  was  known  as  the  per  cent  basis.  Ten  per  cent  was  al- 

104 


lowed  for  purchasing  this  material  for  us  and  ten  per  cent  for  his 
profit  in  furnishing  the  labor,  and  he  guarantees  that  the  entire  con- 
tract shall  not  exceed  the  lowest  bid,  which  was  his  own.  Professor 
Bissell  checks  over  his  purchases,  and  we  are  protected  in  that  way 
That  is  the  only  contract  we  ever  let  on  that  basis — for  work  of  that 
magnitude,  we  did  not  have  the  men  nor  the  equipment  and  could  not 
have. done  the  work." 

Ques.  Then  what  would  be  your  idea  about  employing  a  man  for 
that  purpose? 

Ans.  Well  if  we  could  get  a  man  that  was  an  expert  plumber, 
mechanical  engineer,  expert  architect  and  contractor  as  well  as  builder, 
for  a  reasonable  salary,  I  think  it  would  be  a  good  investment. 

After  receiving  bids  "we  take  the  lowest  bid  and  consult  with  the 
architect  and  engineer,  and  if  we  think  the  lowest  bid  a  good  and  rea- 
sonable one,  we  accept  it,  and  award  the  contract." 

Bids  on  Central  Building — 

Benson  &  Marxer $390,000 

Cap  City  Brick  &  Pipe  Co 367,000 

James  Rawson  &   Son    402,196 

H.   W.   Schlueter 351,685 

Now  these  bids  were  all  rejected.     May  6,  1903,  bids  were  opened. 

George   J.    Grant $364,892 

H.   W.   Schlueter    325.267 

James  Rawson  &  Son 346,418 

W.    J.    McAlton    355,100 

Cap.  City  Brick  &  Pipe  Co 365,000 

You  will  find  on  the  biennial  reports,  for  the  last  three  or  four  re- 
ports,  bids  on  all  the  buildings  erecting  during  that  time.  The  amounts 
are  given  in  that  report. 

Bids  on  Dairy  Building  — 

H.   W.   Schlueter    .  .- $47,800.00 

Marcus    N.    Hall 59,000.00 

John  R.  Gear 55,841 .  00 

E.  W.  Nichols  &  Co 59,487.45 

The  bid  accepted  was  that  of  W.  H.  Schlueter  at  $45,800. 
Same — Manner  of  Letting  Contracts. — Prof.  Marston:  In  regard 
to  the  method  employed  by  the  college  in  letting  contracts  for  build- 
ings, I  would  say  that  it  is  exactly  the  method  which  is  employed  by 
the  best  business  corporations  in  private  work  and  which  is  often  pre- 
scribed by  law  for  public  work.  This  method  is  that  of  having  the  cost 
of  the  building  estimated  by  an  expert  architect,  of  advertising  thor- 
oughly for  sealed  bids,  and  of  awarding  the  work  to  the  lowest  respon- 
sible bidder,  with  the  advice  of  our  architect,  assisted  by  the  college 
engineer  and  our  mechanical  engineer  on  the  engineering  features. 

Experience  in  attempting  to  do  state  work  in  any  other  way  than 
awarding  contracts  in  this  public  and  guarded  way  is  disastrous,  and 
It  has  been  found  that  such  work  has  been,  as  a  rule  more  costly  than 

105 


contract  work,  besides  opening  many  more  opportunities  for  favoritism 
and  other  objectionable  practices. 

In  regard  to  estimating  the  cost  of  a  building,  I  would  say  that 
the  architect  who  prepares  the  designs  really  has  more  complete  and 
detailed  information  regarding  the  features  of  the  building  and  is  bet- 
ter able  as  a  good  architect  to  estimate  the  cost  than  any  other  person 
you  could  employ.  He  is  familiar  with  all  the  features,  and  an  expert 
architect  has  a  higher  degree  of  skill  than  the  ordinary  builder  or 
superintendent.  I  have  had  much  experience  in  connection  with  the 
estimating  of  work  and  my  experience  is  that  the  best  experienced  man 
finds  it  impossible  usually  before  hand  to  exactly  estimate  the  cost  of 
the  work.  *  *  *  Contractors'  themselves  make  wide  differences.  I 
can  recall  a  difference  of  $40,000  made  on  a  bid  for  a  single  building 
for  the  college.  This  was  the  case  with  the  central  building,  the  bids 
which  were  let  some  time  ago  were  $325,000  and  $365,000.  In  the 
case  of  engineering  hall  the  lowest  bid  on  the  main  part  of  the  work 
was  $155,000,  while  the  highest  bid  was  $190,000  or  more. 

In  connection  with  the  possibility  of  preparing  exact  estimates  be- 
forehand, I  would  say  that  the  courts  have  held  that  if  the  actual  cost 
of  the  building  comes  within  25  per  cent  of  the  estimated  cost  the 
architect  who  agreed  to  prepare  plans  for  a  building  to  cost  a  certain 
sum  has  fulfilled  his  contract.  That  is,  25  per  cent  variation  from  the 
estimated  cost  is  not  an  unreasonable  amount.  My  experience  Is  that 
this  rule  of  the  courts  should  be  just  and  proper.  I  have  known  esti- 
mates made  by  skillful  men  to  vary  50  per  cent  from  the  actual  cost. 

Ques.  For  example,  take  the  Dairy  Building.  If  you  had  decided 
upon  the  size,  plans,  specifications,  material  to  be  used  inside  and  out. 
and  the  fire-proofing,  by  going  upon  the  market  and  getting  the  best 
prices  on  the  material  named,  could  you  not  have  made  a  pretty  close 
estimate  on  the  cost  of  the  building? 

Ans.  Yes,  I  think  I  could  have  made  a  pretty  fair  estimate.  Of 
course  there  should  be  allowed  a  considerable  per  cent,  perhaps  25 
per  cent,  in  accordance  with  the  court  rule  before  mentioned,  for  un- 
avoidable uncertainties  in  such  estimates.  (Transcript,  84-86.) 

Method  of  Inspection  of  Work  on  Buildings. — I  have  general  charge 
of  the  work  and  visit  it  frequently.  The  work  on  the  new  Central 
building  is  within  sight  of  my  office  window.  I  also  employ  inspectors  to 
remain  constantly  on  the  work  inspecting  it  as  each  part  progresses. 
These  inspectors  determine  whether  the  mortar  is  mixed  in  the  proper 
proportions,  they  throw  out  any  defective  sacks  of  cement  or  poor 
brick  or  other  materials,  and  see  that  the  masonry  is  laid  and  all  other 
work  done  in  strict  accordance  with  the  specifications.  They  report 
promptly  to  me  any  features  of  poor  workmanship  or  materials  and  I 
decide  what  shall  be  done  in  doubtful  cases.  When  I  find  poor  work- 
manship or  defective  material  on  my  visits  to  the  work  I  require  them 
to  be  corrected  even  to  the  extent  of  tearing  down  work  already  in. 

I  would  say  that  our  materials  are  tested  as  they  arrive.  For  ex- 
ample, a  certain  number  of  samples  are  taken  from  each  car  of  cement 
and  tested  in  our  cement  laboratory  and  the  cement  is  required  to 

106 


meet  certain  specified  requirements  as  to  strength  and  other  qualities. 

In  the  case  of  steel,  I  employ  inspecting  companies  who  inspect  and 
test  the  material  first  at  the  mills  where  it  is  manufactured  and  second 
at  the  shops  where  it  is  worked  up  into  the  forms  in  which  it  is  to 
be  used  in  the  building.  They  test  the  tensile  strength,  ducility, 
chemical  composition,  and  other  properties  of  the  steel  and  make  regu- 
lar reports  which  are  kept  on  file.  The  erection  of  the  steel. is  inspected 
at  the  college.  Our  men,  for  example,  test  the  rivets  to  see  whether 
they  are  tight,  and  other  features  of  the  erection  work  are  inspected 
carefully. 

Our  inspectors  employed  at  the  college  are,  as  a  rule,  advanced  en- 
gineering students  of  previous  experience  in  engineering  work.  Our 
head  inspector  on  the  central  building  is  a  student  who  had  had  sev- 
eral years  experience  in  engineering  work  before  coming  here,  and  one 
of  the  sub-inspectors  was  employed  several  years  in  a  structural  steel 
drafting  room  before  coming  here.  I  employ  a  sufficient  number  of 
inspectors  to  enable  one  to  be  kept  constantly  on  the  work.  These 
men  are  paid  by  the  hour. 

By  our  system  we  have  men  in  general  charge  who  are  more  ex- 
pert engineers  than  any  superintendent  employed  by  the  year  for  all 
classes  of  work  could  be,  and  we  have  inspectors  constantly  on  the 
work,  where  a  superintendent  could  be  only  part  of  the  time,  since  his 
other  duties  would  require  part  of  his  time  to  be  spent  elsewhere. 
Moreover  the  total  cost  of  superintendence  and  inspection  is  much  less 
with  us  than  the  salary  of  a  superintendent,  as  our  inspectors  are  paid 
only  when  work  is  actually  going  on,  and  our  local  superintendents 
are  not  allowed  any  increase  in  salary  for  this  work. 

Architects — Compensation. — Architect  for  making  plans  and  speci- 
fications and  for  superintending  the  work  during  the  erection  of  build- 
ings is  paid  three  per  cent  of  the  cost  price.  He  visits  the  college  three 
or  four  times  a  month.  (Transcript,  81.) 

Architects — Compensation. — Following  is  a  statement  of  the  amount 
paid  architects  for  five  years  ending  June  30,  1905: 

Proudfoot  &  Bird. 

August  29,   1900 $  1,500  .  00 

June  19,   1902 151.18 

November  22,  1902 812.87 

February  19.    1903    1,000 . 00 

May  28,  1903    1,000.00 

July  15,    1903    4,000 . 00 

September   23,    1903    300.00 

May  3,  1904 500.00 

June  2,  1904 1,850.75 

June  2,  1904    , 563.57 

August  26,   1904 151.20 

November   7.    1904 1,000  .  00 

June  30,  1905    481.00 


$13,310.57 

107 


Liebbe,  Nourse  and  Rasmussen. 

August  23,   1900    25.00 

September  29,   1900    12.00 

October   1,   1900    237.00 

May  1,  1901 200.00 

August  4,   1902    345.60 


$  819.60 
Hallett  and  Rawson. 

September  22,  1900  ,  . 145.95 

November  17,  1900   131.43 

April  16,  1902    198.60 


$     475.98 
(Treasurer  Knapp  to  the  Committee,  December  2,  1905.) 

Educational  Work. — President  Storms:  As  to  the  scope  of  the  edu- 
cational work  of  the  institution  I  would  refer  you  to  page  5,  section  4 
of  the  Rules  and  Regulations,  which  gives  a  statement  from  the  original 
land  grant  act.  *  *  *  "Certain  money  shall  go  to  the  endowment, 
support  and  maintenance  of  at  least  one  college,  where  the  leading 
object  shall  be,  without  excluding  other  scientific  and  classical  studies, 
and  including  military  tactics,  to  teach  such  branches  of  learning  as 
are  related  to  agriculture  and  the  mechanic  arts,  in  such  manner  as 
the  legislatures  of  the  states  may  respectively  prescribe,  in  order  to 
promote  the  liberal  and  practical  education  of  the  industrial  classes 
in  the  several  pursuits  and  professions  of  life." 

Supplementing  that  on  page  9,  section  1,  of  this  report,  it  says: 
"Certain  money  to  be  applied  only  to  instruction  in  agriculture,  the 
mechanic  arts,  the  English  language  and  the  various  branches  of  math- 
ematical, physical,  natural  and  economic  science,  with  special  reference 
to  their  application  in  the  industries  of  life  and  to  the  facilites  for 
such  instruction." 

On  page  34,  section  VIII,  from  the  State  Statutes:  "There  shall  be 
adopted  and  taught  practical  courses  of  study  embracing  in  their 
teaching  branches  such  as  relate  to  agriculture  and  the  mechanic 
arts,  and  such  other  branches  as  are  best  calculated  to  thoroughly 
educate  the  agricultural  and  industrial  classes  in  the  several  pursuits 
and  professions  of  life,  including  military  tactics,  and,  as  a  separate 
department,  a  school  of  mines,  in  which  a  complete  course  is  theoret- 
ical and  practical  mining  in  its  different  branches  shall  be  taught." 

Perhaps  that  is  sufficient  to  indicate  the  evident  scope  and  purpose 
of  the  educational  work  of  the  institution  in  the  minds  of  its  founders 
and  as  stated  in  the  statutes,  and  we  have  construed  this  to  mean,  as 
indicated,  the  broad  and  thorough  education  of  the  youth  who  come 
here  for  that  purpose;  the  difference  between  this  and  the  older  type 
of  school  and  the  older  curricula  being  the  transfer  of  emphasis  from 
the  classical  studies  to  the  science  and  the  sciences  as  applied  to  the 

108 


industries  of  life.  It  becomes,  therefore,  in  a  large  sense  an  institu- 
tion of  technology  with  special  reference  to  the  leading  industries  and 
the  application  of  science  to  those  industries.  We  believe  that  the 
study  of  science  and  of  applied  science  has  an  educational  value  that 
is  not  inferior  to  the  value  of  the  older  curricula  and  that  in  dignity 
and  educational  value  an  institution  of  this  kind  with  its  purposes 
and  spirit  and  scope  stands  along  side  of  the  older  type  of  university 
and  college,  and  we  believe  that  when  young  people  pass  out  from 
instruction  here  they  are  more  in  sympathy  with  the  actual  indus- 
tries of  the  world  and  are  better  prepared  to  put  themselves  to  the 
business  of  the  world  with  efficiency  than  they  would  be  with  a  more 
abstract  type  of  education.  However,  it  never  has  been  construed  to 
be  an  attitude  inimical  to  classical  culture  whose  value  we  recognize* 
as  all  men  do.  Now  in  carrying  out  this  purpose  the  institution  is  de- 
veloping its  work  in  science  as  fundamental  to  all  our  courses.  The 
courses  in  science  include  general  culture  studies,  particularly  in 
English  and  a  general  survey  of  history  and  the  science  of  methe- 
matics  and  economic  science  and  civics  or  civil  government,  and  lay 
a  broad  foundation  for  the  study  of  the  pure  sciences,  as  chemistry — 
(no  student  can  pass  through  any  four  years  course  without  at  least 
a  year  of  chemistry) — botany,  zoology  and  physics.  The  four  years 
science  courses  lead  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science  and  are 
more  generally  understood  than  the  technical  sides  of  our  work. 

(Transcript,  90-91.) 

Same. — Dean  Curtis:  Our  work  in  this  department  of  the  institu- 
tion has  been  more,  largely  in  the  collegiate  courses,  than  in  most 
of  the  institutions  of  similar  nature  in  adjoining  states.  In  the  sur- 
rounding states  the  short  courses  has  been  emphasized,  and  until  re- 
cently the  attendance  in  some  of  the  institutions  has  been  almost  en- 
tirely enrolled  in  these  courses.  Recently,  however,  they  have  strenth- 
ened  and  emphasized  the  work  in  the  four  year  collegiate  courses  cor- 
responding to  those  in  this  institution,  and  the  attendance  in  those 
courses  in  other  institutions  has  increased  very  rapidly  of  late.  Our 
work  differs  from  that  of  other  institutions  in  that  we  have  always 
emphasized  the  work  in  the  collegiate  courses  and  have  always  had 
the  greater  number  of  our  students  enrolled  in  these  courses.  Then, 
in  addition,  we  have  established  two  weeks  courses  in  stock  judging, 
agronomy  and  dairying,  and  during  the  past  winter  work  in  Domestic 
Science  was  offered  in  connection  with  this,  and  that  has  proven  very 
popular.  This  institution  was  first  to  establish  the  special  two  weeks 
courses,  and  since  then  at  least  six  or  seven  other  institutions  have  of- 
fered similar  courses. 

Then,  in  addition  to  the  two  lines  of  work  I  have  mentioned, 
namely,  the  collegiate  four  year  courses  in  agriculture  and  the  special 
two  weeks  courses,  we  have  an  arrangement  by  which  those  who  feel 
that  they  cannot  afford  to  give  four  years  time  to  college  work  can 
take  special  courses  of  one  or  two  years,  and  they  are  allowed  to  select 
special  courses  of  study  along  the  lines  of  agriculture  in  which 
they  wish  to  work.  Those  studies  are  selected  from  the  four  years 

109 


collegiate  course.  Many  of  the  students  who  take  up  that  work  as 
special  students  conclude  to  complete  a  four  years  course  and  the 
work  which  they  took  up  as  special  work  is  credited  on  the  four  years 
course.  We  also  have  a  one  year  course  in  butter  and  cheese  making. 
(Transcript,  63-64.) 

Same. — Professor  Marston:  As  regards  the  history  of  our  en- 
gineering departments  and  their  development,  I  would  say  that  since 
beginning  we  have  had  the  courses  in  engineering,  especially  mechan- 
ical and  civil.  Electrical  engineering  was  a  later  development  and 
was  established  about  fifteen  years  ago,  at  about  the  same  time  as 
courses  in  electrical  engineering  were  first  developed  at  other  tech- 
nical institutions.  The  course  in  mining  engineering  was  established 
in  obedience  to  a  special  act  passed  by  the  legislature  in  1892. 

As  regards  the  nature  and  the  standard  of  our  engineering  work, 
I  would  say  that  we  have  about  the  same  requirement  for  admission 
as  the  Universities  of  Nebraska,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota  and  Illinois, 
with  all  the  schools  through  which  we  come  in  close  relationship 
along  these  lines.  As  regards  the  nature  of  the  work  in  the  engineer- 
ing courses,  it  is  about  the  same  as  is  given  in  the  engineering 
courses  of  the  good  engineering  schools  of  the  country.  Transcript, 
92.) 

Professor  Barrett — High  School  Inspector — President  Storms:  He 
has  the  chair  of  Civics,  and  there  has  been  also  assigned  to  him  the 
somewhat  indefinite  task  of  reorganizing  the  college  in  its  relation 
the  secondary  schools  of  the  state.  We  find,  for  instance,  that 
less  than  one-half  the  high  schools  of  the  state  are  on  the  accredited 
list  or  the  partially  accredited  list.  There  are  175  high  schools  not 
on  the  list  at  all  and  we  feel  there  should  be  some  knd  of  relation- 
ship established  between  the  college  and  these  schools  that  the  way 
might  be  opened  for  them  to  come  to  the  college  for  work  which  we 
offer.  It  is  a  large  field  and  he  is  particularly  qualified  to  deal  with 
that  question  because  of  his  six  years  experience  as  state  superintend- 
ent. 

Ques.     Does  he  visit  high  schools? 

Ans.  The  board  has  authorized  him  to  do  so  as  far  as  he  can  and 
carry  his  work  here.  We  have  tried  to  arrange  his  time  so  that  the 
latter  part  of  each  week  he  can  make  engagements  outside. 

Ques.     Is  not  the  same  work  being  done  at  the  University? 

Ans.  They  have  a  high  school  inspector  who  spends  his  entire 
time  in  the  state.  By  co-operation  of  the  colleges  and  the  university 
there  has  been  compiled  a  partial  list  of  the  schools  of  the  state. 

Ques.  Do  Professor  Barrett  and  the  University  man  act  together 
u,nd  consult  each  other? 

Ans.  There  has  been  no  mapping  out  of  the  state  between  them 
so  far  as  I  know.  The  college  has  been  in  co-operation  with  the  State 
Teachers'  Association  which  includes  the  University  and  has  gladly 
accepted  and  gladly  given  any  information  obtainable  from  any  re- 
liable source  as  to  the  work  being  done  by  the  high  schools,  and  thus 

no 


we    have    made    up    our    list    of    accredited    and    partially    accredited 
schools.      (Transcript,  104.) 

Same. — President  Storms:  Concerning  Professor  Barrett's  work 
it  should  be  added  that  Professor  Barrett,  at  the  request  of  the  presi- 
dent and  as  chairman  of  the  faculty  committee  on  entrance  require- 
ments, has  taken  over  from  the  president's  office  largely  the  corres- 
pondence concerning  entrance  to  the  college  and  has  shared  with  the 
president  the  responsibility  of  meeting  so  far  as  possible  the  requests 
from  teachers  associations  and  institutes,  through  the  state,  for  ad- 
dresses upon  educational  themes.  The  high  school  inspection  or  vis- 
iting thus  far  done  has  been  quite  limited  as  Professor  Barrett  has 
had  but  little  time  to  give  to  this  work.  (Transcript,  105.) 


ill 


STATEMENT    OF  THE  WORK  OF  INSTRUCTORS. 

The  following   detailed  statements   have   been   made  to   the- 
committee  under  date  of  November  25,  1905: 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MATHEMATICS. 

Below  is   a   table    showing  in    detail   the  work  of  each   in- 
structor in  the  Department  of  Mathematics: 


Name  of 
Instructor. 

Hours 
Instruction. 

Hours 
Laboratory. 

Number 
Sectious 

Students  in 
Section. 

Prof   E    W    Stanton 

11 

30  each 

Maria  M    Roberts 

19 

3  sections  1  day 

20  each 

B.  A.    Pattengill  

25  * 

.::...'  '.'.'. 

8  sections  1  day 
5  sections  daily 
1  additional  section 
14  davs 

from  5-40 
from  17-81 

Julia  T.  Colpitts  

23 

5  sections  3  days 

Annie  Fleming 

25  *  hrs. 



4  secti  jn  2  days 
5  sections  daily 

from  17-30 

1  additional  section 

from  14-28 

13  dttvs 

Ward  M.  Jones  

25  * 

5  sect  ions  daily 

1  additional  section 

from  19-31 

16  days 

J    F    TraviB  

20  * 

4  sections  daily 



1  additional  beet-ion 
11  days 

from  16-88 

Margarat  Stanton  

11 



2  sections  4  days 

28-38 
19 

*  Erma  Wiley  

5 

1  section  daily 

25 

*  .Keo  Anderson 

5 

1  section  daily 

20 

*  Agnes  Moshfcr  

5 

1  section  daily 

10 

174  * 

This  makes  on  an  average  85  sections  daily  in  the  department.  One  section  has  only  5 
students,  there  are  7  others  under  20.  The  remaining  27  range  in  size  from  20  to  40. 

*  Student  Assistants. 

Notel.  With  the  exception  of  Mathematics  XIII.  2  hours  and  Mathematics  XVI.  4 
hours,  all  classes  are  5  hours  per  week. 

Note  2.  The  several  instructors  meet  each  day  and  average  of  different  students  as 
follows : 


Prof.  Stanton 60 

Miss  Roberts 78 

Mr.  Pattengill 117 

Miss  Colpitts 101 

Miss  Fleming  108 

Mr.  Jonen 119 

Mr.  Travis 117 

Note  that  the  above  is  the  number  of  different  students  on  the  average  per  day. 
he  basis  of  individuaslg  per  week  this  would  be: 


Miss  Stanton . .  57 

Miss  Wiley 35 

Miss  Anderson 29 

MissMosher 10 


On 


Miss  Stanton 282 

Miss  Wiley .' 125 

Miss  Anderson 100 

MissMosher 50 

8,910 


Prof.  Stanton 300 

MissRoberts    890 

Mr.   Pattengill 585 

Miss  Colpitts 505 

Miss  Fleming 540 

Mr. Jones 590 

Mr.   Travis  570 


There  are  859  classified  students  in  different  studies  in  the  department. 
Note  3.     In  addition  to  the  above  time,  which  is  given  to  the  class  as  a  whole,  the 
various  teachers  put  in  on  the  average,  the  following  number  of  hours  individual  help 
with  students : 

Miss  Roberts.  5  hours  per  week. 
Mr.  Pattengill,  5  hours  per  week. 
Miss  Colpitts,  5  hours  per  week. 


112 


Miss  Fleming,  2  hours  per  week. 
Mr.  Jones,  2  hours  per  week. 
Mr.  Travis,  3  hours  per  week. 

The  student  teachers  each  average  an  hour  or  more  daily  in  private  work  with  stu- 
dents and  for  this  they  receive  no  pay. 

Note  4.  Before  classes  began  this  term,  the  teachers  of  the  department  were  occu- 
pied as  follows : 

Miss  Roberts,  14  full  days  preparing  classification  cards  and  helping  with  classi- 
fication on  opening  days. 

Mr.  Fattengill,  10  days  om  same  work  as  Miss  Roberts. 
Mils  Colpitts,  4  full  days  (including  evenings)  on  examinations. 
Miss  Fleming,  6  days  on  time  table  committee. 
Mr.  Jones,  4  days  on  classification  work.    Mr.  Travis,  One  day  on  examination. 

Note  5.  During  the  year  .we  examine  a  large  number  of  schools  in  their  mathe- 
matics. The  department  force  will  spend  not  less  than  100  hours  in  this  work  this  term, 
fully  80  of  which  is  done  by  Miss  Colpitts. 

Note  6.  Miss  Roberts  takes  charge  of  the  Mathematical  Offices  afternoons  daily,  and 
on  the  average  puts  in  four  additional  hours  each  day  at  this  work.  Her  time  is  occupied 
in  consulting  students  about  their  work  in  the  department,  changes  in  their  classifica- 
tion, and  with  special  examinations.  She  also  keeps  up  the  records  of  the  office,  attends 
to  the  department  mail,  directs  the  work  in  mimeographing  such  supplemental  work  as 
is  used  in  the  various  classes  and  such  other  work  as  naturally  falls  to  a  department 
office. 

Note  7.  Time  given  to  preparation  for  classes.  In  order  to  conduct  large  classes  ia 
mathematics  with  success,  instructors  must  devote  much  time  to  preparation,  especially 
in  the  advanced  work.  Preparation  in  algebra,  trigonometry,  analytic  geometry,  calcu- 
us,  etc.  should  take,  for  instance,  as  much  time  on  the  average  as  for  classes  in  any  other 
department. 

DEPARTMENT   OF  MECHANICAL   ENGINEERING. 

Number  of  students  classified  in  the  four  years'  course  in 
Mechanical  Engineering,  129. 

Number  of  students  from  other  courses  taking  work  in  the 
Department  of  Mechanical  Engineering,  275. 

Below  is  a  detailed  statement  of  the  work  of  each  instructor 
in  this  department : 


Name  of 
Instructor. 

Hours 
Instruction. 

Hours 
Laboratory. 

Number 
Section. 

Students  in 
Section. 

H    W    Dow 

7 

8 

7 

19-19  29  27  23* 

W    M    Wilson     

11 

3 

81-37-58 

M    P  Cleghorn 

4 

16 

5 

27-11-13-15-19, 

E    C    Potter        

44 

11 

168 

F    H    Ricker            

18 

is 

13-22-18 

W    E    Reuling 

8 

2 

11-22 

F    6    Allen           ....         

2 

28 

9 

319 

J    H    Lyton                         .  .         . 

30 

11 

296 

E    M    Slangier  

44 

11 

163 

J.  GK  Hummel  ,  

44 

11 

120 

87 

11 

188 

D    M    Ourl         

44 

11 

183 

W    H    Meeker  

5 

16 

7 

38-46-40-11-18; 

Q    W    Bissell 

7 

16 

g 

15-9 
44  19-46-40-10 

10-10-10 

118 


DEPARTMENT   OF    CIVIL   ENGINEERING. 


Number  of  students  in  the  four  year  course  in  Civil  Engineer- 
ing, 261. 

Number  of  students  classified  in  other  courses  taking  work  in 
your  department,  127  (This  is  for  second  semester  only). 

Below  is  a  table  showing  in, detail  the  work  of  each  instructor 
in  this  department. 


Name  of  Instructor. 

Hours 
Instruction. 

Hours 
Laboratory. 

No. 

Sections. 

Students  in 
Section. 

.A..   Marston  

f 

0* 

3 

82  to  52 

L    E   Ashbaugh 

7 

18* 

ft 

30  to  85 

F.   G.   French    ... 

g 

19* 

7 

17  to  42 

T.   H.   MacDonald  
J.  E.  Stewart  

2 
4 

12** 
33 

S 

7 

80  to  40 
14  to  47 

C.  Johnson  

4 

21 

6 

14  to  36 

*  The  above  doea  not  count  in  any  of  the  office  work.  In  the  case  of  Professor  Marston 
the  office  and  general  work  would  probably  average  about  eight  hours  per  day.  In  the 
case  of  professors  Ashbaugh  and  French,  they  are  consulted  by  students  in.  the  office 
frequently,  besides  their  correspondence  and  other  office  work. 

**  Most  of  Mr.  MacDonald's  time  is  taken  up  by  the  good  roads  work  and  is  paid  for 
from  the  Good  Roads  Fund.  In  his  laboratory  work  there  are  two  student  assistants 
who  have  immediate  charge  of  the  rooms  and.  Mr.  MacDonald  exercises  only  general 
oversight.  Mr.  MacDonald's  work  would  probably  average  ten  hours  per  day. 

Note.  In  addition  to  the  above,  student  assistants  are  employed  in  marking  the  Des- 
criptive Geometry  problems,  of  which  hundreds  require  examination  every  week. 

DEPARTMENT   OF   MINING   ENGINEERING. 

Number  of  students  classified  in  the  four  year  course  in  Min- 
ing Engineering,  30. 

Number  of  students  classified  in  other  courses  taking  work 
in  the  Department  of  Mining  Engineering,  48. 

Below  is  a  table  showing  in  detail  the  work  of  each  Instructor 
in  this  Department: 


Name  of 
Instructors. 

Hours. 
Instruction. 

Hours. 
Laboratory. 

No. 
Sections. 

Students  in 
Section. 

8.    W.    Beyer  

13 

General  over- 

1 

10  (5  hr.  ) 

E.   B.  Bugbec  

17 

sight  of  Labor- 
atory impossi- 
ble to  estimate 
in  hours  

9  Thesis  work 

1 

1 
Seminary 

35  (5  hr.) 

7  (S  hr.  ) 
14  (1  hr.) 
13  (3  hr.  ) 

I.  A.  Williams  

5 

3  Mining 

2 

9  (3  hr.  ) 
4  (4  hr.) 
4  (1  hr.  ) 
8  (8  hr  ) 

8  Gen'l  Geol. 

6  (3  hr.  ) 

114 


DEPARTMENT   OF   DAIRYING. 


Number  of  students  classified  in  the  four  year  course  in 
Dairying,  17. 

Number  of  students  classified  in  other  courses  taking  work 
in  the  Dairy  Department,  23. 

Below  is  a  table  showing  in  detail  the  work  of  each  instructor 
in  this  department: 


Name  of 
Instructor. 

Hours. 
Instruction 
per  week. 

Hours. 
Laboratory. 

No. 
Section. 

Students  in 
Section. 

Q.  L.  M'Kay  

2 

1 

1 

5 

F.   W.   Bouska 

1 
18 

2 
1 

1 

1 

3 
17 

C.  Larsen  

1 
0 
0 
2 

0 
8 
2 
1 

1 

1 
1 

9 

5 
5 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

2 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

6 

4 
9 
9 

DEPARTMENT   OF   SOILS. 

Number  of  students  classified  in  the  four  year  course  in 
Agronomy,  13. 

Number  of  students  classified  in  other  courses  taking  work  in 
the  Department  of  Soils,  24. 

Below  is  a  table  giving  in  detail  the  work  of  each  instructor 
in  the  Department : 


Name  of  Instructor. 
W    H.  Stevenson    . 

Hours 
Instruction. 

6 

Hours 
Laboratory. 

6 

Number 
Sections. 

3 

Students 
In  Section. 

18  18-10 

G.  I.  Christie  

12 

2 

18 

I    O.  Schaub  

12 

10 

115 


DRPARTKENT   OF   ANIMAL   HUSBANDRY. 

Number  of  students  classified  in  the  four  years  course  of 
Animal  Husbandry,  122. 

Number  of  special  students  classified  for  work  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  Animal  Husbandry,  43. 

Number  of  students  classified  for  work  in  other  courses  tak- 
ing work  in  the  department  of  Animal  Husbandry,  105. 

Below  is  a  table  showing  in  detail  the  work  of  each  instructor 
in  this  department. 


Name  of  Instructor. 

Hrs.  Instruc- 
tion per  Week 

Hours 
Laboratory. 

Number 
Sections. 

Students  in 
Section. 

W.  J.  Rutherford  II  
VII 

2 
2 

4 

1 
1 

37 
36 

x  

2 

1 

24 

Post  Graduate             .   .  . 

1 

1 

3 

Wayne  Dinsmore  II 

1 

33 

2 

1 

29 

v 

2 

1 

63 

Carl  W.  GET          II 

1 

37 

IV  
W    W   Smith          II 

2 

1 
1 

25 

27 

IX 

2 

1 

41 

Dairy                         X  

1 

1 

8 

O.  W.  Rubel  assists  Professor  Rutherford's  section  of  II. 

DEPARTMENT   OF  FARM   MECHANICS. 

Number  of  students  taking  workjin  the  department  of  Farm 
Mechanics,  78. 

Below  is  a  table  showing  in  detail  the~work  of  each  instructor 
in  this  Department : 


Name  of 
Instructor. 

Hours 
Instruction. 

Hours 
Laboratory. 

Number 
Sections. 

Students  of 
Sections. 

O.  J.  Zintheo  
*  H    N    Bainer 

5 

14 

8 

1 
2 

78 
18-24 

A.  C.   Athwton  

24 

12 

108 

John  Hoover  

8 

3 

16-18-10 

*  Student  Assistant. 

DEPAPTMENT   OF  HORTICULTURE. 

Number  of  students  in  the  four  year  course  in  Horticulture. 

Number  of  students  classified  in  other  courses  taking  work  in 
the  Department  of  Horticulture. 

Below  is  a  table  showing  in  detail  the  work  of  each  instructor 
in  this  Department. 


Name  of 
Instructor. 

Hours 
Instruction. 

Hours 
Laboratory. 

Number 
Sections. 

Students    in 
Sections. 

•    AT   Erwin        .  .. 

g 

7 

1C9 

•HP   Baker 

Q 

g 

3 

22 

M.L.  Merritt  

8 

12 

6 

104 

•One-half  time  belongs  to  the  Experiment  Station. 

116 


DEPARTMENT   OF   CHEMISTRY. 

Number  of  students  taking  work  in  the  Department  of  Chem- 
istry, 302. 

Below  is  a  table  showing  in  detail  the  work  of  each  instruc- 
tor in  the  Department : 


Name  of  Instructor. 

Hours 
Instruction. 

Hours 
Laboratory. 

No. 

Sections. 

Students  in 
Sections. 

A    A.  Bennett 

14 

24 

g 

90 

L    A    Placeway 

11 

24 

4 

110 

W.  P.  Conver    

6 

24 

3 

62        . 

B    C    McKinney 

6 

24 

2 

41 

flT.  A.  Bevan  

24 

E.   Mckimm 

24 

B.   81«ter           

24 

The  last  three  names  on  the  list  employ  their  morning  hours  in 
preparation  of  materials,  etc. 


DEPARTMENT   OF   BOTANY. 


Total  number  of  students  taking  work  in  the  Department  of 
Botany . 

Below  is  a  table  showing  in  detail  the  work  of  each  instructor 
in  this  Department : 


Name  of  Instructor. 

Hours 
Instruction. 

Hours 
Laboratory. 

No. 
Sections. 

Students  in 
Section. 

L    H.  Pammel  XIV  

I 

2 

XV 

2 

3 

1 

g 

I  

1 

2 

28-47 

XI 

1 

3 

1 

g 

X  

1 

3 

1 

2 

Ill 

3 

1 

T4 

VIII  

2 

XVI 

1 

21 

XVI  

1 

1 

Post  Graduate      .      .  .           

2 

3 

5 

R.  B    Buchanan 

12 
3 

12 
24 

7 
4 

148-167  ~~ 
25-2-2-2 

Estelle  Fogle  

16 

4 

28-26-21-21 

H.  8.  Fawcett  

16 

4 

20-18-19-18 

117 


DEPARTMENT    0°    ZOO' OGY. 


Number  of  students  taking  work  in  department  of  Zoology, 
224. 

Below  is  a  table  showing  in  detail  the  work  of  each  in- 
structor in  the  Department : 


Name  of  Instructor. 

Hours 
I  nstruction. 

Hours 
Laboratory. 

No. 

Section. 

Students  in 
Section. 

H 

E    Summers 

12 

Too  variable 

9 

54-55-20 

to  estimate. 

19-15-15 
21-21-1 

In  laboratory  work,  4  students,  each  working  individually  9  hours  per  week,  part  of 
their  time  being  simultaneous,  part  separate. 


j.  'E. 

GFuthrie        

0 

20 

5 

148 

0.   E. 

Bartholomew  

0 

20 

5 

148 

DEPARTMENT   OF   ECONOMIC    SCIENCE. 

Number  of  students  taking  work  in  the  Department  of  Econ- 
omic Science. 

Below  is  a  table  showing  in  detail  the  work  of  each  instructor 
in  the  Department. 


Name  of  Instructor. 

Hours 
Instruction. 

Hours 
Laboratory. 

No. 
Section. 

Students  in 
Section. 

B    H    Hibbard      I 

5 

1 

54 

V 

3 

1 

22 

VI 

n 

1 

17 

IV  

2 

1 

27 

DEPARTMENT   OF    DOMESTIC    SCIENCE. 

Number  of   students   in  the   four   year   course  in    Domestic 

Science. 

Total  number  of  students  taking  work  in  the  Department 
of  Domestic  Science,  304. 

Below  is  a  table  showing  in  detail  the  work  of  each  instructor 
in  this  Department: 


Name  of  Instructor. 

Hours 
Instruction. 

Hours 
Laboratory. 

No 
Section. 

Students  in 
Section. 

Frances  Williams  

2 

18 

6 

15-15-16 

Ruth  Morrison 

2 

9 

4 

12-13-9 

Qeorgetta  Witter  

4 

12 

5 

19-13-30-11 

19-19-16-H-25 

Total  number  of  students  taking  work  in  the  Department  of 
Literature  and  Rhetoric,  867. 

Below  is  a  table  showing  in  detail  the  work  of  each  instructor 
in  this  Department. 


N  ame. 

Course. 

Hours. 
Instruction, 

Hours. 
Laboratory  . 

Hours. 
Preparation. 

Sect. 

Students. 

A.  B    Noble  

Lit.    VII 

2 

1 

4-8 

1 

14 

11 
Eng.    VI 

5 
1 

3 
12-14 

10-20 
6-12 

1 
1 

37 
80j 

E   McLean        

Lit.    Ill 

8 
3 

26-28 
1 

20-40 
9-18 

3 
1 

90 
21 

Eng.  VI 
V 
O 

2 
2 
5 

15 

10 
3 

6-12 
4-  8 
8-  5 

1 
2 

1 

73 

86 
21 

Helen  Reed 

Eng    VI 

12 
1 

29 
14 

22-87 
6-12 

6 
1 

201 
86 

"      III 

10 

15 

10 

2 

44 

Effle  White  

Eng.  VI 
"     IV 

11 

1 
2 
5 

29 

14 
16 

9 

16-12 

4-10 
44-  8 
5-10 

3 

1 
2 

1 

80 

26 

78 
26 

Ro^e  Abel 

Ene    VI 

8 

(As  reader) 

SO 
12-14 

18-28 
6-12 

4 

0 

130 
30  10 

M            IV 

5 

18 
7 

10-12 
4-  6 

3 

1 

97 
18 

*Blanche  Thoburn. 

Eng.     II 

8 

10 
5 

87-39 

22 
6 

20-30 

8 
4 

2. 
1 

110-40 

50  . 
18 

Elizabeth  Moore  — 

Sng.  IV 
"      III 

2 

10 

13 

19 

10-15 
10-16 

2 
2 

62 
51 

D.  Thompkins  

Eng.    II 

12 

10 
2 

32 

22 
5 

20-30 

5-8 
4-6 

4 

2 
1 

113 

50 
20 

15 

27 

9-14 

8 

70 

*For  several  weeks  Miss  Thoburn  read  one  set  of  essays  in  English  V 


119 


DEPARTMENT    OF   PUBLIC    SPEAKING. 


Number  of  students  taking  work  in  the  Department  of  Pub- 
lic Speaking,  314. 

Below  is  a  table  showing  in  detail  the  work  of  each  instructor 
in  the  Department : 


Name  of 
Instructor. 

Hours, 
lastruction. 

Hours. 
Laboratory. 

No. 
Sections 

Students  in 
Sections. 

A.M.   Newens  

13 

10 

&A 

13-10-11 

Miss  Lentner 

7 

18 

6 

12-8 
25-"21  3 

Miss  Tilden  (Physical  Culture.) 

8 

5 

4 

25-31-19 
About  18  each. 

Also  has:  Junior  Class  Play,  Senior  Class  Program,  Declam- 
atory Contest,  State  Oratorical  Contest,  Grinnell  Debate. 
Oration  papers,  30  to  45  each  term. 

DEPARTMENT   OF   FRENCH   AND    GKRMAN. 

Number  of  students  taking  work  in  the  Department  of  French 
and  German,  366. 

Below  is  a  table  showing  in  detail  the  work  of  each  instructor 
in  this  Department: 


Name  of 
Instructor. 

Hours. 
Instruction, 

Hours. 
Laboratory. 

No. 
Sections. 

Students  in 
Section. 

Lizzi*  M     Allis 

23 

5 

g 

Grace  Norton 

25 

5 

8 
17 
12 
30 
26 

Florence  Lucas 

22 

5 

86 
23 
M 
16 
6 

Lisle  McCollum 

24 

6 

33 
3 

7 
6 
g 

!? 

30 
10 
16 

120 


DEPARTMENT   OP   HISTORY. 


Number  of  students  taking  work  in  the  Department  of  His- 
tory, 538. 

Below  is  a  table  showing  in  detail  the  work  of  each  instructor 
in  the  department : 


Name  of 
Instructor. 

Hours 
Instruction. 

Beading 
Papers. 

Sections. 

Students  in 
Sections. 

O    H     Cessna  

15 

7 

82 

P    8     Pierce                            .... 

17 

15 

11 

830 

Mae   Miller 

20 

10 

5 

96 

Ethvl  Ces*na        

10 

8 

2 

•so 

Besides  overseeing  the  Department  and  service  as  chaplain, 
which  equals  at  least  48  hours. 

D    PARTMENT   OF   CIVICS. 

Total  number  of  students  enrolled  in  the  Department  of 
Civics,  66. 

Below  is  a  table  showing  in  detail  the  work  of  the  Instructor 
in  this  Department:- 


Name  of 
Instructor. 

Hours 
Instruction. 

Hours 
Laboratory. 

No. 
Sections. 

Students  in 
Sections. 

R.  C.  Barrett  

6 

3                   11-3C-19 

Same. 

Secretary  Stanton :  It  is  not  an  easy  matter  to  tabulate  the 
work  of  our  officers  and  instructors  in  this  way.  In  my  own 
case,  for  instance  the  table  simple  shows  a  part  of  the  work  done 
in  the  department.  You  will  see  at  once  that  a  man  having 
charge  of  a  department  employing  several  assistants  and  with 
an  enrollment  of  nearly  eight  hundred  students,  must  necessa- 
rily have  work  outside  of  the  class-room.  I  am  also  Dean  of  the 
Junior  College  and  am  responsible  for  the  classification  and  class 
work  of  some  800  or  900  students.  As  secretary  and  member  of 
the  Board  of  Audit  I  am  required  to  pass  upon  all  bills  paid  by 
the  College.  An  account  is  also  kept  in  my  office  of  every  finan- 
cial transaction  connected  with  the  institution.  All  purchas- 
es of  supplies  and  equipment  are  made  by  the  Purchasing  Com- 
mittee of  which  I  am  chairman.  I  cite  my  own  case  simply  as 
an  example. 


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President's  Office — Expenses. — The  expense  of  the  president's  of- 
fice are  "included  under  administrative  and  contingent  expenses  as 
illustrated  in  the  statement  of  such  expenses  for  1904  and  1905"  sub- 
mitted by  President  Storms  to  the  committee  of  date  Sept.  11,  1905, 
and  which  is  now  on  file  in  the  office  of  the  secretary  of  state.  Said 
statement  is  in  words,  following: 

Secretary  and  stenographer,  for  president's  office -...$1,600.00 

Catalogues,  printing,  stationery  and  advertising    4,000.00 

Ringing    chimes 115  .  00' 

Telephone  service    1 .  .        125.00 

Proctors     175  .  00 

Manuals  for  chapel  use .          50.00 

Advertising    in    Student    50.00 

Advertising  in  Iowa  Engineer 50.00 

Advertising   in    Agric 50.00 

Address  before  college  and  trustees    100. 00 

Annual   fee   of  Agricultural   College   Association 15.00 

Insuring   treasurers    balance    13.50 

Harvest   home   excursion    250 .  00 

Commencement   week    expenses    50.00 

High  school  inspection 100  .  00 

President's   fund 400.00 

Total „•.;.  $7,143.50 

Employees  Other  Than  Teachers. — President  Storms:  The  follow- 
ing are  the  statements  of  department  employees  other  than  teachers, 
for  1904-1905: 

Department  of  Military  Science    

Department  of   Language    

Department   of   Botany    

Stenographer    $      180.00 

Laboratory  Assistants    162.00  342.00 

Dean  of  Women — 

Student  labor,    1,800    hours   at   Sets 144.00 

Office  of  Secretary  Stanton — 
For  regular  stenographers,  accountants  and  stu- 
dent  help    (see    attached    list   for   detailed 

statement)    1.000  .  00 

Office  of  Purchasing  Committee — 

Ira   J.   Welch,    secretary 300.00 

Gertrude    Jones,   stenographer 100.00  400.00 


Office  of  E.  W.  Stanton,  Dean  of  Junior  College — 
For    clerical    and    stenographic    work    (See    at- 
tached   statement)      375 . 00 

Office    of    Dean    Stanton,    Classification    Work,    During    opening    of 
semester — 

For  clerical  work    (see  attached  statement)...  318.04 

Library — 
For  student  assistants  in  the  library    225.00 

Department  of  Economic  Science — 
Student  labor,   20cts  per  hour 8  00 

Treasurer's  Office — 

Cashier,   $55   per  month    660.00 

Bookkeeper,  $55  per  month    660  .  00 

Stenographer,    $55    per    month.  . 660.00 

Record   clerk,    $50   per  month    600.00       2,580.00 


itr 


Department  of  Public  Speaking — 
Clerical  and  stenographic  work 

Department  of  Zoology — 

Department  of  Chemistry — 

Dispensing  clerk,  9  mo.  at  $26  per  month 234.00 

Dispensing  clerk,  9  mo.  at  $13.40  per  month.  .        105.60 


Department  of  Soils — 
Stenographer,   $30   per  month 360 

Department  of  Mechanical  Engineering — 
Stenographer,  $55  per  month 660 

Department  of  Domestic  Science — 
20  hours  stenographic  work,  at  25cts  per  hour.  5 

Department  of  History — 

Department  of  Husbandry — 

Stenographer,   $27.50   per  month 330.00 

Stenographer,   $60.00   per  month    720.00 


Department  of  English — 

Stenographic  help,  2171  hours  at  25cts  per  hour          54.44 
Clerical  work,  255£  hours  at  15cts 38.30 


Civil  Engnieering  Department — 

Stenographer,    $60   per  month 720.00 

900  hourse  stenographic  help,  at  25cts  per  hour        225.00 


Agronomy  Department — 

Stenographer,  $30  per  month 360.00 

Stenographer,   $25   per  month    300.00 

Office  assistant,  one-half  time 390.00       1,050.00 


Civics  Department — 

Stenographic  work,  87|  hours  at  25cts  per  hour          21.85 
Clerical  work,  20  hours  at  15cts  per  hour 3.00  24.85 


Dairy  Department — 

For  stenographic  work    524.77 

For  student  labor,  at  12 Jets  per  hour 184.58 

For  drayage    Ill . 15          820 . 50 


Veterinary  Department — 

Clerical  work,  4421  hours  at  20cts  per  hour.  ..  84.55            84.55 

Department  of  Geology  and  Mining  Engineering — 

Clerical  work,  85 J  hours  at  15  to  25cts 17.56 

Student  labor,  873  hours  at  15  to  20cts 170.40 

Stenographic  work,  part  time  at  rate  of  $50  per 

month    245.32          433.28 


Department  of  Electrical  Engineering — 

Stenographic,   one-half  time,    $25    per  month..  225.00 

Mechanician,  $40  per  month  for  9  months  ....  360.00 

Student  asssitance,   160£   hours,   25cts 40.12          625.12 


Horticultural  Department — 

For  stenographic  help    419 . 00 

For  gardner    700 . 00 

For   teamster 400.00 

For  student  labor  on  campus  and  in  fields  at  the 

rate  of  12|  to  15cts  per  hour 1,800.00      3,319.00 


138 


Agricultural  Division,  Director's  Office  and  Farm  Department — 

Sam  Nicholls,  care  of  horses 600  .  00 

Win.    Burlton,   care  of  cattle    804 . 00 

Wilson  Rowe,  care  of  hogs    720 .  00 

David  Evans,  care  of  sheep    600 . 00 

Elmer   Koons,    teamster    480 . 00 

Emmett    Packer,    teamster    480 . 00 

Victor   Jones,   teamster    456.00 

Victor   Grub,    assistant   herdsman    456. 00 

Wm.  Thompson,  handyman 250  .  00 

Student  labor,  7  to  15cts  per  hour 300.00 

Stenographer,  two-sevenths  time    240.00 

Extra  stenographic  help,  25  and  30cts  per  hour 

two-sevenths   time    ." 50.00 

Clerical  assistants,  at  15cts  per  hour 40.00       5,476.00 


Total  salaries $20,757  .  68 

LIST    OP    EMPLOYES    IN    SECRETARY'S    OFFICE. 

Ira  J.  Welch,  stenographer  and  accountant,  3i  mo.  at  $50..$  175.00 
Ethel  Carpenter,  stenographer  and  bookkeeper,  2  months  at 

$50  per  month;   10  months  at  $60  per  month 700.00 

Ciola  Chambers,  300J  hours  at  20cts.  per  hour,  clerical  work  60.10 

Seaman  Knapp,  department  mail  carrier,  48  J  hours  at  15cts  7.27 

J.  W.  White,  reading  proof,  10  hours  at  20cts 2.  00 

Gertrude  Jones,  stenographer,  1  month  with  machine 49.18 

Lottie  Burns,  typewriter,   11 J  hours  at  25cts.  per  hour....  2.87 

J.  M.  Wilson,  typewriting,  15  hours  at  20  cts.  per  hour.  ....  3.00 

A.  L.  Sanford,  clerk,  3|  hours  at  15cts.  per  hour   .58 


$1,000.00. 
LIST  OF  EMPLOYEES  IN  PURCHASING  COMMITTEE  OFFICE, 

Ira  J.  Welch,  sec'y  of  committee,  6  mo.  at  $50  per  mo 300.00 

Gertrude  Jones,  stenographer,  1  9-11  mo.  at  $55  per  mo.  ...       100.00' 


$    400.00 
LIST  OF  EMPLOYEES  IN  OFFICE  OF  DEAN  OF  JUNIOR  COLLEGE. 

Ira  J.  Welch,  clerk,   2i  months  at  $50  per  month  $125.00 

Florence  Dunham,  clerical  work,  13  hours  at  15cts 

per  hour    1.95 

Gertrude  Jones,    50   hours   at   25cts $      12. 50 

49  J  hours  at  27cts.   (including  machine)...        13.37 

Two-elevenths  months   at   $55 10.00 

1  month  at  $60   (including  machine) 60.00        95.87 


H.  J.  Gould,  clerical  work,   22  hours  at   15cts  per 

hour 33.59 

G.  B.  Guthrie,  clerical  work,  412J  hours  at  15cts 

per  hour  6190 

Gurine  Anderson,  clerical  work,  63  hours  at  15cts. 

per  hour  g  45 

Minta  Anderson,  clerical  work,  76 §  hours  at  15cts 

per  hour  11  50 

R.  L.  Collett,  clerical  work,  15  hours  at  15cts.  per 

hour 2   25 

129 

10 


L.  J.  Murphy,  clerical  work,  66  hours  at  15cts.  per 

hour  9.90 

Earl  Waycott,  clerical  work,  13 1  hours  at  15cts 

per  hour  2.02 

Angie  McKinley,  clerical  work,  64|  hours  at  15cts. 

per  hour  .•  9.72 

Ethel  McKinley,  clerical  work,  8  hours  at  15cts. 

per  hour  1.30 

A.  L.  Sanford,  clerical  work,  71  hours  at  15cts. 

per  hour    10.65 


$    375.00 
LIST  OF  EMPLOYES  OR  ASSIGNMENT   COMMITTEE. 

Employed  in  making  registration  cards  and  time  schedules,  for 
students,  and  class  list  for  instructors  at  the  beginning  of  each 
semester. 

Agnes  Mosher,  158i  hours  at  15cts.  per  hour $  23.70 

D.  C.  Barrett,  32  hours  at  15cts.  per  hour 4.80 

Viola  Chambers,  73  hours  at  15cts.  per  hour 10.  95 

Iva  Brandt,  128  hours  at  15cts.  per  hour 19.20 

Ruth  Walker.  5  hours  at  15  cts.  per  hour 

Jeanette  Bartholomew,  9  hours  at  15cts.  per  hour 1.35 

Rose  Goble,   2   hours  at  15cts.  per  hour    .30 

A.  Q.  Adamson,  99  hours  at  15  cts.  per  hour 14.85 

F.  W.  Cessna,  20  hours  at  15cts.  per  hour   3.00 

Mary  Wilson,  6  hours  at  15  cts.  per  hour .90 

Keo  Anderson,  81  hours  at  15cts.  per  hour , 12. 15 

Margaret  Stanton,  139  hours  at  15cts 20.85 

H.  J.  Gould,  199  hours  at  15cts.  per  hour   29.85 

G.  B.  Guthrie,  374J  hours  at  15cts.  per  hour 56.15 

C.  J.  Crawford,  72  hours  at  15cts.  per  hour 10.80 

Erma  Wiley,  125 J  hours  at  15cts.  per  hour    18.82 

Edgar  Stanton,  jr.,  102 J  hours  at  15cts.  per  hour 15.38 

Florence  Kimball,   4   hours  at  15cts.  per  hour    .60 

Frank  Cave,  60  hours  at  15cts  per  hour 9.00 

Mary  Clyde,  53  hours  at  15cts.  per  hour 7.95 

M.  J.  Evinger,  52  hours  at  15cts.  per  hour 7.80 

Carolyn  Gabrielsen.  66  hours  at  15cts.  per  hour   9.90 

H.  L.  Lundeen,  22|  hours  at  15cts  per  hour   3.37 

Angie  McKinley,  57  hours  at  15cts  per  hour 8.55 

Genevieve  Milness,  47  hours  at  15cts.  per  hour   7.05 

F.  V.   Skelley,   12  hours  at  15cts.  per  hour    1. 80 

May  L.  Jackson,  47i  hours  at  15cts  per  hour    7.12 

May  Kennedy,  47  hours  at  15cts  per  hour 6.90 

Winifred  Thompson,  28  hours 4.20 

$318.04 

Enrollment. — According  to  the  enrollment  by  departments,  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  total  enrollment  for  1905,  is  slightly  less  than  for 
1904.  This  difference  is  accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  the  dairy 

180 


building  was  in  process  of  erection  and  equipment  and  we  could  not 
accomodate  the  students  in  dairying.  During  the  past  year  we  have 
advised  all  applicants  to  wait  until  the  dairy  building  was  completed. 
In  the  main  divisions  of  our  work  otherwise  we  had  an  increase  in 
the  enrollment  over  any  previous  years.  The  standards  for  admission 
for  our  freshmen  classes  in  all  courses  have  strongly  raised.  We 
have  anticipated  that  this  might  temporarily  result  in  a  decreased 
enrollment  of  students.  We  are  finding,  however,  that  the  enrollment 
of  the  present  year  promises  to  be  in  excess  of  any  other  and  the 
class  of  students  who  are  coming  to  us  are  much  better  prepared  to 
stronger  and  more  satisfactory  work.  We  estimate  the  enrollment 
this  present  year  will  be,  to  make  a  conservative  estimate,  some 
fourteen  hundred  students  *  *  *  The  total  enrollment  as  given 
does  not  include  the  short  course  students.  The  short  course  enroll- 
ment is  attached  herewith.  (President  Storms,  Sept.  11,  1905.) 

Expansion  in  Courses  of  Study. — An  analysis  of  our  courses  will  im- 
mediately suggest  that  the  total  attendance  of  students  is  only  one 
factor  to  be  taken  into  consideration  in  estimating  the  amount  of 
work  done  and  the  expense  incurred  in  running  a  technical  school. 
For  example,  the  old  curriculum  had  one  general  course  in  agri- 
culture. We  now  have  six  general  courses.  Under  the  simpler  system 
that  formerly  prevailed,  a  single  department  like  that  of  Agronomy, 
had  but  few  studies  offered.  Now  the  studies  have  been  multiplied 
and  courses  increased  until  we  now  have  more  than  forty  distinct 
courses  offered  in  the  department  of  Agronomy  alone.  It  is  this 
development  and  enrichment  of  our  courses  of 'study  which  is  giving 
our  institution  its  prestige  and  leadership  among  institutions  of  its 
kind  throughout  the  world.  Secretary  Wilson  said  to  me  last  week, 
in  private  conversation:  "The  College  at  Ames  is  far  and  away 
the  best  institution  of  its  kind  in  the  world."  If  the  secretary  is 
right  in  his  judgment,  it  is  due  to  the  enrichment  and  variety  of 
courses  offered  in  applied  science  in  the  field  of  agriculture  and  Engin- 
eering. 

IOWA  STATE  COLLEGE 
-  STUDENT  ENROLLMENT  FOR  THE  YEAR  1904-5 

By  classes — 

Post   Graduate    13 

Senior 170 

Junior    119 

Sophomore 22 

Freshman     . 373 

Academic 291 

Special 149 

Special   Dairy    12 

Music 15 

Total  in  regular  college  work 1,363 

181 


SHORT  COURSES 
Agriculture — 

Live  stock  and  grain  judging    530 

Domestic    economy     26 

Total  in  short  courses 556 

ENROLLMENT   BY   COURSES    FOR   THE    YEAR    1904-5 

Animal   Husbandry — 

Senior    24 

Junior    17 

Sophomore    24 

Freshman    *. 56 

Academic 49 

Special 54      224 

Agronomy — 

Senior    8 

Junior 7 

Sophomore    7 

Freshman 11 

Academic 10 

Special 30        73 

Dairy — 

Post  Graduate    1 

Senior    5 

Junior    I 2 

Sophomore    5 

Freshman    1 

Academic 3 

Special    13        30 

Horticulture — 

Senior 2 

Junior .  3 

Sophomore 2 

Freshman 7 

Academic 2 

Special   2        18 

Science  and  Agriculture — 

Freshman 1 

Academic 1          2 


Total  in  division  of  agriculture   347 

Veterinary — 

Senior 14 

Junior    3 

Sophomore 12 

Freshman 33        $2 


Total  in  Veterinary  Division    62 

182 


Civil  Engineering — 

Senior 33 

Junior    29 

Sophomore 59 

Freshman 81 

Academic   .  . 55 

Special 6      263 

Mechanical  Engineering — 

Senior 20 

Junior 18 

Sophomore 19 

Freshman 45 

Academic 44 

Special 9      155 

Electrical  Engineering — 

Senior 25 

Junior 22 

Sophomore 52 

Freshman    82 

Academic 66 

Special    2      249 

Mining  Engineering — 

Senior 5 

Junior 6 

Sophomore 5 

Freshman 9 

Academic 7 

Special 7        39 


Total   in   division   of  Engineering    706 

Science — 

Senior 16 

Junior 6 

Sophomore • 13 

Freshman 19 

Academic 33 

Special 14      101 

Domestic  Science — 

Junior 1 

Sophomore 1 

Freshman    2 

Academic 2 

Special    11        17 


138 


General  and  Domestic  Science — 

Senior 18 

Junior    5 

Sophomore 

Freshman    27 

Academic • 1? 

Special 13      102 

Total  in  the  division  of  Science 220 

Total  in  Music    15 

Total   enrollment    1,350 

Post  Graduates ^    13 

Grand  total 1,363 

RECAPITULATION. 

» 

Division    of    Agriculture     347 

Veterinary  Division    62 

Division  of  Engineering    706 

Division  of  Science    220 

Music 15 

Total    1,350 

Post  Graduates   .  13 


Grand  total 1,363 

(President  Storms,  Sept.   11,   1905.) 

MAINTENANCE   OF  BUILDINGS  AND  GROUNDS. 

Labor—  1903-04  1904-05 

Stenographic  and  Clerical    $  1,299  .  96    $  1,068  .  33 

Custodian,  one-half  salary 600  .  00  575  .  00 

Superintendent    1,000  .  00 

Janitors     6,126.01  6,490.15 

Plumbers    1,234.90  2,403.31 

Engineers   and    Firemen    4,679.81  5,171.73 

Electricians    495.28  558.41 

Night  Watch    405.25  594.  9S 

Miscellaneous  dept.   work    214.17  180.33 


$15,055.38    $18,042.24 
EXPLANATORY. 

Stenographic  and  Clerical  Labor. — Includes  five-elevenths  of  time 
of  two  bookkeepers  at  $55.00  per  month;  one-half  time  of  stenogra- 
phers and  bookkeeper  at  $50.00  per  month;  office  assistant  at  $30.00 
per  month;  salary  of  accountant  $100.00  per  annum. 

Janitors. — During  the  sessions  of  college  about  twelve  regular 
janitors  are  employed  at  wages  ranging  from  $40.00  to  $45.00  per 
month;  in  the  case  of  the  head  janitor  at  Engineering  Hall,  $50.00  per 

134 


month  is  paid.  A  considerable  amount  of  janitor  work  is  done  by 
students  and  is  paid  for  at  the  rate  of  15  cents  an  hour. 

Engineers  and  Firemen. — The  chief  engineer,  Mr.  W.  H.  Tripp,  has 
been  with  the  institution  since  an  early  day,  and  although  advanced 
in  years,  is  still  carrying  the  full  responsibility  of  his  position.  He 
is  paid  by  the  month  at  the  rate  of  $83.00  per  month.  During  a  large 
part  of  the  year  when  it  is  necessary  to  run  the  morning  lights,  he 
goes  to  work  at  half  past  five  or  six  o'clock,  and  with  the  exception  of 
periods  off  for  meals,  is  in  constant  attendance  until  10:30  in  the 
evening.  The  assistant  engineer  receives  $60.00  per  month  for  a  ten 
hour  day. 

The  college  employs  firemen  both  at  the  power  house  and  at  various 
small  heating  plants  at  the  college.  Altogether  during  the  winter 
season  seven  such  men  are  employed.  They  are  paid  usually  by  the 
month,  their  wages  varying  from  $4 5-. 00  to  $55.00  per  month,  depend- 
ing upon  the  hours  of  service  and  the  amount  of  labor  involved  at 
the  various  plants.  During  severe  weather  when  it  is  necessary  to 
keep  firemen  in  attendance  all  night,  student  labor  is  employed.  Such 
.labor  is  paid  for  at  the  rate  of  15  cents, and  in  a  very  few  cases,  at  17i 
cents  per  hour. 

Plumbers. — Owing  to  the  large  amount  of  repair  work,  it  is  nec- 
essary to  keep  two  regular  plumbers  and  one  assistant  in  constant 
service.  The  head  plumber  is  a  man  who  is  not  only  able  to  do  good 
plumbing  work,  but  is  also  able  to  take  hold  of  and  oversee  the  carry- 
ing out  of  almost  any  kind  of  repair  work  which  we  are  called  upon  to 
do,  such  as  handling  all  machinery  and  setting  of  boilers,  repair  of 
boiler  furnaces,  and  the  like.  This  man  receives  $60.00  per  month, 
and  the  assistant  receives  $45.00.  During  certain  seasons  of  the  year, 
especially  during  vacation  time  when  we  have  a  great  deal  of  this 
work  to  do,  we  are  usually  able  to  obtain  student  assistance.  Our  ex- 
perience has  been,  that  with  careful  oversight  this  class  of  assistance 
is  exceedingly  efficient.  Such  students  are  paid  by  the  hour,  the  rate 
varying  from  15  to  17  J  cents,  depending  upon  the  skill  and  experience 
of  the  men. 

Electricians. — The  electrical  work  is  done  entirely  by  students  of 
the  advanced  classes  who  are  paid  25  cents  per  hour. 

Night  Watch. — Paid  $50.00  per  month  for  the  first  year;  $45.00  for 
the  second. 

Miscellaneous  Work. — Sawing  wood  at  50  cents  per  cord  and  split- 
ting wood  at  15  cents  per  hour. 

PUBLIC  GROUNDS. 

Labor —  1903-4  1904-5 

Stenographic  and  clerical  labor  at  20cts  per  hour$        49.20 

Teamsters 1,112.30  835.11 

Miscellaneous    labor    .  723.82  682.08 


$1,885.32  $1,517.19 


EXPLANATORY. 

Teamsters. — One  regular  teamster  at  $70.00  per  month  for  man 
and  team;  extra  teaming  in  busy  season  35  cents  per  hour;  hauling 
wreckage  of  old  Main  Building  upon  college  roads,  25  to  40  cents  per 
load  according  to  distance. 

Miscellaneous  Labor. — A  considerable  amount  of  student  labor  is 
employed  upon  the  grounds  at  15  cents  per  hour;  other  labor  is  paid 
from  15  to  20  cents  per  hour;  regular  hands  in  haying,  $45.00  to 
$50.00  per  month.  (President  Storms,  Sept.  11,  1905.) 

Concerning  the  Expense  for  Employees  of  the  Departments  of  the 
College  Appropriations  and  Expenditures. — Our  method  of  appropria- 
tions and  expenditures  is  such,  that  to  put  the  statement  in  the  form 
which  you  suggest,  would  require  going  through  all  of  the  depart- 
ments expense  bills  for  the  entire  period,  and  the  services  of  an  expert 
for  the  purpose  for  several  weeks  at  least.  The  business  details  of  an 
institution  like  this,  are  numerous  and  complicated.  It  is  very  dif- 
ferent from  an  ordinary  school  of  Liberal  Arts,  or  a  professional  school. 
Our  bills  number  something  like  many  thousands  in  the  biennial 
period.  We  appropriate  at  the  beginning  of  each  year,  a  definite 
amount  to  each  department  of  the  college,  and  to  each  section  of  the 
experiment  station.  This  appropriation  is  based  upon  a  careful  esti- 
mate of  the  needs  of  each  department  in  certain  specific  lines,  viz.: 
for  office  expenses  and  clerk  hire,  and  equipment  for  the  departments 
and  incidental  expenses.  Anl  appropriation  is  divided  into  twelve  parts 
for  the  twelve  months  of  the  year,  and  the  head  of  the  department  is 
limited  in  his  expenditures  to  this  monthly  proportion;  all  bills  being 
audited  before  payment. 

We  find  in  experience  that  the  great  need  for  equipment  in  itself 
serves  as  a  most  effective  inducement  to  economy  in  the  running  ex- 
penses of  a  department.  At  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year,  the  department 
accounts  are  examined,  and  the  estimate  made  of  needs  for  the  coming 
year.  This  method  does  not  leave  upon  our  books  a  division  of  the 
funds  in  the  way  you  indicate  for  employees  and  other  expenses,  except 
as  the  details  should  be  culled  out  and  re-arranged.  I  will  undertake 
to  do  this  if  your  committee  requires  it,  but  am  giving  in  the  present 
summary,  a  statement  of  the  appropriation  for  expenses  and  equip- 
ment to  the  several  departments  for  the  period  indicated  in  your  letter 
of  request.  (President  Storms,  Sept.  12,  1905.) 

Stenographers  and  Clerks. — The  following  is  a  list  of  the  stenog- 
raphers and  clerks  in  the  different  offices  and  departments  with  the 
salary  of  each: 

Office  Building — 

Miss  Wormley,  president's  private  secretary $  75.00   per  mo. 

J.  M.  Fuller,  president's  stenographer 55.00        " 

Ira    J.    Welch,    secretary's    clerk    and    secretary    for 

building  committee    58.33 

Miss  Carpenter,  stenographer  and  auditing  clerk   ..  60.00 

Miss   Rice,   treasurer's  bookkeeper    55.00 

138 


Miss  Mereness,  cashier  in  treasurer's  office 55.00 

Miss  Stewart,  stenographer,  treasurer's  office 55.00 

Miss  Goble,  recording  clerk,  treasurer's  office 50.00        " 

Agricultural    Hall — 

'G.  E.  Stayner,  secretary  agromony  dept 65.00 

G.  V.  Welch,  Prof.  Curtiss'  private  secretary 70.00        " 

Miss  Loughran,  Prof.  Curtiss'  stenographer 60.00 

Miss  Small,  secretary,  An.  husbandry  dept 60.00        " 

Miss  June  Carpenter,  stenographer  Agron.  dept.  ...  50.00 

Miss  Murphy,  horticulture  dept.  stenographer 55.00        " 

Miss  Lesher,  horticulture  dept.  stenographer 55.00 

Miss  Besack,  agronomy  dept.  stenographer 60.  00 

Engineering  Hall — 

Miss  Dunham,  clerk  and  stenographer  civil  engin- 
eering department  ^5.00 

Mrs.  Douglass,  stenographer  electrical  engineering 

and  mining  engineering 50.00 

Miss  Brandt,  clerk  and  stenographer  mechanical  en- 
gineering department  55  . 00 

Miss  Dickerson,  stenographer,  botany  department..  40.00        " 

Total $1,138  .  33        " 

(Transcript,  45-46.) 

Janitors  and  Other  Workmen. — The  following  is  a  list  of  janitors 

and  other  workmen  employed  by  the  college,  with  the  salary  of  each: 

I.  B.  Thomas,  Margaret  hall  and  office  building.  .  .  .$  50.00  per  mo. 

James  Stanley,  Morrill  hall    45.00 

L.  Williams,  agricultural  hall  and  chemical  building  45.00 

Fred   Kelley,    agricultural   hall    45.00 

H.  W.  Houghland,  chemical  building   (J  time) 22.00 

John  Morgan,  night  watch  on  campus 55.  00        " 

Bertha  Rowland,   Margaret  hall    1.00   per  day 

Joseph  Stanley,   emergency  hall    1.45        " 

F.   A.   Fox,  agricultural  hall 1.45        " 

I.  E.  Otto,  engineering  hall 50.00   per  mo. 

C.  P.   Hicks,  engineering  hall    1.45   per  day 

Joseph  Stebbins,  engineering  hall    1.45        " 

David  Ives,  engineering  hall   .  . 1.45        " 

Robt.  Gray,  veterinary  hospital 40.  00   per  mo. 

H.  P.  Ashby,  stock  judging  pavilions    (i  time) 20.00 

Homer  Hubbard,  music  hall 10  .  00        " 

Engineers,    firemen    and   plumbers — 

H    W.   Tripp,  chief  engineer 83.00 

Wm.  Muir,  second  engineer 60.00        " 

Andrew  Steil,  fireman  power  station ' .  .  .  .  50  .  00        " 

J.  L.  Wilson,  fireman  and  store  room  keeper 40.00        " 

J.  McDonald,  fireman  emergency  hall  and  creamery  50.00        " 

W.  T.  Stillwell,  fireman  Morrill  hall 55.00 

A.  Gilchrist,  fireman  Margaret  hall 55.00        " 

137 


A.  L.  Cameron,  fireman  power  station 50. 00 

J.  F.  Snyder,  fireman  agricultural  hall 50.00 

W.   M.  Clark,  plumber    60.00 

J.  L.  Johnson,  plumber 50.00 

A.   H.   Huerth,   plumber    45.00 

Fred    Stocker,    carpenter    60.00 

F.  W.  Lanphear,  electrician .25   per  hr. 

Farm   workmen — 

John  Buckler,  station  herdsman    65.00   per  mo, 

Chas.  Marshall,  assistant  station  herdsman 45.00 

F.   D.  Lyons,  teamster  horticultural  section    40.00 

Wm.  Burlton,  sheep  herdsman    67.00 

Wm.  Mohme,  assistant  sheep  herdsman 38.00 

Nelson  Rowe,  hog  herdsman 50.00 

Sam'l  Nichols,  shepherd  and  barn  man 50.00 

F.  B.  Baker,  head  teamster 40.00 

(Transcript,  46.) 

IOWA  STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL. 

Board  of  Trustees — Teachers  for  the  Common  School. — The  Nor- 
mal School  at  Cedar  Falls,  for  the  special  instruction  and  training 
of  teachers  in  the  common  schools,  shall  be  under  the  management 
and  control  of  a  board  of  trustees,  of  which  the  superintendent  of 
public  instruction  shall  be  by  virtue  of  his  office,  a  member  and 
president. 

Code,    section    2675. 

Same: — The  remaining  members,  six  in  number,  are  elected  by  the 
general  assembly. 

Code,  section  2609. 

Compensation. — Is  the  same  as  is  allowed  to  the  regents  and 
trustees  of  the  other  educational  institutions. 

Code,  section  2617-8. 
Powers  of  Board. — The  board  has  power— 

1.  To    employ    a    sufficient    number    of    suitable    and    competent 
teachers   and   other  assistants; 

2.  To  fix  the  compensation  of  such   employes; 

3.  To    make    rules    and    regulations    for    the   management   of   the 
school  ; 

4.  To   charge   a   fee   for   contingent   expenses   not   to   exceed    one 
dollar  monthly,  and  a  tuition  fee  of  not  more  than  six  dollars  a  term, 
if  necessary  for  the  proper  support  of  the  institution. 

5.  To  contract  with  school  boards,  for  pupils  to  supply  the  train- 
ing department,  for  a  period  not  exceeding  two  years  at  a  time,  at  a 
rate  not  to  exceed  fifty  cents  per  week,  for  each  pupil. 

6.  To   provide   for    the    admission   of     pupils     from     the     several 
counties  in  the  state  on  equal  terms,  requiring  that  each  one  received 
as  a  pupil  shall  furnish  satisfactory  evidence  of  good  moral  character 
and  the  honest  intention  of  following  the  business  of  teaching  school 
in  the  state. 


Code,  section  2675,  2678. 

Meetings. — The  board  meets  four  times  a  year.  In  addition  to- 
the  regular  meetings,  special  meetings  are  sometimes  had. 

Committees. — To  facilitate  the  business  the  trustees  divide  the 
work  among  their  standing  committees  as  follows: 

1.  The  executive  committee  of  three  members  having  charge  of 
buildings,   grounds,    and   the   general   conduct   of   the   school   between 
the  quarterly  meetings  of  the  trustees. 

2.  The  finance  committee  of  three  members  which  quarterly  in- 
vestigates all  bills  paid  by  the  officers,  ascertains  the  reasonableness 
of   these  expenditures,   makes   full   report  to  the   trustees   in   session, 
recommending  any  change  or  improvement  in  either  system  or  practice 
that  seems  desirable,  affixing  their  signatures  to  the  several  bills  th-jt 
have  been  paid  as  examination  is  had  and  they  are  found  satisfactory 

3.  The  building  committee  of  three  members,  which  carries  out 
the  plans  and  contracts  for  all  the  buildings  as  may  be  directed   by 
the  trustees.     This  committee  is  selected  by  ballot  and  is  supervisory 
and  executive  in  so  far  as  it  has  no  powers  except  such  as  are  granted 
by  the  trustees  from  one  quarterly  meeting  to  the  next.          (President 
Seerly  to  the  committee.) 

The  Method  of  Auditing  Bolls. — In  order  to  economize  time, 
guarantee  proper  care  and  insure  satisfactory  supervision  in  the  paying 
of  all  accounts  an  auditing  committee  consisting  of  the  resident 
trustee,  the  president  of  the  school  and  the  secretary  of  the  board 
of  trustees  is  empowered  to  audit  all  bills  against  the  school  and 
authorize  payment,  provided  they  comply  with  contracts  that  have  been 
made.  Contracts  for  all  large  amounts  are  made  by  the  trustees  in 
session,  contracts  of  small  amounts  are  made  as  department  supplies 
are  made  by  the  president  on  detailed  requisitions  made  by  the  de- 
partments. The  auditing  committee  is  limited  in  its  duties  by  these 
two  kinds  of  contracts  and  can  verify  the  correctness  by  examining 
the  contracts  and  requisitions  on  file  in  the  president's  office.  The 
method  of  auditing  is  as  follows:  1.  The  bill  must  be  presented 
to  the  president,  all  its  details  being  shown  by  the  claimant.  2.  The 
bill  must  be  vised  by  the  receiving  officer  or  by  the  member  of  the 
faculty  who  has  special  knowledge  of  the  quality  of  material  or 
supplies  that  have  been  received.  Such  person  thus  selected  is  re- 
quired to  sign  his  name  approving  the  quality  and  quantity  as  con- 
forming to  the  bill  as  presented  for  payment.  This  bill  is  then  care- 
fully investigated  by  the  president's  secretary,  who  compares  it  with 
the  contracts  on  file  in  the  president's  office,  ascertaining  its  correct- 
ness in  every  particular.  After  this  is  done,  the  president  approves 
the  bill  by  affixing  his  signature,  when  it  is  ready  to  be  submitted 
to  the  resident  trustee  who  is  authorized  to  make  personal  investi- 
gation farther  should  he  so  desire.  After  his  signature  is  attached 
the  secretary  draws  a  warrant  on  the  treasurer  paying  the  said  ac- 
count. At  the  next  quarterly  meeting  of  the  trustees,  the  finance  com- 
mittee inspects  the  bill  and  if  satisfied  affix  their  signatures  as  final  ap- 
proval. All  this  routine  is  required  to  insure  as  many  checks  to  the 

189 


auditing  as  is  deemed  essential  and  prudent  and  thus  insure  the  best 
business  management.  (President  Seerley  to  the  committee.) 

The  Purchase  of  Materials,  Supplies  and  the  Making  of  Con- 
tracts.— As  has  been  already  suggested,  great  care  is  used  in  the 
securing  of  material  of  all  kinds  and  of  supplies  for  the  school.  All 
contracts  involving  large  amounts  are  decided  by  the  board  in  session, 
bids  being  received  from  all  sources  possible.  The  decision  of  the 
board  is  determined  by  the  price,  the  quality,  the  suitability  and 
the  serviceableness  of  the  articles  in  competition.  After  the  vote  of 
the  trustees,  duplicate  contracts  are  prepared,  one  copy  being  given 
to  the  contractor  and  one  copy  being  filed  in  the  office  of  the 
president. 

Purchases  requiring  small  expenditure  which  are  needed  by  the 
different  departments  of  the  school  in  the  conduct  of  the  work  are 
purchased  by  the  president  when  he  is  satisfied  that  such  things 
are  necessary,  a  detailed  requisition  being  made  out  by  the  department 
making  the  application  giving  quantity,  quality,  price  and  definite 
•description  of  the  supplies  needed.  All  these  supplies  are  bought  in 
the  market  of  the  cheapest  and  most  reliable  houses,  granting  competi- 
tion where  that  is  possible  in  every  case.  (President  Seerley  to  the 
icommittee.) 

Methods  Employed  in  Constructing  Buildings. — The  trustees  un- 
dertake to  build  of  the  best  material  and  to  secure  the  best  work- 
manship, and  as  a  consequence  they  contract  for  all  material  used 
In  the  construction  of  buildings  and  see  to  it  that  the  quality,  quan- 
tity and  character  of  the  material  in  every  case  exactly  complies  with 
the  contracts  made.  These  contracts  are  made  after  receiving  bids  from 
all  sources  possible.  Advantage  is  also  taken  of  the  price  in  the 
market  by  purchasing  material  or  supplies  at  the  time  of  the  year 
In  which  such  material  can  be  bought  at  the  lowest  price.  Then  the 
erection  of  the  buildings  is  undertaken  earlier  in  the  spring  of  the 
year  than  labor  is  demanded  elsewhere  because  the  building  season 
has  not  yet  opened,  thus  permitting  labor, to  be  obtained  at  a  com- 
paratively lower  price.  To  insure  the  lowest  possible  expense  account 
In  the  payment  for  the  work  of  erection,  bids  are  received  from  con- 
tractors who  are  willing  to  erect  the  buildings  according  to  plans 
and  specifications  using  the  material  already  purchased.  When  the 
contractors  do  not  offer  to  do  the  work  at  as  reasonable  a  price  as 
the  trustees  are  able  themselves  to  do  the  same  through  their  superin- 
tendent of  buildings  and  grounds,  then  the  trustees  proceed  to  secure 
•workmen,  pay  them  by  the  day  and  erect  the  buildings  themselves. 
Experience  has  proven  that  the  state  has  thus  secured  good  buildings 
at  the  lowest  possible  price  and  generally  at  much  lower  comparative 
expense  than  other  public  buildings  in  Iowa  are  being  erected  under 
other  systems.  Examples  establishing  this  fact  can  easily  be  given, 
but  it  is  hardly  appropriate  in  this  report  to  make  such  comparisons 
for  obvious  reasons.  (President  Seerley  to  the  Committee.) 

The  Normal  School's  Method  of  Building. — Before  constructing  a 
building  for  any  special  purpose  it  is  the  custom  to  send  the  president 

140 


to  investigate  what  has  already  been  done  in  this  single  direction  in 
the  other  parts  of  the  country.  After  visitation  of  localities  where 
such  buildings  have  been  recently  constructed,  and  conferring  with 
experts  who  know  the  needs  in  these  particulars,  a  definite  report  is 
prepared  submitting  to  the  trustees  all  the  information  and  presenting 
therewith  the  necessary  things  to  be  accomplished  in  order  to  have 
a  model  building.  These  ideas  are  finally  incorporated  into  floor  plans 
and  sketches  by  the  superintendent  of  buildings  and  grounds,  Mr. 
James  E.  Robinson,  who  after  due  time  submits  such  a  report  with 
sketches,  estimates  and  definite  conditions  as  he  has  been  able  to  de- 
velop from  his  practical  experience.  These  facts,  sketches  and  conditions 
are  then  submitted  to  a  professional  architect  who  completes  the  draw- 
ings, adds  to  the  plans  in  any  particulars  deemed  necessary  or  de- 
sirable, and  after  a  regular  presentation  of  his  report  at  a  special 
meeting  of  the  board  of  trustees  and  a  complete  investigation  is  made, 
modifications  and  improvements  are  suggested,  amendments  are  ac- 
cepted or  rejected  in  due  form  and  finally  the  plans  are  adopted  as 
completed  and  the  construction  of  the  building  ordered.  Then  fol- 
lows advertising  for  bids,  letting  the  contract  if  bids  are  for  what  is 
known  to  be  reasonable.  If  no  reasonable  price  is  obtainable  the 
superintendent  of  buildings,  under  the  direction  of  the  trustees  em- 
ployes labor  and  conducts  the  work. 

The  Normal  School  has  been  specially  fortunate  in  its  superin- 
tendent of  buildings  and  grounds.  He  is  a  good  architect,  he  is  a 
superior  mechanic,  he  has  had  much  experience  as  a  contractor,  he 
is  competent  to  discover  errors  and  correct  them,  he  is  ingenious  in 
devising  the  necessary  construction  in  any  special  problem,  having  due 
regard  to  the  appearance  and  also  to  the  function,  and  besides  all 
these  qualifications  he  is  honest,  reliable  and  painstaking  in  reference 
to  everything  in  his  care.  To  this  selection  of  a  capable  man  is  due 
much  of  the  success  that  has  attended  the  work  that  has  been  already 
accomplished  in  planning  and  constructing  the  entire  plant.  (Presi- 
dent Seerley  to  the  committee.) 

The  Cost  of  Construction  With  and  Without  Contracts. — Propo- 
sitions have  uniformly  been  made  to  receive  bids  for  material,  thus 
giving  competition  and  securing  the  lowest  market  rate.  This  system 
has  been  followed  to  insure  the  obtaining  of  the  best  material  in  every 
case.  Proprositions  from  contractors  have  also  been  received  for  the 
erection  of  the  buildings  as  planned,  using  the  material  already  pur- 
chased. When  these  propositions  were  much  above  the  estimates  made 
by  the  superintendent,  they  were  rejected  and  the  building  committee 
directed  the  superintendent  to  employ  wbrkmen  and  proceed  with 
the  construction  according  to  plans  and  specifications.  The  results 
obtained  have  been  extremely  satisfactory  as  is  able  to  be  shown 
from  a  few  examples — 

1.     The  Smoke  Stack. — For  the  construction  of  the  same. 

(a)   Best  original  proposition  to  erect $1900.00 

This  was  rejected  by  the  committee. 

141 


(b)  Revised  proposition  on  second  receiving  of  bids  for 

the    erection    (rejected)     1,600.00 

(c)    Cost  to  the  school  for  the  work  on  the  stack  as  com- 
pleted  by   the   superintendent    975.00 

2.  Stone   Work  On   Gymnasium, — (The   best   proposition   received 
was  $720.00  more  than  the  work  cost. 

3.  Brick  Work  On  Gymnasium. — This  cost  for  labor  and  material 
$2,600.00  less  than  the  best  proposal  received. 

There  has  developed  this  fact,  that  the  profit  in  contracting  public 
buildings  comes  from  two  sources: 

1.  The   furnishing   as   cheap   material   as   the   specifications   will 
permit.      The  writing   of   general   specifications   that  will  allow   com- 
petition as  regards  material  and  yet  insure  quality  is  almost  an  im- 
possible task.     Hence,  the  board  has  purchased  the  material  to  be  used 
from  the  market  as  a  good  policy. 

2.  The  doing  as   low  a  grade  of  work  with  as  low  a   grade   of 
workmen  as  can  pass  the  superintendent's  approval,   thereby  getting 
as  large  a  percentage  of  profit  as  possible  on  each  laborer.     Since  the 
board  must  have  a  superintendent  at  any  rate  the  procuring  of  the 
best  workmen  and  directing  the  work  has  not  added  to  the  expense. 

3.  As  an  illustration  of  these  facts,   I  give  the  following:      The 
lowest   bid    on    construction    of    smoke    stack,    above   foundation,    the 
contractor    to    furnish    all    material    and    labor   was    $4,600.00.      The 
board   bought  the  material   from  the  trade,   employed   the  labor  and 
paid,  including  the  foundation,  a  total  of  $3,800.00,  making  a  saving 
of  about  $1,200.00  on  the  entire  job.     The  material  used,  the  work- 
men   employed    and    the    construction    secured   were    all    of    the    best 
kind  and  quality.      (Superintendent  Robinson  to  the  committee.) 

Superintendent  of  Buildings  and  Grounds. — The  following  duties 
have  been  performed  by  the  superintendent  of  buildings  and  grounds 
since  the  connection  of  the  present  superintendent  with  the  office: 

1.  The  preparation  of  all  preliminary  floor  plans  of  every  kind 
used  for  buildings,  and  of  all  plans  for  furnishings  and  special  work 
necessary  to  be  done  before  adoption  of  general  plans  by  the  trustees. 

2.  Correcting,   changing  and  perfecting   completed   plans  as  fur- 
nished the  board  by  the  architect  employed,  since  it  is  often  necessary 
to  modify  particular  things  when  the  construction  is  in  progress,   no 
architect,  however  competent,  being  able  to  furnish  plans  and  specifi- 
cations which  do  not  need  such  attention,  if  the  building  is  to  be  as 
perfect  as  intended. 

3.  Superintending  the  construction  of  buildings  from  the  laying 
of  the  foundation  to  the  last  finishing  touches,  since  the  architect  is 
not  employed  nor  paid  a  salary  to  superintend  such  work,  he  being 
paid   a  percentage  for  plans  and  specifications  alone.      This  requires 
the   selection   of   material,    the   passing   of   the   same   on    delivery   as 
to   quality   and   quantity,    and   the   ordering   of   the   same   as   needed, 
endeavoring   to   time   matters   so   as   to   cost   the   school    as   little   as 
possible  to  receive  material  and  unload  it  where  it  will  be  used.    There 
Is  much  expense  saved  by  close  attention  to  these  matters  as  a  second 

142 


handling  is  avoided.  In  most  of  the  work  no  second  handling  has 
thus  been  necessary  and  expenses  have  been  at  a  minimum. 

4.  Submitting  to  the  board  complete  invoices  of  material  to  be 
purchased  specifying  quantity,  quality,  character,  kind  and  other  in- 
formation necessary  to  permit  bidders  to  comprehend  fully  what  is 
needed.  Such  invoices  are  made  to  fit  conditions  and  for  the  purpose 
of  adapting  the  cheapest  material  where  it  is  just  as  serviceable  and 
useful  as  would  be  expensive  material.  For  example,  a  heating  tunnel 
is  to  be  constructed.  At  this  locality  the  walls  of  such  tunnel  can 
be.  built  more  cheaply  and  yet  as  satisfactorily  with  ruble  lime  rock 
as  with  better  stone  or  even  brick.  In  such  a  case  the  cheaper 
material  is  specified,  thus  saving  as  much  as  the  difference  between 
$2.56  per  foot  for  rock  constructed  by  the  day  labor  system  and  $7.00 
per  foot  for  merchanable  brick  under  contract  system. 

4.  Contracting  with  all  labor  and  keeping  the  time  of  all  laborers 
so  as  to  enable  the  pay  roll  to  be  accurately  determined  at  each  pay 
day.  Determining  the  value  of  the  work  of  each  laborer  on  acquaint- 
ance with  his  service,  paying  him  in  proportion  to  what  he  can  do, 
and  discharging  him  for  any  cause  that  shows  that  his  services  are 
not  suitable  or  economical.  Insisting,  therefore,  upon  a  reasonable 
amount  of  work  for  the  wages  given  and  at  the  same  time  endeavoring 
to  have  satisfaction  and  harmony  among  the  workmen  thus  employed, 
for  without  the  right  kind  of  feeling  and  co-operation  any  workman 
can  slight  his  tasks  and  make  his  service  expensive.  It  is  proper  to 
say  that  no  disagreements  of  any  kind  have  occurred  under  this 
system  of  management,  as  employment  was  with  the  individual  work- 
man and  the  pay  was  graded  according  to  the  individual  service, 
the  longer  the  hours  required  the  longer  the  pay  given. 

6.  The  workmen  are  paid  bi-weekly  through  the  assistant  secretary 
whose  office  is  with  the  president.     The  pay  roll  is  made  up  from 
the  time  book  and  each  workman  signs  the  pay  roll  as  he  receives  his 
pay.     All  this  clerical  work  is  done  by  the  assistant  secretary  basing 
the   settlements   upon   the   time   reports   taken   daily   by  the   superin- 
tendent. 

7.  In  addition  to  the  varieties  of  work  that  belong  to  the  con- 
struction of  buildings,  the  superintendent  receives  and  checks  up  all 
supplies   furnished  all   departments,   employs   all   the  permanent  help 
such  as  engineers,  firemen,  janitors,  yard  men,  etc.,  determines  their 
special   duties,   gives  attention   to  the   services   rendered   by   each   in- 
dividually, and  pays  such  salary  monthly  to  such  employees  through 
the    assistant    secretary    as    the    executive    committee    of    the    board 
directs. 

8.  The  superintendent  performs   these  services  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  board  of  trustees  and  their  respective  committees.     In  order 
to   carry   out   these    duties   he   regularly   consults    the    president    and 
secures   his   approval,    and   endorsement   of   all   matters    to   be    done, 
whether   absolutely  necessary  or  not  in  order  to  be  prudent  in  the 
transaction  undertaken  and  secure  as  far  as  possible  the  fullest  in- 
formation  obtainable.      Until   there   is   a   mutual   agreement   between 

143 


the  superintendent  and  the  president  as  to  transactions  being  con- 
sidered no  action  is  taken.  This  course  of  procedure  has  prevented 
friction,  loss  of  confidence  between  officials  and  has  given  unanimity 
of  counsel  in  all  matters  important  and  essential.  It  has  also  enabled 
the  best  judgment  of  all  combined  to  be  employed  in  directing  the 
work.  It  is  to  be  said  that  thus  far  there  has  not  been  any  lack  of 
harmony  regarding  all  these  matters  and  that  co-operation  has  cheer- 
fully been  given  the  superintendent  in  the  way  that  are  essential  to 
the  best  results.  (Superintendent  Robinson  to  the  committee.) 

The  Responsibility  of  the  Management — President  vs.  Board  of 
Trustees. — In  endeavoring  to  study  the  problem  of  responsible  man- 
agement of  a  state  educational  institution,  it  is  easy  to  over  estimate 
the  province  of  the  members  of  the  board  of  trustees.  They 
have  a  part  in  the  management  and  an  important  part  at  that, 
but  their  function  is  limited  by  law  and  by  custom,  to  legislative 
and  supervisory  duties,  and  hence  they  can  hardly  become  executive 
or  administrative  since  these  powers  properly  belong  to  the  president 
and  the  faculty,  because  they  are  definitely  selected  to  do  the  actual 
work  required  of  the  institution.  The  business  of  the  trustees  is 
therefore  preliminary  to  the  organization  and  the  conduct  of  the 
school,  and  their  function  is  afterward  naturally  limited  to  that  of 
supervisors  in  what  they  can  accomplish.  The  success  of  an  educa- 
tional institution  so  far  as  results  are  concerned,  must  be  the  special 
part  of  the  business  committed  to  the  faculty,  and  if  the  institution  is 
not  well  conducted  or  highly  commended,  it  is  their  fault  rather  than 
that  of  the  trustees,  unless  the  latter  body  of  officials  refuses  and 
neglects  to  see  to  it  that  capability  and  competency  exists  in  the  inner 
organization — the  teaching  and  administrative  body.  (President  Seer- 
ley  to  the  committee.) 

Teachers. — Time  Employed. — Each  teacher  in  our  faculty  is  re- 
quired to  have  twenty-five  recitation  periods  per  week,  each  period 
being  forty-five  minutes,  and  in  addition  are  to  have  a  business  hour 
covering  from  two  to  three  sixty  minute  hours  per  week,  in  which 
individual  instruction  and  office  work  is  given.  The  faculty,  of  course, 
do  a  great  deal  of  other  work  such  as  committee  work  and  department 
work  of  various  kinds  that  is  not  found  among  these  hours,  but  they 
are  indefinite  and  irregular  and  are  not  found  in  any  of  these  trans- 
actions. (President  Seerley  to  the  Committee.) 

Compensation  to  Architects. — The  following  is  a  statement  of  the 
expenses  that  our  board  has  had  since  we  began  building  as  to 
architects.  A  competitive  proposition  was  opened  in  1900  to  get 
plans  and  specifications  for  the  auditorium  building,  at  which  the 
persons  who  were  second  and  third  in  choice  received  $100  and  $75 
respectively,  the  architect  selected  receiving  the  fees  agreed  to  in  the 
contract.  There  was  paid  for  this  kind  of  work  the  following  amounts: 

Oct.  17,  1900,  Proudfoot  and  Bird,  auditorium  building $1,000.00 

Oct.  17,  1900,  H.  Liebbe,  second  prize,  auditorium 100.00 

Oct.  19,  1900,  W.  A.  Robinson,  third  prize,  auditorium 75.00 

April  17,  1901,  Proudfoot  and  Bird,  auditorium  building 117. 8G- 

144 


April  19,  1902,  Proudfoot  and  Bird,  auditorium 550.36 

June  3,  1903,  Proudfoot  and  Bird,  gymnasium  building....  500.00 

Nov.  6,  1903,  Proudfoot  and  Bird,  gymnasium    700.00 

Nov.  6,  1905,  Proudfoot  and  Bird,  science  building 1,000.00 

Note — We  still  owe  on  gymnasium  building  about 900.00 

$4,943.22 

(President  Seerley  to  the   Committee,   ll-25-'05.) 

Tuition  and  Other  Fees. — Enrollment  fees  of  $5.00  per  term  are 
paid  into  the  treasury  by  all  students.  *  *  *  Other  fees  are 
charged  as  follows:  The  first  year  of  chemistry  is  free  as  laboratory 
expenditures  are  very  small.  After  that  time  they  pay  $1.00  per 
term.  In  manual  training  the  students  pay  the  exact  cost  of  all  wood 
and  other  material  that  they  use,  the  settlement  being  made  at 
the  end  of  the  term. 

In  domestic  science  there  is  no  fee  for  the  first  year.  For  the 
second  year  the  expense  is  covered  by  the  cost.  The  students  furnish 
all  their  'own  material  and  if  we  do  any  assisting  in  this  respect  such 
things  are  sold  to  them  at  wholesale  prices. 

The  music  students  pay  the  fees  for  private  lessons  to  the  teachers 
who  thus  supplement  the  small  salaries  that  are  paid  them  for  part  of 
a  day's  work.  Pianos  are  rented  to  the  students  on  fees  of  $2.00  per 
term,  one  hour  of  practice  being  permitted. 

In  the  gymnasium  no  fees  are  at  present  charged  except  for  swim- 
ming lessons  and  that  is  limited  to  the  expense  of  the  water  and  its 
heating,  being  about  ten  cents  per  lesson. 

Diploma  fees  of $2. 00  for  degree  course  and  $1.00  for  certificate 
courses  are  collected  and  paid  into  the  commencement  contingent  fund, 
defraying  the  expenses  of  that  occasion.  (President  Seerley  to  the 
Committee,  Nov.  25,  1905.) 

Expansion  in  the  Last  Six  Years. — Previous  to  the  last  six  years 
the  Normal  School  had  more  attendance  than  it  had  either  teachers 
or  room.  Hence,  there  was  no  chance  given  to  properly  organize  and 
direct  the  work  up  to  that  time.  Since  then  physical  training,  manual 
training,  domestic  science,  literary  society  work,  kindergarten  train- 
ing, and  musical  training  have  been  added  to  the  course  of  instruction. 
Since  we  limit  all  these  lines  to  those  intending  to  be  prepared  for 
teaching,  as  the  laws  require,  we  have  had  more  comparative  expense 
in  the  beginning  of  these  departments  than  enrollment.  Were  we 
not  required  to  enforce  the  restriction  and  were  permitted  to  enroll 
students  without  regard  to  becoming  teachers,  the  number  in  attend- 
ance would  be  greatly  increased.  I  have  assumed  that  the  state 
expected  us  to  faithfully  keep  the  Normal  School  lor  teachers  and 
thus  exclude  other  general  students.  *  *  *  Time  will  bring  the 
enrollment  increase  also  in  the  new  departments,  as  they  are  essential 
to  a  creditable  teachers'  school.  (President  Seerley  to  the  Committee, 
Nov.  18,  1905.) 


145 

11 


IOWA  STATE    NORMAL  SCHOOL. 


Teachers  Employed   and    Compensation   Paid  Each 

During  Years  1896  to   1905,  Inclusive,   for 

the  Regular  School  Year. 


FALL,  WINTER  AND  SPRING  TERMS. 


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IOWA  STATE    NORMAL   SCHOOL. 


Annual  Salaries  Paid  Employees  Other  Than  Teachers 
for  Years  1896  to  1905,  Inclusive. 


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Summer  Term  Salaries. 

1904.  1905. 

David  S.  Wright,  mathemetics    $  350.00      $       350.00 

Anna  E.  McGovern,  methods 270.00  270.00 

Sara  M.  Riggs,  history 240.00 

Julia  E.  Curtiss,  music    50.00  50.00 

Abbott   C.    Page,   chemistry    350.00              

Melvin  P.  Arey,  natural  science   350.00  350.00 

Leonard  W.  Parish,  political  science 350.00  350.00 

Mary  E.   Simmons,   English    280.00  280.00 

George  W.  Samson,  psychology 350.00  350.00 

Arthur  W.  Rich,  mathematics 350.00  350.UC 

Etta  Suplee,  training  school   188.00  300.00 

G.   W.   Walters,   didactics 350.00  350.00 

Henrietta    Thornton,    drawing    240.00  240.00 

Myra  E.  Call,  Latin 240.00 

Bertha  L.  Patt,  drawing   '.  200.00  200.00 

Eva  L.  Gregg,  English    200.00 

C.  P.  Colgrove,  psychology 350.00  350.00 

P.  A.  FitzGerald,  instrumental  music 200.00 

Wilbur  H.  Bonder,  training  school 350.00  350.00 

Laura   Palkler,   elocution 200.00 

George  W.  Newton,  natural  science    350.00  350.00 

C.  A.  Pullerton,  vocal  music    350.00  350.00 

Enola  Pearl  Pierce,  elecution 240.00             

Sara  P.   Rice,  history    240.00  240.00 

Harry  C.  Cummins,  penmanship 220.00  240.00 

P.   C.  Eastman,  Latin    350.00  350.00 

Ira   S.   Condit,   mathematics    350.00  350.00 

Jennie  G.   Hutchison,   Latin 170.00              

Elizabeth  Hughes,   physiography    170.00              

Laura   Seals,   mathematics    170.00             

Louie  Begeman,   physics    350.00  350.00 

S.    P.    Hersey,    physics    250.00  290.00 

W.  W.  Gist,  English    350.00  350.00 

Karl  P.   Geiser,  political  science 350.00  350.00 

J.   B.   Knoepfler,   German    350.00  350.00 

Ida  Fesenbeck,  indust.  work  and  mathematics  170.00  200.00 

Bertha   L.    Marsh,    physiography. 170.00              

George  B.  Affleck,  physical  training 250.00  310.00 

Dennis   M.    Kelly,    mathematics 300.00              

Guy  Stanton  Ford,  history    280.00          y    

Clara  A.   Tilton,   physical   training    200.00          X    

Matilda    Harrington,    Latin     180.00              

Louise    M.    Rowe,    drawing    180.00              

Nellie  B.  Wallbank,  English 160.00              

Sarah  Quigley,  mathematics    140.00              

Alice  C.  Inskeep,  vocal  music    125.00              

Blanche  Renne,   vocal   music    90.00 

151 


Ethel    Lovitt,  vocal   music    90.00 

Clinton  O.  Bates,  physical  science 250.00  250.00 

Flora  Wilber,  primary  methods   200.00  200.00 

B.  W.  Merrill,  instrumental  music    160.00  160.00 

Mrs.  Emma  Dahlin  Ingalls,  drawing 160.00  160.00 

Ralph  Rigby,  vocal   music    150.00  160.00 

Robert  Fullerton,  vocal  music   150.00  160.00 

Emma  Paffendorf,  physical  training 200.00 

Grace   W.    Knudsen,    physiography ......  240.00 

Alison  Aitchison,   physiography 140.00 

Frank  D.   Eaman,   oratory 240.00 

C.  S.  Hammock,  manual  training    280.00 

Mrs.  Elma  E.  McMahon,  domestic  science 200.00 

Harrietta  E.  Gunn,  kindergarten 200.00 

Nannie  Love,   vocal  music 100.00 

Emma  Lambert,  mathematics    170.00 

C.  L.  Hawk,  manual  training    35.00 

Grace  Owens,  manual  training ,.  .  . .          35.00 

Alda  Flansburg,  manual  training    35.00 

Ellen  Hull,  training  school 35.00 

Elizabeth  J.  Conner,  physical  training 50.00 

Forrest  Z.  Wheeler,  physical  science 60.00 

Mary  Williamson,  kindergarten 30.00 


$12,243.00      $12.440.00 
Iowa  State  Normal  School. 

Total  enrollment  of  students,  years  1895  tp  1905,  inclusive,  not  in- 
cluding summer  term  students. 
Year.  Normal  Dept.         Preparatory  Dept.       Total. 

1895    888                               70  958 

1896 986             93  1,079 

1897  1,091            104  l,19i 

1898  1,299            iai  1,430 

1899  ...1,356            153  1,509 

1900  1,400            151  1,551 

1901  1,368            136  1,504 

1902  1,262            207  1,469 

1903  1,337            152  1,489 

1904  ..'. 1,192            122  1,314 

1905  1,225            124  1,349 

Average  attendance  by  the  terms  in  the  years  as  stated. 

1895   630            57  687 

1896  726             70  796 

1897  778             72  850 

1898 916             85  1,001 

1899  965            101  1,066 

1900  975            101  1,076 

1901  958             86  1,044 

165 


1902  909  82  991 

1903  930  101  1,031 

1904  868  76  944 

1905  872  81  953 

Attendance  at  Sum- 
Year,  mer  Term — Normal  Dept. 

1897    180 

1898    339 

1899    471 

1900    795 

1901    • 925 

1902 941 

1903    1,159 

1904    1,009 

1905 1,203 

Note. — We  include  preparatory  department  in  our  yearly  enroll- 
ment, as  these  students  are  men  and  women,  over  sixteen  years  of  age, 
lack  the  scholarship  necessary  for  the  normal  classes,  but  who  pay 
regular  tuition,  and  are  non-residents  of  Cedar  Falls. 

UNIVERSITY  OF  MINNESOTA. 

Organization. — The  statute  law  of  Minnesota  provides  for  the  es- 
tablishment of  five  or  more  colleges  in  the  University  of  Minnesota. 

Government. — Its  government  is  vested  in  a  board  of  thirteen  re- 
gents. Nine  of  the  members  are  appointed  by  the  governor  by  and 
with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate.  Provision  is  made  for  four 
ex-officio  members.  Power  is  given  to  the  board  of  regents  to  elect 
officers,  professors  and  instructors  and  to  fix  salaries  and  among 
other  things  to  regulate  the  course  of  instruction  ana  prescribe  the 
books  and  authorities  to  be  used. 

Board  of  Control. — The  board  of  control  shall  have  and  exercise 
full  authority  in  all  financial  matters  of  the  State^ University,  the  state 
normal  schools,  the  state  public  school,  the  schools  for  the  deaf  and 
blind.  The  said  board  of  control  shall  disburse  all  public  moneys  of 
the  several  institutions  named,  and  shall  have  the  same  authority  in 
the  expenditure  of  the  public  moneys  appropriated  therefor,  as  in 
the  other  institutions  named  in  this  bill,  except  as  hereinafter  otherwise 
provided,  and  such  board  shall  appoint  a  purchasing  and  disbursing  of- 
ficer or  officers  for  such  institutions.  Said  board  of  control  shall  also 
have  supervision  of  the  construction  of  all  buildings  and  betterments 
erected  at  the  cost  of  the  state,  but  shall  cooperate  with  the  local  boards 
of  the  different  institutions  in  the  preparations  of  the  pians  and  speci- 
fications therefor.  Such  board  of  control,  however,  shall  not  have 
control  over  or  authority  to  disburse  any  private  donations  or  be- 
quests made  by  gifts  or  devise,  by  any  private  individual,  to  any  edu- 
cational institution  of  this  state,  but  said  private  gifts  or  donations 
or  bequests  shall,  unless  otherwise  directed  by  the  terms  of  such  gifts 
or  bequest,  be  applied  by  such  various  board  of  the  said  educational 

156 


institutions,  to  the  use  proposed  by  the  terms  of  the. gift.  But  the 
various  boards  now  in  charge  of  the  several  educational  institutions 
shall  have  and  retain  the  exclusive  control  of  the  general  educational 
policy  of  said  institutions,  "of  the  course  of  study,  the  number  of  teach- 
ers necessary  to  be  employed,  and  the  salaries  to  be  paid,  and  such 
various  boards  shall  have  the  exclusive  right  to  employ  or  dismiss 
the  teachers  and  others  engaged  in  carrying  on  the  functions  of  said 
institutions  and  shall  also  have  the  exclusive  control  of  the  grounds, 
buildings  and  other  private  property  of  their  several  institutions,  ex- 
cept as  herein  specifically  reserved  to  said  board  of  control.  All  con- 
tracts with  employees  of  said  educational  institutions  and  a  concise 
statement  of  all  supplies  needed  shall  be  reported  by  the  board  in 
charge  of  said  several  institutions  to  the  said  board  of  control,  and 
provision  shall  be  made  by  said  board  of  control,  by  suitable  rules,  for 
the  payment  of  salaries  of  such  employees,  and  any  expenses  incurred 
by  the  members  of  said  local  board  and  for  the  purpose  of  all  necessary 
supplies  by  such  purchasing  agent  to  be  appointed  as  herein  provided, 
as  in  the  case  of  the  other  public  institutions  of  this  state. 
Laws  of  1901  (Minnesota),  ch.,  122,  section  18. 

Present  Powers  of  Board  of  Control. — At  the  last  session  of  the 
legislature,  the  provision  of  the  law,  last  quoted,  was  in  a  large  part 
repealed.  The  board  of  control  is  now  charged  only  with  the  duty 
of  purchasing  fuel,  placing  insurance  and  superintending  the  erection 
of  new  buildings. 

History  of  Board  of  Control  Legislation. — President  Cyrus  Northrop 
of  the  University  of  Minnesota: 

The  governor  of  Minnesota  desiring  to  ascertain  the  practice  of 
states  that  had  boards  of  control  appointed  a  commission  of  three 
persons  to  visit  such  states  and  to  report  as  to  their  practice  and  as 
to  the  desireableness  of  establishing  a  board  of  control  in  Minnesota. 
The  committee  attended  to  its  duties  and  made  a  report  in  favor  of 
establishing  a  board  of  control  to  take  charge  of  the  charitable  in- 
stitutions of  the  state.  The  bill  was  introduced  into  the  legislature 
accordingly,  providing  for  such  board  of  control.  This  bill  encountered 
strong  opposition  especially  from  the  towns  where  the  charitable  in- 
stitutions were  located.  A  member  of  the  senate  living  in  one  of  these 
towns  moved  an  amendment  to  the  bill,  providing  that  the  board 
of  control  should  have  authority  over  the  educational  institutions  in- 
cluding the  university  and  normal  schools,  his  object  in  moving  this 
amendment  being  to  kill  the  bill  it  being  supposed  that  if  the  amend- 
ment were  adopted  the  friends  of  the  educational  institutions  would 
vote  against  the  bill,  as  amended.  This  amendment  was  not  introduced 
because  any  fault  was  found  with  the  management  of  the  university 
by  the  regents,  or  with  the  management  of  the  normal  schools  by 
the  school  board,  but  simply  and  solely  to  defeat  the  whole  bill  for 
establishing  the  board  of  control.  However,  the  amendment  was 
adopted  and  on  the  face  of  it  educational  as  well  as  charitable  in- 
stitutions were  placed  under  the  board  of  control.  The  constitution 
of  Minnesota  required  that  every  bill  shall  state  in  its  title  the  purpose 

167 


of  the  bill.  The  bill  to  establish  the  board  of  control  had  been  limited 
to  charitable  institutions  and  after  the  educational  institutions  were 
included  in  the  bill  the  title  was  not  amended.  The  question  arose 
whether  the  provision  including  the  educational  institutions  was  con- 
stitutional and  that  matter  having  been  brought  to  the  supreme  courl 
decided  by  a  vote  of  three  to  two  that  the  educational  institutions 
were  sufficiently  charitable  institutions  to  be  included  under  the  title 
as  that  so  far  as  the  normal  schools  which  had  brought  the  suit  were 
concerned  they  were  properly  included  in  the  bill.  For  two  years 
while  these  matters  were  going  on  the  university  continued  under 
the  board  of  regents,  but  the  legislature  having  met  and  failed  to  re- 
lease the  university  the  latter  came  under  the  board  of  control,  so 
far  as  its  expenses  were  concerned,  except  salaries  and  the  educational 
management.  The  regents  still  retained  control  of  the  educational 
policy  of  the  institution  and  the  appointment  of  instructors  and  pro- 
fessors and  fixing  their  salaries,  this  being  provided  in  the  bill  es- 
tablishing the  board  of  control.  The  university  continued  thus  under 
the  double-headed  management  of  the  regents  and  the  board  of  control 
for  two  years;  both  boards  did  as  well  as  they  could  to  avoid  friction, 
but  the  situation  was  very  unpleasant  and  very  trying.  The  amount 
of  circumlocution  necessary  to  get  things  done  was  annoying  and 
the  general  effect  upon  the  university  was  in  all  respects  depressing; 
the  officers  of  the  institution  felt  it  and  everybody  connected  with 
the  university  felt  it.  There  was  an  entire  absence  of  an  air  of  free- 
dom about  the  university,  that  freedom  which  is  so  necessary  to  the 
best  work  in  education.  It  became  evident  enough  that  under  the 
most  favorable  circumstances  the  double-headed  arrangement  of  man- 
aging the  university  was  a  bad  arrangement  and  the  alternative  was 
presented  of  either  freeing  the  university  and  letting  the  board  of 
regents  manage  the  institution  or  of  placing  the  institution  wholly 
under  the  board  of  control  and  abolishing  the  board  of  regents.  The 
matter  came  before  the  next  legislature  and  the  bill  introduced  and 
ultimately  amended  so  as  to  give  the  whole  control  to  the  board  of 
regents,  except  in  the  matter  of  purchasing  fuel,  placing  insurance 
and  superintending  the  erection  of  new  buildings  was  passed  by  the 
house  of  representatives  by  a  vote  of  78  to  27  and  by  the  senate  by 
a  vote  of  48  to  8  and  the  university  was  thus  practically  in  all  essen- 
tial respects  freed  from  the  board  of  control  and  the  possibilities  of 
further  friction  was  removed.  This  bill  goes  into  effect  on  the  first  of 
August,  1905,  but  in  anticipation  of  what  is  to  come  the  board  of 
control  is  not  so  strenuous  in  the  exercise  of  its  authority  in  these 
closing  months,  as  it  otherwise  might  be. 

Small  Educational  Board  of  Control. — President  Northrop: 
So  far  as  related  to  the  establishment  of  an  educational  board  to 
have  control  of  all  the  educational  institutions  of  the  first  grade  in 
the  state  the  proposition  has  been  talked  about  in  Minnesota  by  cer- 
tain persons,  but  it  has  never  come  before  the  legislature  in  any 
serious  way  and  I  do  not  think  that  it  is  likely  to  present  itself  in 
the  near  future.  At  present  the  board  of  regents  manages  the  affairs 

163 


of  the  university  and  they  do  it  without  any  salaries  for  themselves  and 
without  any  expense  to  the  state,  except  in  a  few  cases,  the  traveling 
expenses  of  regents  who  live  a  considerable  distance  from  the  uni- 
versity are  paid  and  in  like  manner  the  affairs  of  the  normal  schools 
are.  managed  by  the  normal  board,  a  body  of  gentlemen  who  serve 
without  compensation.  The  proposed  arrangement  involves,  instead 
of  these  boards  made  up  of  gentlemen  peculiarly  fitted  for  their  work, 
public  spirited  having  an  interest  in  education  and  proud  to  do  their 
best  for  the  state  without  pay;  involves  I  say,  the  establishment 
of  a  small  board  the  members  of  which  are  to  be  upon  a  salary  the 
powers  of  which  are  to  be  almost  unlimited,  in  which  case  probably 
two  men  would  have  in  their  hands  virtually  the  direction  of  the 
whole  higher  educational  work  of  the  state,  the  establishment  of 
chairs  in  the  university,  the  removal  and  appointment  of  presidents, 
professors  and  instructors;  and  if  in  any  case,  as  is  more  than  likely 
the  board  should  be  political  in  its  character  with  the  influence  of 
passions  and  the  enemities  and  friendships  of  politicians  it  could  not 
fail  to  result  in  a  degradation  of  the  institutions  and  education  of  the 
state,  while  it  might  become  an  instrument  of  vengeance  in  the  hands 
of  a  board  of  politicians,  rather  than  of  educators. 

Large  vs.   Small  Boards. — President  Northrop: 

Large  boards  are  much  better  than  small  ones  where  the  exercise 
of  a  policy  is  largely  in  the  hands  of  the  president  and  faculty  of  the 
university  and  only  the  general  direction  and  supervision  of  policies  is 
in  the  hands  of  the  board.  With  a  board  of  twelve  men  it  is  almost 
impossible  that  there  should  be  in  its  action  anything  unjust  or  unfair 
or  undesirable.  Such  members  being  broad  minded  citizens  serving  the 
state,  not  for  money,  but  for  the  good  of  the  state,  will  look  up  all 
questions  fairly  and  decide  equitably.  No  one  would  think  of  es- 
tablishing so  large  a  board  all  of  which  were  to  dra\v  salaries.  An 
educational  board  appointed  to  govern  the  educational  institutions 
of  the  state  will  necessarily  be  small,  power  will  be  concentrated, 
pressure  for  appointment  on  the  board  becomes  like  that  which  is 
felt  when  public  offices  are  to  be  filled.  Very  different  indeed  from  the 
honorable  position  which  one  holds  on  the  board  of  regents  not  for 
pay  or  selfish  considerations,  but  for  a  sincere  desire  to  be  of  service 
in  the  great  work  of  education.  Under  a  small  board  of  paid  mem- 
bers quite  likely  selected  for  political  reasons;  quite  likely  having 
other  interests  to  serve  than  the  pure  educational  interests;  quite 
likely  to  change  officers  of  institutions,  in  order  to  gratify  friends 
and  to  promote  their  policies  no  faculty  would  feel  any  measure  of 
security  for  its  continued  existence  and  the  educational  work  of  the 
state  would  be  impaired  by  the  absence  of  that  peace  which  is  ab- 
solutely essential  to  the  best  educational  work.  Faculties  can  not 
do  their  best  work  when  they  are  in  constant  apprehension  of  their 
positive  dissatisfaction  or  removal.  It  is  an  established  principle  that 
it  is  a  good  policy  to  let  well  enough  alone.  The  board  of  regents 
has  enough  to  occupy  its  attention.  It  can  do  its  work  well  enough 
because  its  attention  is  centralized  upon  one  institution  and  it  does  do 


its  work  well  because  of  that  reason.  All  the  members  of  the  board 
of  regents  are  usually  in  their  places  at  the  meetings  of  the  board 
and  the  questions  discussed  are  seldom  decided  with  a  board  very 
much  divided.  If  there  is  a  difference  of  opinion  in  a  marked  degree 
the  board  usually  waits  until  there  is  a  concensus  of  opinion  and 
then  it  acts.  In  this  way  may  be  seen  the  wisdom  of  having  a  large 
board;  no  prejudices,  no  bitterness  of  feeling,  no  scheming  for  revenge, 
no  selfish  motives  whatever  govern  and  claim  control  and  the  board 
when  it  acts  acts  without  prejudice  or  selfish  motives  of  any  sort. 
The  present  arrangement  is  more  economical  than  the  arrangement 
with  a  salaried  board;  it  is  safer,  it  is  freer  from  politics,  it  makes 
education  of  the  best  character  its  object  to  be  obtained  and  it  awakens 
an  interest  in  the  work  through  the  personal  influence,  character  and 
standing  of  members  of  the  board  of  regents  appointed  from  various 
parts  of  the  state.  Put  the  whole  higher  education  in  the  hands  of  a 
small  paid  board,  quite  likely  to  be  composed  of  politicians,  rather 
than  for  educational  knowledge  and  it  will  be  a  distinct  loss  both  in 
respect  to  the  security  of  men  who  have  devoted  their  lives  to  par- 
ticular studies  and  who  will  be  in  danger  of  being  beheaded  at  any 
time;  it  will  be  distinct  loss  in  the  inspiration  to  the  highest  edu- 
cational work;  it  will  be  a  distinct  loss  in  the  air  of  freedom  which 
ought  to  surround  every  institution  of  higher  learning,  and  it  will 
be  a  gain  only  to  the  politicians  who  may  hold  the  positions  as  mem- 
bers of  the  board,  or  their  associates  who  may  hope  to  make  the 
institution  the  means  of  promoting  their  own  political  or  pecuniary 
advancement.  All  the  great  colleges  of  the  country  are  governed  by 
boards  to  whom  only  their  intreests  are  committed  and  who  are  able 
to  do  the  very  best  work  because  their  attention  is  concentrated  upon 
a  single  institution.  It  is  quite  possible  to  carry  the  corporation  and 
trust  idea  too  far  and  the  people  of  this  country  long  for  something 
of  liberty  in  the  matter  of  education  and  they  do  not  long  for  monopo- 
lies of  control  in  educational  institutions,  or  in  the  management  of  the 
educational  work  of  the  state. 

Same. — "The  manifest  advantage  of  a  large,  board  is  that  there  is 
less  personal  piques,  passions  and  prejudices  controlling  and  a  chance 
of  wider  discussion  and  a  more  unbraided  decision  also  a  larger  board 
is  more  thoroughly  democratic  and  more  thoroughly  representative  of 
the  people  of  the  state."  (President  Northrop  to  the  Committee.) 

Current  Expenses. — ("The  total  amount  of  our  current  expenses 
not  including  buildings  is  about  $480,000."  (President  Northrop  to 
the  Committee.) 

Number  of  Colleges  and  Schools. 

1.  The  College  of  Science,  Literature  and  the  Arts. 

2.  The  College  of  Engineering  and  the  Mechanic  Arts. 

3.  The   College   of  Agriculture. 

4.  The  College  of  Law. 

5.  The   College   of  Medicine  and   Surgery. 

6.  The  College  of  Homeopathic  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

7.  The  College  of  Dentistry. 

160 


8.  The    College   of   Pharmacy. 

9.  The  School  of  Mines. 

10.  The  School  of  Chemistry. 

11.  The  Dairy  School. 

The  Graduate  Department. — "This  department  affords  an  ex- 
tension of  the  work  of  the  College  of  Science,  Literature  and  Arts,  the 
College  of  Engineering  and  the  Mechanics  Arts,  the  School  of  Mines, 
the  College  of  Law,  and  the  College  of  Agriculture."  (University 
Bulletin,  Nov.  1,  1904. 

Short  Course  for  Farmers. — The  Bulletin  announces  a  short  course 
for  farmers. 

Enrollment. 
"The  enrollment  in  the  College  of  Science,  Literature  and  Arts 

is  about    : 

Graduate  students  about 

School    of    Chemistry    about 50 

College  of  Engineering  about 400 

School  of  Mines  about ' 125 

Department  of  Agriculture    700 

College    of    Law    500 

Department  of  Medicine 450 

The  University  Summer   School    230 

The  total  of  these  figures  would  be 2,825 

"Our  last  year's  registration  was  about  twenty  larger  than  this  and 
our  registration  this  year  is  about  as  large."  (President  Northrop  to 
the  Committee.) 

Tuition. — See  statement  of  President  MacLean  under  the  head- 
ing— Iowa  State  University. 

Salaries. — President  Northrop: 

Salaries  paid  to  professors  vary  from  $1,500  to  $2,500,  and  instruc- 
tors vary  from  $600  to  $1,200.  Assistant  professors  from  $1,200  to 
$1,500  and  subordinate  employees  receive  less. 

President  a  Member  of  the  Board. — President  Northrop : 
The  president  by  having  a  vote  becomes  the  peer  of  the  other 
members  of  the  board  of  regents  and  as  no  one  else  can  have  greater 
interest  than  he  it  is  eminently  proper  that  he  should  have  a  vote  in 
determining  the  policy  of  the  board.  It  puts  him  on  a  level  with 
the  other  members  of  the  board,  instead  of  in  the  position  of  a  hired 
school  teacher. 

Governor   a   Member   of   the    Board. — President   Northrop: 
I  think  it  is  desirable  that  the  governor  should  be  a  member  of 
the  board  because  of  his  influence  and  the  desirability  of  having  him 
thoroughly    acquainted    with  Athe    university    and    interested    in    its 
welfare. 

Appointment   of  Regents   by  the    Governor. — President   Northrop: 

I  think  the  appointment  of  regents  by  the  governor  is  a  good  plan. 

The  personal  responsibility  of  the  governor  for  the  excellence  of  his 

appointment  tending  to  making  him  careful.     We  have  rarely  had  an 

unworthy  person  appointed  by  any  governor  of  our  state. 

161 

12 


Plans  for  Buildings. — President  Northrop: 

The  state  architect,  under  the  authority  of  the  board  of  control 
makes  the  plans  for  the  public  buildings  and  superintends  their  con- 
struction. 

EDUCATIONAL   INSTITUTIONS   OP   SOUTH   DAKOTA. 

Board  of  Control. — The  management  of  the  educational  institu- 
tions in  the  state  of  South  Dakota  is  vested  in  a  board  of  five  regents, 
appointed  by  the  governor,  by  and  with  the  consent  of  the  senate. 

Same — Compensation. — A  salary  of  $1,000  a  year  is  allowed  to 
each  member  of  the  board,  and  a  similar  sum  its  secretary  and  stenog- 
rapher. An  allowance  of  $1,500  a  year  is  made  for  the  expenses  of 
the  board,  and  an  allowance  of  $500  a  year  for  the  expenses  of  the 
secretary. 

Powers  of  Board. — General  powers  are  given  to  the  board  and  to 
it  is  given  the  "power  to  employ  or  dismiss  all  members  of  the 
faculties  of  instruction  of  said  institutions,"  and  other  employees,  to 
determine  their  number,  their  qualifications,  define  their  duties,  fix 
the  period  of  term  of  their  employment  and  the  rate  and  manner  of 
their  compensation. 

Meetings. — At  the  monthly  meetings  the  members  of  the  board 
examine  the  accounts  of  each  institution  and  perform  such  other  busi- 
ness as  comes  before  them,  At  the  annual  meeting,  usually  held  in 
the  month  of  May  the  members  of  the  faculty  of  each  institution  are 
elected. 

Strength  and  Weakness  of  the  System. — President  Garrett  Drop- 
pers: The  system  of  control  over  state  educational  institutions  now 
established  in  South  Dakota  can  certainly  not  be  recommended  in  all 
of  its  details,  or  recommended  to  other  states  for  imitation.  The 
first  cause  of  difficulty  lies  in  the  fact  that  the  governor  has  power  of 
removal,  practically  without  cause,  of  any  member  of  this  board  of 
control.  This  power  tends  to  put  the  members  into  an  entirely 
docile  and  submissive  state  of  mind  so  far  as  the  governor  is  con- 
cerned, or,  more  than  this,  that  they  must  carry  out  the  wishes  of 
the  governor  so  far  as  they  pertain  to  the  state  educational  institutions. 
It  was  reported  in  this  state,  on  seemingly  good  authority,  that  a 
member  of  the  present  board  of  regents  stated  that  the  regents  were 
the  creatures  of  the  governor  and  must  carry  out  his  orders.  I  can- 
not, however  vouch  for  the  absolute  accuracy  of  this  statement.  This 
law,  passed  in  the  session  of  1901,  giving  the  governor  power  of  re- 
moval of  the  members  of  the  board,  practically  without  cause,  must 
be  considered  hardly  less  than  a  public  calamity,  and  I  have  no  doubt 
personally  that  the  regents  themselves  of  this  state  would  coincide 
with  this  view.  Had  the  law  made  the  governor  ex-officio  member  of 
the  board,  there  would  have  been  not  so  much  room  for  criticism,  for 
in  the  latter  case  the  governor  would  merely  be  one  of  six  regents, 
who  would  in  that  case  know  all  the  facts  and  would  have  to  use  his 
power  of  persuasion  to  effect  his  purposes.  Under  the  present  law, 
however,  the  governor  need  acquaint  himself  with  none  of  the  facts, 
and  yet  make  demands  upon  the  board  of  regents  which  they  are 

162 


bound  to  obey  or  resign  from  the  board.  It  is  hardly  to  be  gainsaid 
that  under  such  a  law  the  average  man  is  more  likely  to  obey  the 
governor  than  resign  his  office.  Under  this  system  politics  will  in- 
fluence the  actions  of  the  board  more  than  under  the  other  system, 
for  the  governor  can  make  his  demands  upon  the  board  of  regents 
without  giving  any  reason  or  assigning  any  notice  whatever  for  his 
action.  As  a  member  of  the  board,  he  would  be  forced  to  consider  the 
rational  aspects  of  every  question,  use  persuasion,  and  be  guided  by 
the  actual  conditions  of  the  case. 

The  above  is  the  fundamental  weakness  in  the  state  educational 
organization  in  South  Dakota.  Another  point  of  weakness  is  that  the 
regents  of  education  receive  a  small  salary,  viz.,  $1,000  a  year,  for 
their  services.  They  are  neither  a  board  of  control  with  sufficient 
pay  to  enable  them  to  devote  their  entire  time  to  their  work,  nor  do 
they  serve  in  a  purely  honorary  capacity,  as  a  board  of  trustees.  The 
result  is  more  or  less  disastrous,  and  in  consequence,  the  educational 
interests  of  the  state  suffer.  Men  who  serve  purely  in  an  honorary 
capacity  are  likely  to  be  bound  to  a  higher  ideal  of  efficient  service 
to  the  institution  which  they  represent.  Pay  without  adequate  pay 
is  perhaps  the  poorest  policy  that  any  American  state  ever  invented 
with  the  idea  of  solving  an  educational  problem.  There  are  merits  in 
a  small  board  of  control — say  with  a  membership  of  three  men — with 
entirely  sufficient  pay,  men  of  independence  and  adequate  education. 
Such  a  board  of  control  would  devote  all  of  its  time  to  the  educational 
institutions,  and,  as  an  object  to  public  scrutiny,  would  be  forced  to 
show  results.  There  are  also  great  merits,  probably  even  more,  in  a 
board  serving  without  pay,  where  the  members  receive  only  expenses 
for  their  actual  services.  Such  men  are  apt  to  be  chosen  in  an  honor- 
ary sense.  While  they  cannot  give  all  of  their  time  to  the  institution 
which  they  are  appointed  to  serve,  yet  they  will  have  in  mind  prob- 
ably excellent  ideals  of  the  advancement  of  the  institution,  and  they 
will  not  be  willing  to  serve  political  ends.  As  there  is  no  pay  in  it 
for  them,  they  are  at  a  pinch  ready  to  resign  their  offices  rather  than 
to  comply  with  political  exigencies.  But  South  Dakota  seems  to  have 
the  disadvantages  of  both  systems.  The  members  of  the  board  are 
paid  small  salaries — just  enough,  perhaps,  to  make  them  anxious  to 
retain  their  places,  and  yet  not  enough  to  give  them  leisure  from 
the  demands  of  their  own  professions.  Nearly  all  the  members  of  the 
board  of  regents  of  the  state  of  South  Dakota  are  busy  men,  having 
to  practice  their  proper  professions  with  unceasing  diligence.  The  con- 
sequence is  that  they  necessarily  cannot  understand  the  educational 
questions  and  conditions  which  arise  as  they  should.  Under  the  honor- 
ary system,  where  the  board  consists  of  a  considerable  number  of 
members  without  pay,  they  are  more  willing  to  leave  the 
administration  of  matters  entirely  in  the  hands  of  the  institution  it- 
self. Such  men  are  not  inclined  to  interfere  except  at  rare  intervals. 
They  are  more  a  court  of  appeal  and  criticism  thai*  an  executive 
board.  In  South  Dakota,  the  interference  of  the  board  of  regents  with 
the  actual  conduct  of  affairs  in  each  institution  constantly  tends  to 
increase. 

163 


Another  difficulty  springs  from  the  fact  that  in  South  Dakota  the 
agricultural  college  and  the  university  are  separate  institutions.  This 
is  a  source  of  constant  friction.  No  amount  of  protest  that  each  insti- 
tution is  animated  by  good  will  toward  the  other  seems  to  be  effective. 
At  bottom,  it  is  generally  suspected  that  the  agricultural  college  is  aim- 
ing to  supplant  the  university  and  that,  on  the  other  hand,  the  uni- 
versity is  aiming  to  absorb  the  agricultural  college.  But  for  this  fact 
the  adjustment  of  governing  board  might  be  more  easily  arranged  for. 
In  my  opinion,  the  most  ideal  condition  is  in  the  state  of  Wisconsin, 
where  there  is  a  separate  board  of  regents  for  the  university,  which 
however,  includes  the  agricultural,  college,  the  school  of  mines  and  all 
other  technological  schools,  and  this  board  of  regents  has  exclusively 
the  advancement  of  the  university  and  its  interests  in  charge.  There 
are,  however,  on  the  other  hand,  seven  normal  schools  which  have 
similar  aims  and  purposes,  which  are  put  into  the  hands  of  another 
and  separate  governing  board.  Where  the  arrangement  of  institutions 
is  as  it  is  in  Wisconsin,  I  can  conceive  of  no  improvement  on  this  situa- 
tion. It  seems  to  me  that  in  this  instance  a  governing  board  for  the  uni- 
versity, serving  in  an  honorary  capacity,  merely  having  its  expenses 
provided  for,  is  an  ideal  state  of  things.  The  university  has  all  the 
requisite  vigor,  independence  and  power  to  prosecute  its  proper  work, 
progress  on  conservative  lines  and  to  set  its  own  limits.  The  work  of 
the  regents  is  in  the  highest  degree  merely  judicial  and  advisory. 
Where  the  situation,  however,  is  different,  where  the  agricultural 
school  is  a  separate  institution  from  the  university,  it  is  a  matter  of 
some  difficulty  to  decide  the  question  as  between  a  board  of  control 
highly  paid  and  efficient,  and  a  board  of  trustees  serving  in  an  honor- 
ary capacity  without  pay.  On  the  whole,  I  am  inclined  to  think  that 
with  but  three  state  educational  institutions  in  Iowa — Ithe  University, 
the  Agricultural  College  and  the  State  Normal  School — while  it  must 
be  admitted  that  it  is  a  profound  mistake  to  have  the  Agricultural 
College  separate  from  the  University,  and  while  it  must  be  admitted 
that  the  union  of  these  two  institutions  would  put  an  end  to  many  of 
the  difficulties  that  now  exist,  yet  I  am  inclined  to  believe  that  Iowa  is 
far  better  off  than  she  suspects  under  the  present  system.  A  board  of 
control  highly  paid  and  efficient  may  be  successful  in  solving  all  the 
difficulties  that  now  exist.  I  am  unable  to  decide  finally  with  regard 
to  this  point,  but  I  cannot  help  believing  that  it  is  a  mistake  to  in- 
augurate a  system  which  does  not  in  any  respect  depend  upon  unpaid 
effort.  I  trust  that  a  stage  of  society  will  never  arrive  when  there  are 
no  men  who  will  work  unselfishly,  and  impartially  for  the  cause  of 
the  general  good.  It  would  be  a  pity,  it  seems  to  me,  to  reduce  every 
office  to  a  commercial  basis.  A  board  of  control  for  the  charitable 
and  penal  institutions  is  unquestionably  a-  wise  move.  Prom  what  I 
can  understand,  I  have  no  hesitation  in  saying  that  a  small  and  highly 
paid  board  of  control,  as  Iowa  has  at  present  with  regard  to  the  penal 
and  charitable  institutions,  is  a  final  solution  of  the  question  of  the 
control  of  these  organizations.  But  with  regard  to  educational  insti- 
tutions, the  point  of  view  is  radically  different.  Penal  and  charitable 

184 


institutions  are  a  necessary  evil.  They  bespeak  the  weakness  of  so- 
ciety. The  more  perfectly  society  develops,  the  less  will  be  the  import- 
ance attached  to  penal  and  charitable  institutions.  They  are  signs  of 
imperfect  development.  With  educational  institutions  of  the  higher 
sort,  all  this  is  different.  With  the  progress  of  society  these  institu- 
tions must  play  a  more  important  part,  and  therefore  their  claims  for 
assistance  rest  on  more  ideal  grounds  than  those  of  charitable  and 
penal  institutions.  The  appropriations  required  by  charitable  and 
penal  institutions  must  be  granted.  They  arise  from  the  necessities  of 
the  case.  The  claims  of  educational  institutions  are  less  tangible  and 
must  appeal  to  more  remote  and  less  obvious  motives.  It  is  possible 
that  a  small  board  of  control  efficient  and  highly  paid  may  accomplish 
all  that  can  be  accomplished  now  by  an  honorary  board,  but  I  do  not 
think  that  any  priori  reasoning  can  settle  this  point.  The  only  final 
test  will  be  the  test  of  experience.  Men  can  bandy  arguments  pro  and 
con  on  questions  of  this  complexity  until  the  crack  of  doom  without  ar- 
riving at  any  final  conclusion. 

On  one  point,  however,  we  may  be  certain — that  there  are  only  two 
alternatives;  on  the  one  hand,  a  small  board  highly  paid  and  efficient, 
devoting  all  of  its  time  to  the  educational  interests,  and  that  may  be, 
as  far  as  possible,  independent  of  all  political,  and  especially  partisan, 
influences;  on  the  other  hand,  a  larger  board,  serving  in  an  honorary 
capacity,  less  efficient  but  animated  perhaps  by  higher  and  more  non- 
commercial ideals.  The  system  as  organized  in  South  Dakota  is  a  com- 
promise between  these  two  alternatives,  and  is  fatally  defective.  If 
experience  has  taught  us  anything  in  this  state  (SouthDakota),  it 
has  taught  us  that  an  underpaid  public  service  is  the  most  expensive 
labor  of  all;  that  a  small  salary  is  as  much  a  bribe  as  a  large  one,  and 
perhaps  even  more  so;  that  any  connecting  link  between  the  political 
powers  and  the  educational  interests  of  the  state  is  a  fatal  defeat  so 
far  as  the  real  interests  of  the  people  are  concerned;  and  that  to  have 
efficient  instruction  of  a  higher  character  in  state  institutions  implies 
complete  independence  of  thought  and  speech  on  the  part  of  the 
educators. 

Salaries. — The  president  of  the  University  receives  a  salary  of 
$3,000  a  year.  The  dean  of  the  College  of  Law  receives  $2,500  and 
the  professors  receive  from  $1,200  to  $1,800  a  year.  Assistant  pro- 
fessors and  instructors  receive  salaries  ranging  from  $720  to  $1,200 
a  year. 

NORTHWESTERN  UNIVERSITY, 

""T-  J 

Evanston,  Chicago. 

Colleges  and  Schools. — The  University  comprises  the  following  de- 
partments of  instruction,  each  having  a  distinct  faculty: 
The  College  of  Liberal  Arts,  in  Evanston. 
The  Medical  School,  in  Chicago. 
The  Law  School,  in  Chicago. 
The  School  of  Pharmacy,  in  Chicago. 
The  Dental  School,  in  Chicago. 

165 


The  School  of  Music,  in  Evanston. 

The  following  non-degree-conferring  departments  are  maintained 
by  the  University: 

The  Academy,  at  Evanston. 

Grand  Prairie  Seminary,  at  Onarga,  Illinois. 

The  Elgin  Academy,  at  Elgin,  Illinois. 

Garrett  Biblical  Institute. — A  theological  school  authorized  by  its 
charter  to  confer  degrees  in  divinity,  is  established  on  its  own  founda- 
tion and  under  separate  management.  The  buildings  of  the  institute 
are  on  the  University  campus  in  Evanston,  and  the  school  is  in  close 
co-operation  with  the  University. 

The  Norwegian-Danish  Theological  School  in  Evanston  is  located 
with  the  institute. 

The  Swedish  Theological  Seminary  is  an  independent  school  located 
on  the  University  campus  in  Evanston. 

The  Cumnock  School  of  Oratory  is  conducted  on  the  University 
campus  at  Evanston. 

Government — Board  of  Trustees. — President  Thomas  F.  Holgate: 
The  board  of  trustees  of  this  University  consists  of  forty-four  members, 
of  whom  thirty-six  are  elected  by  the  board,  and  eight  are  elected  by 
four  annual  conferences  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  These 
latter  are  elected  one  annually  in  each  conference  to  serve  for  two 
years;  the  former  are  divided  into  four  groups,  the  members  of  each 
group  being  elected  for  a  period  of  four  years,  so  that  nine  trustees  of 
this  class  retire  each  year,  but  in  practice  are  usually  re-elected  until 
a  vacancy  occurs  by  death  or  removal  so  distant  that  it  is  practically 
impossible  for  the  trustee  to  perform  his  duties.  The  board  is  thus 
practically  self-perpetuating  and  continuous.  The  changes  in  any  one 
year  are  so  slight  as  not  to  disturb  the  workings  of  the  board. 

Meetings  of  the  Board — Committees. — President  Holgate:  Where 
detailed  administrative  work  is  to  be  handled  by  the  board,  it  is  nec- 
essary that  there  should  be  frequent  meetings  in  order  to  avoid  tedious 
delays.  If  a  board  is  large  this  becomes  almost  impossible  and  this 
University  has  found  It  advisable  to  hold  but  four  meetings  of  the 
board  during  the  year.  The  most  important  of  these  is  perhaps  the 
meeting  in  June,  at  which  time  the  informal  reports  are  presented  by 
the  president  of  the  University  and  the  business  manager,  and  the  elec- 
tions of  members  and  officers  of  the  board  are  held.  The  annual  meet- 
ing, so-called,  is  held  in  October,  when  the  formal  reports  for  the  pre- 
ceding academic  year  are  presented,  and  the  work  of  that  year  re- 
viewed. The  financial  situation  of  the  University  is  carefully  discussed 
at  that  time  and  the  general  educational  policy  is  considered.  The 
meetings  in  February  and  April  are  less  formal,  and  are  usually  given 
over  to  discussions  of  questions  that  may  be  raised  by  the  president 
of  the  University,  or  of  any  question  that  may  come  up  for  special  con- 
sideration at  the  time. 

To  avoid  more  frequent  meetings  of  the  board  there  exists  an  ex- 
ecutive committee  of  sixteen  members,  mostly  resident  within  easy 
access  of  the  University.  This  committee  has  the  full  power  of  the 

166 


board  during  the  intervals,  except  that  it  may  not  elect  a  president  of 
the  University  or  a  full  professor.  It  meets  monthly  and  handles  all 
the  detailed  business  of  the  University.  The  various  sub-committees 
of  the  board  are  appointed  to  consider  in  particular  matters  relating 
to  the  several  departments  of  the  University.  For  example,  there  is  a 
committee  on  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts,  consisting  of  five  members. 
During  the  year  this  committee  meets  at  the  call  of  the  president  of 
the  University,  and  frequently  with  the  dean  of  the  college.  Any  mat 
ter  relating  to  the  internal  work  of  the  college  will  be  discussed  with 
this  committee  before  it  goes  to  the  executive  committee  or  to  the  gen- 
eral board.  The  establishment  of  new  departments  of  study,  the  elec- 
tion of  the  professors  and  instructors,  plans  for  new  buildings,  and 
the  like  go  in  the  first  instance  to  this  committee.  These  committees 
on  the  several  departments  report  to  the  executive  committee  or  to  the 
board  such  recommendations  as  they  may  deem  wise  for  the  depart- 
ment concerned. 

Salaries. — President  Holgate:  The  salary  of  the  president  of  the 
University  has  been  $7,500,  and  will  hereafter  be  probably  as  much  as 
that  together  with  a  free  house.  The  salaries  of  professors  in  the 
professional  schools  average  higher  than  do  salaries  in  the  College  of 
Liberal  Arts.  A  professor  in  the  law  school  or  medical  school  who  is 
giving  full  time  to  the  work  of  the  school  will  receive  from  $3,000  to 
$4,000.  The  deans  of  the  law  school  and  dental  school  have  salaries 
of  $5,000.  The  salaries  of  other  professors  in  these  schools  vary  ac- 
cording to  the  time  devoted  to  the  schools.  In  the  College  of  Liberal 
Arts  the  highest  salary  paid  to  any  professor  not  an  administrative  of- 
ficer is  $3,300.  This  salary  is  paid  to  three  men.  Then  there  is  a 
group  of  other  professors  who  receive  $3,000  a  year.  Some  others  re- 
ceive $2,700,  some  $2,500  and  one  as  low  as  $1,800.  An  associate 
professor's  salary  is  $2,200,  and  an  assistant  professor  receives  from 
$1,500  to  $2,000,  according  to  length  of  service.  An  instructor's  sal- 
ary varies  from  $1,000  to  $1,200.  Only  one  instructor  receives  $1,300.  ' 
Tutors  and  laboratory  assistants  receive  smaller  salaries  varying  with 
the  amount  of  time  given. 

Time  Employed  by  Professors  and  Instructors. — President  Holgate: 
The  number  of  hours  a  week  of  lectures  by  various  professors  differs 
somewhat  according  to  the  department  and  also  according  to  the  kind 
of  work  to  be  done.  A  college  professor's  duties  may  be  grouped  under 
three  heads;  first,  teaching;  second,  administrative;  and  third,  scien- 
tific investigation  or  literary  production.  A  man  who  does  no  work  of 
investigation  would  naturally  be  expected  to  give  a  greater  amount  of 
time  to  teaching  or  admiTiistration,  and  it  is  generally  recognized  that 
one  who  has  the  gift  of  investigation  should  be  left  largely  free  for 
that  work.  Ordinarily  a  professor  will  lecture  from  eight  to  twelve 
hours  a  week.  Those  who  supervise  laboratories  are  expected  to  give 
fewer  lectures  and  the  teachers  of  foreign  languages,  as  a  rule,  meet 
more  classes  a  week  than  do  the  men  who  lecture  on  history,  economics, 
or  literature.  A  young  instructor  will  teach  from  fifteen  to  eighteen 
hours  a  week,  much  of  this,  however,  being  duplicate  work. 


Purchase  of  Supplies  and  Materials. — President  Holgate:  All  pur- 
chases for  the  offices,  laboratory,  library,  etc.,  are  made  through  the 
business  manager's  office.  The  officer  of  instruction  needing  supplies 
will  make  out  a  requisition  and  send  it  to  the  dean's  office  where  it  is 
tabulated  and  note  taken  that  the  purchase  does  not  exceed  the  appro- 
priation for  that  purpose.  After  the  requisition  has  secured  the  signa- 
ture of  the  dean  it  is  forwarded  to  the  business  manager's  office,  and 
a  record  made  of  the  order.  After  the  business  manager  signs  the 
requisition  it  is  then  forwarded  to  the  merchant,  who  fills  the  order, 
delivering  the  goods  and  sending  the  bill  to  the  person  originating  the 
order.  The  bill  then  receives  the  O.  K.  of  the  professor  receiving  the 
goods  and  is  transmitted  to  the  dean's  office  for  record,  and  next  to  the 
business  manager's  office  for  payment.  Checks  are  drawn  monthly 
and  all  bills  and  checks  pass  under  the  eye  of  the  auditor  before  being 
recommended  to  the  executive  committee  for  payment.  The  action 
of  the  executive  committee  ordering  payment  is  purely  formal,  but 
serves  as  a  safeguard  for  the  business  manager. 

The  routine  here  outlined  may  seem  cumbersome,  as  it  did  to  us 
when  it  was  first  put  into  operation,  but  we  have  found  that  the  care 
taken  in  placing  orders  fully  repays  the  effort.  It  is  the  only  means 
by  which  the  business  manager  can  know  what  orders  for  supplies  are 
out,  and  what  bills  he  will  be  expected  to  meet  at  the  end  of  the 
month.  In  fact,  it  is  the  only  way  to  know  what  the  actual  indebted- 
ness of  the  University  is  at  any  given  time. 

Enrollment. — President  Holgate:  The  enrollment  for  the  year 
1904-05  in  the  different  colleges  was  as  follows: 

College  of  Liberal  Arts    879 

Graduate  students 61 

Undergraduate  students 818 

Medical    school    591 

Law  school 225 

School  of  Pharmacy 252 

Dental   school    454 

School   of  music    344 

Total    2,745 

Deduct  names  counted  twice 63 

Total  in  degree  conferring  departments.  ...  2,682 

Total  in  non-degree  conferring  departments  1,259 


Total   3,941 

Deduct  names  counted  elsewhere 257 

Total  in  all  departments  under  the  control 

of  our  board    3,684 

Affiliated  Theological  Schools    .  175 


Total    3,85t 

Deduct  names  counted  twice    16 

Net  total 3,843 

168 


Tuition  and  Other  Fees. — President  Holgate:  The  fees  for  students 
are  as  follows: 

College  of  Liberal  Arts,  per  year $   80 

Special  fee  for  children  of  minister 50 

Laboratory   fees   for   use   of  scientific   laboratories, 
from  $4  to  $15,  varying  with  the  laboratory.  . 

Medical  school   tuition  fee,   per  year 175 

Law  school  tuition  fee,  per  year 105 

School  of  pharmacy  tuition  fee,  per  year 135 

Dental  school  tuition  fee,  per  year 150 

School  of  music  tuition  fee,  depends  on  course  taken.  .  .  . 

Per  Capita  Cost. — President  Holgate:  I  regret  to  say  that  I  have 
not  the  data  at  hand  which  will  give  an  accurate  estimate  of  the  cost 
month  by  month  in  the  several  schools.  In  general,  it  may  be  said  that 
the  tuition  fees  in  the  medical,  pharmacy,  dental  and  music  schools 
express  the  cost  of  instruction,  since  these  schools  are  self-supporting, 
the  dental  school  alone  yielding  a  slight  net  Income  over  expenditures 
due  to  the  receipts  from  the  large  clinic.  In  the  college  of  liberal  arts 
the  average  cost  of  instruction  for  each  student  for  the  academic  year 
is  $156.50.  In  this  estimate  is  included  the  cost  of  maintenance  of 
buildings  and  grounds.  If  we  take  simply  the  cost  of  instruction,  omit- 
ting all  appropriations  for  apparatus,  maintenance  of  the  library,  ad- 
ministration, and  miscellaneous  items,  the  cost  is  almost  exactly  $103. 
a  year  for  each  student.  In  the  law  school  the  actual  cost  of  instruc- 
tion for  each  student  is  $159.50. 

Sources  and  Amount  of  Income. — President  Holgate:  The  annual 
budget  of  this  University  for  the  year  1905-06  anticipates  an  income 
for  the  year  of  $559,782.  Of  this  amount  $204,923  comes  from  in- 
terest on  invested  funds  and  rental  on  improved  property,  mostly  in 
Evanston  and  Chicago.  Against  this  item  there  is,  however,  a  counter- 
charge of  $100,997,  for  interest  on  indebtedness  mostly  secured  by 
mortgages  on  improved  property,  for  the  care  of  property,  assessments, 
legal  expenses,  etc. 

The  tuition  receipts  in  all  departments  amount  to  about  $328,000, 
of  which  $62,000  is  received  from  students  in  the  College  of  Liberal 
Arts.  There  is  also  an  anticipated  income  of  $27,500  for  board  and 
rooms  in  the  women's  dormitory  and  is  off-set  by  an  equivalent  item 
for  expenditures  there.  The  receipts  of  tuition  from  the  medical,  law, 
pharmacy,  dental,  and  music  schools  are  slightly  in  excess  of  the  cost 
of  operating  these  schools — the  law  school  being  the  only  one  which 
experiences  an  annual  deficit. 

The  anticipated  expenditures  for  the  year  are  as  follows: 

General  administration,  including  the  president's  office,  business 
manager's  office,  annuities  to  retired  professors,  general  advertising, 
commencement,  and  such  other  items  as  are  not  charged  to  a  particular 
department,  $30,110;  College  of  Liberal  Arts,  $133,981;  Medical 
School,  $77,660;  Law  School,  $33,315;  School  of  Pharmacy,  $28,595; 
Dental  School,  $69,280;  School  of  Music,  $34,637;  Academy,  $23,558. 

Small  vs.  Large  Boards. — President  Holgate:     Whether  a  board  of 

169 


trustees  should  be  large  or  small  depends  entirely  upon  how  it  13 
chosen  and  what  its  functions  are.  If  a  board  is  to  be  purely  legisla- 
tive, then,  in  my  judgment,  it  should  be  large  enough  to  be  thoroughly 
representative.  If  the  board  is  to  manage  a  state  institution,  it  is 
perhaps  necessary  that  it  should  represent  all  sections  of  the  state  geo- 
graphically, but  in  addition  to  this,  it  should  represent  the  varieties 
of  interest  involved.  Except  as  it  may  be  necessary  to  meet  the  need 
for  geographical  distribution,  a  board  of  from  15  to  21  members  should 
be  large  enough  for  all  practical  purposes. 

Educational  Policies — How  Determined. — President  Holgate:  The 
educational  policies  of  the  University  are  mainly  in  the  hands  of  the 
president,  while  the  carrying  out  ef  these  policies  and  the  adjustment 
of  all  details  are  left  to  the  deans  and  faculties  of  the  several  depart- 
ments. An  educational  policy  is  seldom  adopted  by  the  president  until 
after  consultation  with  the  faculty  concerned,  or  with  the  deans  of  tke 
departments.  Before  any  act,  either  of  the  faculty  or  the  president 
of  the  University,  which  shapes  the  future  activities  of  the  University, 
can  become  effective,  it  must  be  approved  by  the  executive  committee 
or  the  board  of  trustees;  that  is  to  say,  educational  policies  originate 
with  the  president  or  the  faculty.  They  become  effective  only  after 
approval  by  the  board. 

Financial  Policies — How  Planned  and  Carried  Out. — President  Hol- 
gate: The  large  business  interests  of  this  University  because  of  its 
extensive  real  estate  holdings,  make  the  appointment  of  a  business 
manager  a  necessity.  This  officer  is  under  salary  and  devotes  a  large 
share  of  his  time  to  the  work  of  the  University.  The  only  business 
managers  so  far  chosen  have  been  members  of  the  board  of  trustees, 
and  naturally  he  is  one  of  the  most  active  of  the  board.  With  him  is 
associated  various  committees  of  the  board;  for  instance,  all  invest- 
ments are  passed  upon  by  the  finance  committee,  and  the  annual 
budget  which  is  prepared  from  the  educational  side  by  the  president 
of  the  University  in  conjunction  with  the  deans  of  the  several  depart- 
ments, and  from  the  commercial  side  by  the  business  manager  is  re- 
ferred to  the  finance  committee  for  detailed  examination  before  being 
approved.  Real  estate  transactions  are  referred  to  the  so-called  land 
committee.  It  may  be  said  that  the  business  manager  does  the  financial 
planning  for  the  University,  and  when  authorized  by  the  board,  ex- 
ecutes all  financial  transactions. 

The  Iowa  Situation. — President  Holgate:  Since  the  visit  of  your 
committee  last  May,  I  have  made  as  careful  a  study  of  the  educational 
situation  in  Iowa  as  could  be  made  from  the  printed  circulars  of  the 
several  schools,  and  as  the  time  at  my  disposal  would  allow.  This, 
together  with  my  previous  general  knowledge  of  the  situation,  gives 
me,  I  think,  some  moderate  conception  of  the  difficulties  which  con- 
front your  committee. 

You  have,  as  I  understand,  a  State  University  at  Iowa  City,  with  its 
College  of  Liberal  Arts  and  Graduate  School  as  a  core,  and  the  profes- 
sional schools  growing  up  about  it;  the  College  of  Agriculture  and  the 
Mechanic  Arts  at  Ames,  with  its  magnificent  equipment  and  rapid  de- 

170 


velopment  along  practical  lines;  and  one  or  more  State  Normal 
Schools,  all  of  these  under  separate  boards  appointed  by  or  representa- 
tive of  the  state.  Between  the  State  University  and  the  College  of 
Agriculture  there  is  a  considerable  amount  of  duplication  of  work,  with 
a  tendency  to  increase  this  amount,  and  some  rivalry  for  claim  upon 
the  attention  of  the  state  legislature.  The  trustee  board,  or  board  of 
regents,  of  these  two  schools  are  naturally  interested  in  the  develop- 
ment of  their  own  school  and  each  board  presses  its  claims  independ- 
ent of  the  needs  of  the  other.  Some  feeling  of  rivalry  may  exist  be- 
tween the  Normal  Schools  and  the  others,  particularly  as  the  others 
are  developing  departments  of  pedagogy,  but  this  is  perhaps  not  so  keen. 
I  will  first  express  an  opinion  as  to  what  seems  to  be  the  proper  line 
of  division  between  the  schools,  and  then  make  some  suggestions  as 
to  how  this  may  be  brought  about. 

In  the  first  place,  it  would  seem  natural  that  at  Ames  should  be 
concentrated  all  of  the  work  of  a  technical  and  mechanical  sort  under- 
taken by  the  state.  By  technical  I  mean  technoligical,  rather  than 
professional  in  the  ordinarily  accepted  sense;  that  is  to  say,  it  seems 
to  me  that  all  of  the  work  of  engineering,  whether  mechanical  or  civil, 
or  mining,  should  be  concentrated  there.  All  of  the  work  in  agriculture 
and  allied  subjects,  including  veterinary  surgery,  would  naturally  go 
there.  And  to  my  mind  also  the  work  in  domestic  science  should  be 
concentrated  at  Ames.  I  doubt  if  this  school  should  offer  a  course 
in  general  science  for  pure  culture  apart  from  its  purpose  as  technical 
training.  On  the  other  hand,  at  the  State  University  should  be  found 
the  College  of  Liberal  Arts  and  the  Graduate  School,  with  their  scien- 
tific departments  elaborated  and  extended  for  the  study  of  pure  science 
apart  from  its  professional  applications.  The  study  of  pure  science 
will,  of  course,  lead  to  many  applications,  but  in  the  College  of  Lib- 
eral Arts  the  applications  should  be  the  incident,  rather  than  the  pur- 
pose of  the  study.  Advanced  investigations  may  be  carried  on  which 
will  find  their  application  in  the  technical  schools  at  Ames.  To  be 
specific,  it  would  seem  to  me  that  the  school  at  Ames  should  surrender 
its  courses  which  do  not  lead  to  some  technical  degree,  and  on  the 
other  hand,  the  school  at  Iowa  City  should  yield  its  department  or 
school  of  applied  science. 

In  the  working  out  of  this  scheme  there  will  of  course  be  some  dup- 
lication. To  give  a  complete  and  rounded  course  at  Ames  it  will  be 
necessary  to  carry  on  a  considerable  amount  of  work  in  mathematics, 
English,  history,  economics,  and  the  modern  foreign  languages.  But 
these  departments  of  study  should  be  treated  as  the  basal  subjects  for 
a  technical  education.  In  other  words,  I  doubt  if  the  work  in  these 
departments  should  extend  much  beyond  what  every  student  in  the 
college  is  expected  to  pursue,  French  and  German  should  be  taught 
to  an  extent  sufficient  to  give  students  a  good  reading  knowledge  of 
those  languages,  with  perhaps  slight  opportunity  for  specializing.  His- 
tory and  economics  belong  in  such  a  school,  but,  in  my  judgment,  not 
elaborate  courses.  Mathematics  must  be  taught,  especially  those 
branches  of  mathematics  which  apply  directly  to  the  work  of  engineer- 
ill 


ing.  In  the  University  at  Iowa  City  the  subjects  here  mentioned  will, 
of  course,  have  to  be  duplicated  but  work  in  those  departments  should 
be  greatly  extended  beyond  what  is  offered  at  Ames. 

It  seems  to  have  been  the  plan  to  concentrate  the  professional 
schools  of  law,  medicine,  dentistry,  pharmacy,  and  commerce  at  Iowa 
City.  Between  these  and  the  school  at  Ames  there  should  be  no  con- 
flict. 

Between  the  University  at  Iowa  City  and  the  College  at  Ames,  and 
the  Normal  Schools  there  could,  it  seems  to  me,  be  no  conflict  except 
in  the  work  in  pedagogy.  But  since  the  Normal  Schools  are  confined 
almost  wholly  to  the  training  of  grade  teachers,  any  work  in  pedagogy 
that  might  be  taken  up  by  the  State  University  would  naturally  be  of 
a  different  character. 

Now  as  to  how  these  things  may  be  brought  about.  The  Normal 
Schools  have  a  field  which  is  so  entirely  distinct  from  either  of  the 
other  schools  that  I  think  they  may  well  be  left  to  work  out  their 
own  problems  with  perhaps  an  independent  board  of  trustees.  But 
for  the  other  two  schools,  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  better  results 
would  be  secured  by  having  a  single  board  of  trustees  for  the  two 
schools. 

This  board  would  of  course  have  to  be  representative  of  the  state, 
and  perhaps  would  need  to  contain  as  many  as  twenty-two  members  if 
it  is  to  represent  eleven  districts  of  the  state.  Then  certain  ex-officio 
members  of  the  board  would  probably  bring  the  number  up  to  twenty- 
five.  It  would  seem  to  me  that  a  smaller  board,  not  exceeding  fifteen 
in  number,  would  be  better.  This  board  might  be  subdivided  so  that 
one  part  would  give  special  attention  to  the  school  at  Iowa  City,  and 
the  other  to  the  school  at  Ames,  but  if  so,  the  two  parts  should  have 
several  members  in  common,  and  the  findings  of  neither  part  should 
be  final  until  passed  upon  by  the  whole  board. 

The  administration  of  the  two  schools  would  have  to  be,  I  think, 
considering  their  distance  apart,  practically  independent,  each  school 
having  its  own  president  and  faculty.  When  new  departments  of  study 
are  to  be  added  in  either  school,  or  any  department  of  study  enlarged, 
the  approval  of  the  board  should  be  secured  and  all  appointments 
should  be  made  by  the  full  board.  For  instance,  if  a  department  of 
domestic  science  is  to  be  established,  it  should  rest  with  the  board  to 
determine,  after  considering  the  whole  situation,  whether  this  school 
should  be  located  at  Iowa  City  or  at  Ames.  Or,  if  the  work  in  elec- 
trical engineering  is  to  be  enlarged  so  as  to  provide  better  facilities  Tor 
instruction  in  this  branch,  the  board  should  determine  whether  this 
enlargement  should  go  at  the  one  place  or  the  other.  In  short,  it 
seems  to  me  that  the  solution  of  the  difficulty  is  most  likely  to  come 
through  a  single  board  of  trustees,  with  the  appointment  of  such 
small  executive  committees  as  are  necessary  for  flexibility,  and  with 
separate  administrative  heads  for  the  two  institutions.  Care  will  need 
to  be  exercised  in  any  legislation  establishing  such  a  board  to  secure 
permanency.  A  rapid  fluctuating  board  managing  the  two  schools 
would  be  much  more  hazardous  than  such  a  board  having  only  one 

178 


school  in  charge.  After  such  a  board  has  once  passed  upon  the  general 
policy  to  be  carried  out  during  any  given  year,  the  administrative  of- 
ficers of  the  separate  colleges,  in  consultation  with  the  president  of  the 
board,  or  such  small  executive  committee  as  may  be  appointed,  might 
carry  out  the  work  during  the  year  with  little  difficulty. 

UNIVERSITY  OP  WISCONSIN. 

Government — Board  of  Regents. — The  government  of  the  University 
shall  vest  in  a  board  of  regents,  to  consist  of  one  member  from  each 
congressional  district  and  two  from  the  state  at  large,  at  least  one  of 
whom  shall  be  a  woman,  to  be  appointed  by  the  governor;  the  state 
superintendent  and  the  president  of  the  University  shall  be  ex-officio 
members  of  said  board;  said  president  shall  be  a  member  of  all  stand- 
ing committees  of  the  board,  but  shall  have  the  right  to  vote  only  in 
case  of  a  tie*. 

Wisconsin  Statutes,  Sec.  378   (as  amended  by  chapter  255,  Laws 
of  1901.) 

Same — Powers. — 1.  The  Board  of  regents  shall  possess  all  the 
powers  necessary  or  convenient  to  accomplish  the  objects  and  perform 
the  duties  prescribed  by  law. 

2.  Shall  have  the  custody  of  the  books,   records,  buildings,   and 
other  property  of  the  University. 

3.  Shall  enact  laws  for  the  government  of  the  University  in  all 
its  branches. 

4.  Shall  elect  president,  professors,  instructors,  officers  and  other 
employees  and  fix  salaries. 

5.  Have  other  general  powers. 
Wisconsin  Statutes,  Sections  379,  381. 

Colleges  and  Departments.— ^The  statute  provides  that  the  Uni- 
versity shall  consist  of  the  following  colleges  or  departments,  to-wit: 

1.  The  College  of  Letters  and  Science. 

2.  The  College  of  Mechanics   and   Engineering. 

3.  The  College  of  Agriculture. 

4.  The  College  of  Law. 

5.  Such  other  colleges,  schools  or  departments  as  may  from  time 
to  time  be  added  thereto. 

Wisconsin  Statutes,  Sec.  3S5. 

Courses  of  Study  and  Schools. — In  addition  to  the  colleges  name* 
in  the  statute,  the  University  as  now  organized  consists  of  the  follow- 
ing courses  and  schools: 

1.  The  Course  in  Commerce. 

2.  The  Course  in  Pharmacy. 

3.  The  Course  in  Home  Economics. 

4.  The  Graduate  School. 

5.  The  School  of  Music. 

Large  vs.  Small  Boards. — A  board  of  regents  should  be  sufficiently 
large  to  be  essentially  a  legislative  body  when  acting  as  a  unit,  leaving 
detailed  investigations  and  recommendations  to  committees  of  the 
board  which  are  to  report  to  the  full  board.  (President  Van  Hise.) 

173 


Boards — Compensation. — President  Van  Hise:  In  Wisconsin,  & 
governing  board  not  paid  has  secured  men  of  the  highest  ability,  the 
strongest  men  in  the  state  in  their  respective  lines.  A  non-salaried 
position  on  the  board  is  regarded  as  an  honor.  If  members  of  the 
board  were  paid,  such  men  as  Colonel  Vilas,  ex-postmaster  general, 
United  State  senator,  and  secretary  of  the  interior,  would  not  consider 
a  position  on  the  board. 

President  a  Member  of  the  Board. — President  Van  Hise:  The 
president  should  be  a  member  of  the  governing  board,  but  his  influence 
should  be  mainly  by  advice  and  opinion  rather  than  by  voting.  Our 
law  here  is  that  the  president  of  the  University  is  a  member  of  both 
the  board  and  all  its  standing  committees,  but  has  a  vote  only  In  case 
of  a  tie.  The  law  has  worked  admirably. 

Small  Boards. — President  Van  Hise:  A  University  controlled  by  a 
board  of  regents  consisting  of  representatives  from  all*  parts  of  the 
state  is  more  virtually  connected  with  the  people  than  it  would  be  if 
controlled  by  a  board  of  three  members.  Moreover  I  frankly  confess 
it  would  be  my  fear,  if  there  were  a  paid  board  of  three  members,  this 
board  would  be  likely  to  desire  to  exercise  to  a  greater  or  less  extent 
the  duties  which  ought  to  be  performed  by  the  president. 

Paid  vs.  Non-Paid  Board. — President  Van  Hise:  A  paid  board 
would  necessarily  consist  of  few  members,  and  such  a  board  could  not 
represent  the  different  districts.  A  non-paid  board,  however,  may  be 
large  enough  to  represent  each  of  the  congressional  districts,  and  this 
I  think  is  advantageous. 

Superintendent  of  Buildings — ^Architect. — President  Van  Hise:  We 
have  an  architect  and  superintendent  of  buildings  and  grounds,  and  a 
foreman  of  the  grounds.  Former  draws  plans  and  specifications  for 
buildings  and  supervises  their  construction,  lays  out  general  plans  for 
improvement  of  grounds,  which  are  executed  under  direction  of  fore- 
man. 

Educational  Policies. — President  Van  Hise:  At  Wisconsin  educa- 
tional policies  initiated  by  faculty,  but  where  important  departures  are 
made  must  be  approved  by  the  regents. 

Financial  Policies. — President  Van  Hise:  Financial  policies  largely 
initiated  by  president,  presented  by  him  to  budget  committee,  which 
committee  reports  to  the  regents  who  approve  same. 

Duplication  of  Work — University  and  Agricultural  College. — Presi- 
dent Van  Hise:  The  Situation  at  Iowa  involves  difficulties  of  a  dual 
system  for  higher  education  which  we  do  not  have  at  Wisconsin,  so 
what  I  may  say  upon  this  point  is  a  matter  of  opinion  rather  than  of 
experience.  It  seems  to  me  that  the  presidents  of  the  two  institutions 
should  co-operate  upon  the  basis  of  what  is  best  for  the  educational 
interests  of  the  state.  Also  in  this  connection  it  seems  to  me  advan-  - 
tageous  if  the  regents  of  the  two  institutions  would  meet  together  with 
the  presidents  and  discuss  co-operation  from  this  point  of  view.  If 
voluntary  co-operation  does  not  succeed  in  solving  the  difficulties,  and 
consolidation  is  necessary  it  is  my  opinion  that  the  consolidated  insti- 
tution should  be  under  the  control  of  a  large  non-paid  board  rather 

174 


than  a  small  paid  board  of  control.  Such  a  board  could  first  be  made 
by  consolidating  the  two  boards  or  regents  and  provision  could  be  made 
for  gradual  change  to  a  single  board  of  proper  size. 

Needs — How  Presented  to  the  Legislature. — President  Van  Hise: 
At  Wisconsin  statement  of  needs  of  University  prepared  by  the  presi- 
dent, presented  to  the  regents,  approved  by  them  and  a  legislative  com- 
mittee of  the  board,  including  the  president,  appointed  to  present  the 
case  to  the  legislature. 

Purchases. — President  Van  Hise:  Funds  alloted  by  budget  to  var- 
ious colleges  and  departments.  After  allotment  made  supplies  obtained 
by  requisition,  which  requisition  must  be  approved  in  turn  by  the  head 
of  the  department,  the  dean  of  the  college  and  the  president,  and  by 
the  executive  committee.  This  seems  complex,  but  is  comparatively 
simple.  All  purchases  made  through  the  regent's  office,  the  purchasing 
agent  being  the  paid  secretary  of  the  board. 

Control  of  Educational  Institutions. — President  Van  Hise:  Control 
of  educational  institutions  by  a  non-paid  board  has  been  satisfactory 
in  a  large  number  of  the  states  and  therefore  I  think  it  would  be  wise 
to  pursue  a  conservative  policy.  My  own  remedy  would  be  along  the 
lines  of  reform  or  consolidation  of  the  boards  rather  than  so  radical  a 
change  as  abolishing  the  regents  and  substituting  a  small  paid  board. 

Receipts  and  Disbursements. — The  receipts  of  the  University  of 
Wisconsin  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1904,  were  in  the  amount 

of $711,665.83 

Disbursements  for  the  same  year 711,053 . 36 

Salaries. — From  a  tabulated   statement  of  disbursements  made  by 
the  regents  of  the  University  of  Wisconsin  for  the  year  ending  June  30, 
1904,  we  take  the  following: 
Salaries — Agricultural  College  and  Experiment  Station-.  .  .  .$33,691.16 

Salaries — College  of  Letters   and   Science    184,790.93 

Salaries — College  of  Engineering    47,241.  74 

Salaries — College  of  Law    13,241 .  55 

Salaries — School  of  Pharmacy 4,600  .  00 

Salaries — Washburn   Observatory    4,540  .  00 

Salaries — General  Library 6,713  .  37 

Salaries — Agricultural   Institute   Fund    2,200.00 

Salaries — Summer  Session    9,175  .  00 

Salaries — Administration 9,750  .  00 

Total $315,943  .  75 

Janitors  and  Labor — 

Agricultural  College  and  Experiment  Station    $21,358.22 

College   Letters   and   Science    6,695  .  33 

College  of  Engineering 2,623  .03 

College  of  Law    .281 .  25 

School  of  Pharmacy    306.25 

Washburn  Observatory 540.00 

General  Library 480.00 

Agricultural  Institute  Fund 59.04 

Summer  Session 169.70- 

Total $32,512.82 

175 


Salaries — College  of  Agriculture — » 

Dean $   4,000.00 

Seven  Professors— $1,000  to   $3,000— average   2,200.00 

Salaries — College  of  Letters  and  Science — 

Dean ?   4,500.00 

Fifty-five  Professors — $1,400   to   $3,000 — average 2,044.00 

Salaries — College  of  Engineering — 

Dean : $   3,250.00 

Fifteen  Professors — $1,400  to  $2,500 — average    1,900.00 

Salaries — College  of  Law — 

Dean $3,500.00 

Two   Professors — each    1,012 . 75 

Two   Professors — each    1,012 .  75 

Salaries — School  of  Pharmacy — 

Edward  Kremris $   2,300.00 

Four  Instructors — $400  to  $800    

Salaries — Administration — 

President  C.  R.  Van  Hise $   6,500 .  00 

Secretary  of  Regents 2,750.00 

Expenditures — Wisconsin,   1904 — 

The  total  expenditures  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1904,  is  shown 
in  the  following  statement,  taken  from  the  regents  report  to  the  gov- 
ernor: 

Salaries $315,943  .  75 

Apparatus 28,241.38 

Furniture 4,246  . 17 

Heat,  light  and  water    58,164 .45 

Library 18,439.30 

Repairs,  insurance  and  building   52,792  .  52 

Postage,  printing,  advertising,  freight  and  express 16,662.32 

Salaries  and  expenses,  institute  workers 7,583  . 71 

Expenses  of  regents  and  visitors 1,034 . 15 

President's  contingent  and  clerk  and  office  expenses....      15,186.88 

Live  stock,  seeds,  tools,  feed,  farm  expences,  etc .      60,766.75 

Janitors  and  labor 32,512 .  82 

Armory,  traveling  and  incidental  expenses    6, 265. 54 

Cranberry  investigation 2,500 .  00 

Tobacco  Investigation 1,403  . 11 

Miscellaneous 149,310.51 

Total  expenditures    $771,053  .  36 

178 


Attendance — Number  of  Students  During  Year  1903-4 — 

College  of  Letters  and  Science  1,312 

College  of  Mechanics  and  Engineering  744 

College  of  Agriculture  525 

College  of  Law  201 

Course  in  Pharmacy 36 

School  of  Music 172 

Summer  Session 330 

Summer  School  for  Artisans  and  Apprentices 70 

Less  twice  enumerated  239 

The  summer  session  of  1904  has  a  registration  of  395  and  the 
library  school  of  the  same  summer  was  attended  by  59  persons. 

Tuition  Fees. — See  statement  of  President  MacLean  under  head- 
ing: University  of  Iowa. 

UNIVERSITY  OP  NEBRASKA. 

Government. — In  Nebraska  the  government  of  the  University  Is 
vested  in  a  board  of  six  regents,  elected  by  the  electors  of  tne  state  at 
large. 

Powers — Compensation. — The  board  of  regents  have  general 
powers  and  act  without  compensation. 

Organization  and  Government. — "The  University  of  Nebraska  is  a 
part  of  the  public  school  system  of  the  state,  embracing  all  the  grades 
of  the  system  above  the  twelfth.  *  *  *  The  University  has  no  pre- 
paratory department.  It  maintains,  however,  secondary  schools  in 
agriculture,  mechanic  arts,  and  domestic  science." — University  Bulletin. 

Colleges  and  Schools. — The  University  comprises  the  following  col- 
leges and  schools: 

1.  The  College  of  Literature  and  the  Arts. 

2.  The  College  of  Law. 

3.  The  College  of  Medicine. 

4.  The  Industrial  College. 

5.  The  Graduate  School. 

6.  The  School  of  Agriculture. 

7.  The  School  of  Mechanic  Arts. 

8.  The  School  of  Domestic  Science. 

9.  The  School  of  Fine  Arts. 

10.  The  Affiliated  School  of  Music. 

11.  The  Summer  Session. 

"The  Industrial  College  comprises  the  general  and  special  groups 
of  studies  in  science,  agriculture,  forestry  and  engineering,  leading  to 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science.  The  course  for  this  degree  requires, 
as  a  rule,  four  years  of  residence  work. 

With  the  Industrial  College  are  also  three  secondary  schools  as 
follows: 

The  School  of  Agriculture  is  a  secondary  school,  training  students 
for  an  intelligent  farm  life.  There  are  two  terms  each  year  for  three 

177 

13 


years.  For  those  who  cannot  spend  a  larger  time  at  the  University, 
there  is  a  short  course  of  nine  weeks. 

The  School  of  Domestic  Science  is  a  secondary  school,  teaching 
women  the  principles  of  household  economics. 

The  School  of  Mechanic  Arts  is  a  secondary  school,  with  a  two 
years  course,  teaching  the  principles  of  practical  mechanics." — Uni- 
versity Bulletin,  Series  10,  No.  7. 

Accredited  Schools.— -The  inspection  of  high  schools  is  performed 
by  an  inspector  of  accredited  schools  appointed  by  the  board  of  regents. 
The  report  of  the  inspector,  together  with  the  official  reports  of  the 
schools  forms  the  data  on  which  the  University  bases  its  action. — Uni- 
versity Bulletin. 

Attendance — 

The  Graduate    School    107 

The  College  of  Literature,  Science  and  Arts 948 

The  Industrial  College 754 

The  College   of   Law    183 

The  College   of   Medicine    150 

The  School  of  Fine  Arts 92 

The  University  School  of  Music    360 

The  Summer  Session    .  191 


Grand  total    .  .  . 
Deduct  for  repeated  names 


Total  registration    2,513 

The  foregoing  figures  were  taken  from  the  report  of  the  registrar 
to  the  chancellor  and  board  of  regents,  found  in  the  University  Bulle- 
tin. 

Salaried  Board  of  Control. — Ques.  What  are  your  objections,  if 
any,  to  a  salaried  board  of  control,  consisting  of  three  or  five  members? 

Answer  by  President  E.  Benjamin  Andrews:  The  number  five  is 
large  enough,  and  if  they  are  faithful,  they  will  earn  good  salaries, 
but  I  should  fear  that  salaries  would  invite  placemen,  not  in  sympathy 
with  education,  outsiders  holding  the  power  of  the  purse,  but  unable 
or  unwilling,  or  both,  to  get  really  at  the  nature  of  the  work  they  are 
the  expected  to  supervise. 

Salaried  Boards. — I  should  prefer  men  willing  to  do  the  work  with- 
out salary.  Such  are  more  certain  to  have  sympathy  with  it.  (Presi- 
dent Andrews.) 

Sources  and  Amount  of  Income. — About  half  a  million  a  year, 
mainly  from  legislation,  appropriations,  partly  from  endowment  and 
sale  of  lands.  (President  Andrews.) 

Salaries  Paid  Professors  and  other  Employees. — Chancellor,  $5,000; 
professors  (average),  $2,000;  deans,  $2,500;  associate  professors, 
$1,700,  assistants,  $1,500;  adjunct,  $1,200;  instructors,  $1,000;  jani- 
tors, $500.  (President  Andrews.) 

178 


Duplication. — The  Normal  School  can  easily  be  kept  off  the  ground 
of  the  other  two  institutions.  The  University  and  College  as  long  as 
they  are  separate,  must  duplicate  to  a  considerable  extent.  Both  must 
teach  history,  English,  biology  and  engineering.  The  legislature  might 
decide  which  institution  should  lead  in  each  of  the  branches  named, 
i.  e.,  it  might  enact  that  in  a  given  branch,  as  history,  the  one  institu- 
tion or  the  other  should  limit  its  teaching  to  elements,  while  the  other 
should  be  permitted  to  take  up  advanced  work  and  research. 

In  making  and  preserving  such  adjustments,  a  single  board  of  gov- 
ernment might,  theoretically,  work  to  great  advantage,  but  I  should 
fear  that  in  practice  it  would  not  improve  things  much  over  the  old 
plan.  *  *  *  In  a  great  state  like  Iowa,  with  separate  institutions, 
you  must  duplicate  much  of  the  work.  (President  Andrews.) 

Hours  of  Work  Required  From  Professors  and  Instructors. — 
Twelve  hours  a  week  is  regarded  as  good  service,  though  most  of  our 
professors  and  all  of  our  instructors  do  more.  Most  of  our  teaching 
people  work  too  many  hours. 

UNIVERSITY  OP  MICHIGAN. 

Government. — The  governing  body  of  the  University  of  Michigan  is 
a  board  of  regents,  eight  in  number,  elected  by  popular  vote  for  a  term 
of  eight  years. 

Organization  of  the  University. — The  University  comprises  the  fol- 
lowing departments: 

1.  The  Department  of  Literature,  Science,  and  the  Arts    (includ- 
ing the  Graduate  School.) 

2.  The  Department  of  Engineering. 

3.  The  Department  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

4.  The  Department  of  Law. 

5.  The  School  of  Pharmacy. 

6.  The  Homeopathic  Medical  College. 

7.  The  College  of  Dental  Surgery. 

Attendance — (School  Year  1903-1904 — 

Department  of  Literature,    Science    and   the   Arts 1,422 

Department  of  Engineering    823 

Department  of  Medicine  and  Surgery   .  . 418 

Department  of  Law 865 

School  of  Pharmacy .'.         65 

Homeopathic  Medical  College   69 

College  of  Dental   Surgery    94 

3,756 
Deduct  for  names  counted  more  than  once .  97 

Total,  exclusive  of  Summer  Session 3,659 

Summer  Session 298 

Grand  total .  3,957 

Hi 


Tuition  Fees. — See  statement  of  President  MacLean  under  head- 
ing State  University. 

Receipts    and   Disbursements. — The    receipts   for    the    school    year 

1903-1904  were  in  the  amount  of $787,302.67 

Disbursements,   same   year    765,297.61 

Salaries  of  Professors. — See  statement  of  Regent  Babb,  under  head- 
ing State  University. 

President  James  B.  Angel,  in  a  letter  to  the  committee,  says: 
"I  regret  to  say  that  I  cannot  undertake  to  answer  your  questions, 
because  our  organization  in  this  state  is  so  different  from  that  in  Iowa 
or  in  any  other  place  that  we  have  no  experience  which  will  throw 
light  on  your  problem. 

By  our  state  constitution  the  board  of  regents  is  really  a  co-ordinate 
branch  of  the  state  government,  having  absolute  control  (independ- 
ently of  the  legislature  or  executive)  of  its  own  finances  and  internal 
administration,  except  in  so  far  as  it  receives  legislative  appropriations. 

The  Agricultural  College  and  Normal  School  boards  have  not  the 
same  authority.  Naturally  enough  the  consolidation  of  our  boards 
has  never  been  a  vital  question  here.  Therefore,  I  do  not  feel  that  I 
am  prepared  to  express  opinions  on  the  points  you  raise,  and  shall  have 
to  ask  you  to  excuse  me  from  so  doing." 

INDIANA   UNIVERSITY. 

President  Win.  L.  Bryan  of  Indiana  University  to  the  Committee. — 

I  believe  that  the  experience  of  American  educational  institutions  jus- 
tifies the  judgment  that  each  institution  should  have  its  own  board  of 
trustees. 

It  is  without  doubt  important  that  the  various  state  educational 
institutions  should  arrive  at  a  harmonious  plan  of  action  so  as  to  avoid 
unwise  duplication  of  work.  I  believe,  however,  that  it  would  be  pos- 
sible and  that  it  would  be  best  to  arrange  such  a  plan  by  a  conference 
between  the  trustees  of  the  several  institutions. 

A  large  board  of  control  may  be,  of  coure,  more  widely  and  fairly 
representative.  On  the  other  hand,  it  is  likely  to  be  less  effective.  I 
should  prefer  a  number  not  less  than  five  nor  greater  than  ten. 

The  best  men  in  Indiana  count  it  an  honor  to  serve  the  state  as 
members  of  the  boards  of  educational  institutions.  It  would  be  quite 
impossible  to  secure  better  men  or  better  service,  if  salaries  were  paid, 
for  the  reason  that  we  already  have  the  best  service  of  the  best  men 
in  the  state. 

Five  members  of  our  board  are  elected  by  the  state  board  of  edu- 
cation and  three  members  by  the  Alumni  of  the  University.  We  are 
very  well  pleased  with  this  plan. 

It  does  not  seem  to  me  important  that  the  president  of  the  Uni- 
versity should  be  a  member  of  the  board,  or  that  he  should  have  a  vote. 
If  the  measures  which  he  proposes  can  command  only  a  technical 
majority  of  the  board,  they  should  in  most  cases  be  postponed  or  dis- 
missed. Successful  administration  in  a  University  requires  substantial 
unanimity.  One  vote  more  or  less  is  unimportant. 

180 


If  the  board  and  the  president  are  working  together  in  a  harmon- 
ious administration,  the  president  will  naturally  be  a  consulting  mem- 
ber of  all  committees.  It  is  not,  however,  important  in  my  opinion 
that  he  should  have  a  vote  upon  any  committee.  The  president  must 
have  weight  not  by  his  vote  but  by  his  ideas,  by  his  knowledge,  by  his 
judgment,  by  his  disinterestedness,  by  his  character.  If  he  is  reduced 
to  sustaining  himself  by  his  vote,  the  time  is  at  hand  for  his  resigna- 
tion. 

Receipt  from  the  State — 

Educational  tax $123,470  .98 

Interest  on  endowment 27, 4 45. 78 

Interest  on  University  bonds    7,200  .  00 


Total    $158,116.76 

Receipts  from  other  sources — 

Interest  on  college  loans    $  2,587  .  92 

Interest  from  city  school  trustees 180.00 

Fees  collected 10,748  .  44 

Sundry  items 238.86 


Total    $   13,755  .  22 

Net  Income $171,871 .  98 

Indiana  University  has  a  superintendent  of  buildings  and  a  keeper 
of  grounds.  The  former  is  at  the  head  of  the  janitor  and  plumbing 
force.  He  recommends  the  appointment  and  discharge  of  his  helpers 
and  oversees  their  work.  He  sees  that  all  buildings  are  kept  in  re- 
pair, including  plumbing,  both  water  and  heat.  He  is  paid  $720  per 
year. 

The  keeper  of  the  grounds  has  charge  of  all  work  on  the  campus, 
outside  the  buildings.  He  is  paid  $600  per  year. 

The  proposal  of  educational  policies  comes  naturally  for  the  most 
part  from  the  president.  Often,  also,  from  members  of  the  faculty 
or  from  members  of  the  board  of  trustees.  The  determination  of  edu- 
cational policies  rests  with  the  faculty  and  the  trustees  jointly.  The 
point  as  to  the  exact  division  of  authority  in  this  matter  is  not  pressed. 
We  try  to  work  together  and  prize  a  harmonious  spirit  more  than  the 
immediate  success  of  this  or  that  project. 

The  president  prepares  an  annual  budget  for  the  consideration  of 
the  board.  The  board  of  trustees  exercises  final  authority  upon  every 
point  in  the  budget. 

At  present  I  am  only  prepared  to  suggest  that  a  conference  might 
be  arranged  between  representatives  of  the  several  institutions  to  de- 
termine upon  the  field  of  each. 

A  committee  of  three  members  of  the  legislature  appointed  by  the 
governor  visits  the  University  a  short  time  before  the  opening  of  the 
legislature.  The  University  submits  to  that  committee  an  elaborate 
typewritten  report.  The  legislative  committee,  in  turn,  makes  recom- 
mendations to  the  legislature.  The  present  law  has  been  in  force  for 
six  years.  Within  that  time  the  legislature  has  always  adopted  the 
recommendations  of  the  committee. 

18! 


All  supplies  are  purchased  through  the  purchasing  agent.  De- 
partmental supplies  are  purchased  upon  the  written  requisition  of  heads 
of  departments.  In  case  of  minor  purchases  the  lowest  market  price 
is  determined  by  correspondence.  Large  contracts,  of  all  sorts  are 
submitted  to  competitive  bidders. 

I  should  fear  that  if  the  position  of  trustees  commanded  a  large 
salary,  it  would  be  in  peril  of  falling  into  politics.  As  it  is,  our  board 
has  been  for  fifty  years  free  from  politics. 

If  there  were  a  conflict  between  two  or  more  state  educational  in- 
stitutions with  regard  to  the  ground  which  each  should  cover  and  iT 
this  conflict  were  so  sharp  that  it  could  not  be  settled  by  a  conference 
between  the  representatives  of  those  institutions,  the  appointment  of  a 
common  board  for  the  institutions  would  not,  in  my  judgment,  settle 
the  difficulty.  It  would  only  change  the  field  of  conflict.  I  should 
fear  for  the  internal  harmony  and  efficiency  of  a  board  which  had 
such  a  conflict  perpetually  on  its  hands. 

EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONS  OP  MONTANA. 

The  State  Board  of  Education  consists  of  eleven  members.  The 
governor,  state  superintendent  of  public  instruction  and  attorney  gen- 
eral are  ex-officio  members.  The  remaining  eight  are  appointed  by  the 
governor  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate. 

Powers  of  Board. — They  have  the  general  control  and  supervision 
of  the  State  University  and  the  various  state  educational  institutions. 
They  do  not  receive  any  compensation  for  their  services  but  are  al- 
lowed travelling  expenses. 

State  University. — The  University  of  Montana  is  controlled  directly 
by  the  State  Board  of  Education. 

.Other  Educational  Institutions. — The  School  of  Mines,  the  Agri- 
cultural College  and  the  State  Normal  School  have  executive  boards, 
each  composed  of  five  members.  These  boards  have  the  immediate  di- 
rection and  control  of  the  affairs  of  the  institution,  subject  only  to  the 
general  supervision  and  control  of  the  State  Board  of  Education. 

SALARIES. 
Kansas  State  Agricultural  College. 

Ernest    R.    Nichols,    president    $4,000  .  00 

Nineteen  professors,.  .1,650  to  $1,200 — average 1,318.00 

Assistant  professors  and  instructors  receive  from  $600  to..    1,100.00 

The  University  of  Minnesota. 

Dean  of  Agricultural  Department $4,000  .  00 

Dean  of  Engineering  and  Mechanics    3, 000. 00 

Dean  of  School  of  Mines 3,000  .  00 

Salaries  of  the  leading  department  in  the  agricultural  division   2,400.00 
Salaries  of  the  heads  of  the  leading  scientific  departments, 

$2,400   to    2,700.00 

Salaries  paid  to  assistants  and  instructors,  $500  to 1,500.00 

182 


Washington  University. 

"Our  professors  of  civil  engineering,  mechanical  engineering  and 
electrical  engineering  receive  now,  or  will  receive  when  they  have  ad- 
vanced to  the  highest  salary,  $2,750."  The  deans  receive  $500  more 
than  comes  to  the  full  professorship.  "As  a  rule  we  do  not  appoint 
any  man  assistant  professor  until  he  receives  a  salary  of  $1,500.  Gen- 
erally instructors  receive  $1,000."  Some  as  low  as  $600.  (Chancellor 
Chaplin,  11-29-1905.) 

University  of  Michigan. 

Our  salaries  for  professors  run  from  $2,500  to  $3,000.  For  junior 
professors  they  are  $2,000;  for  assistant  professors,  $1,600;  for  in- 
structors, from  $900  to  $1,200  dollars.  The  dean  of  the  literary  de- 
partment has  $300.00  as  dean  and  $3,000  as  professor.  The  dean  of 
the  engineering  department  is  paid  $3,500  for  all  his  services;  the 
dean  of  the  medical  department  $3,000  for  his  professorship  and  dean- 
ship  combined.  The  dean  of  the  homeopathic  medical  college  has  the 
same,  the  dean  of  the  law  department,  $5,000  for  his  professorship  and 
deanship  combined.  We  pay  assistants  all  the  way  from  nothing  up 
to  $500  or  $600. 

I  may  add  that  we  are  feeling  keenly  the  importance  of  raising 
the  whole  scale  of  our  salaries  because  the  stronger  institutions  in 
the  country  are  trying  to  pick  them  off  by  offers  of  much  larger  sal- 
aries than  we  pay.  (President  James  E.  Angell,  Nov.  29,  1905.) 

Michigan  State  Agricultural  College. 

President's  salary,  $5,000  and  house;  regular  salary  of  heads  of 
departments,  $1,000  and  house,  or  $2,000  without  house;  two  excep- 
tions, professor  of  agriculture  receives  $2,200  and  house,  director  of 
station,  $2,000  and  house.  Assistant  professors  receive  $1,200  to 
$1,500,  and  instructors  from  $500  to  $1,000.  We  have  no  deans." 
(President  J.  L.  Snyder,  Nov.  29,  1905.) 

Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology. 

We  do  not  have  deans  for  the  different  courses.     The  salary  of  the 

heads  of  our  engineering  courses  is   $4,000 . 00 

The  average  salary  of  an  associate  professor  is 2,500.00 

The  salary  of  an  assistant  professor  ranges  from  $1,500  to.  .    2000.00 

The  salary  of  instructors  varies  from  $800  to 1,500.  00 

And  that  of  assistants  from  $500  to 600.00 

The  University  of  Kansas. 

The   regular  salary  of   deans  is $2,300 .  00 

Salary  of  full  professors,  $1,800  to  . 2,200 .  00 

Salary  of  associate  professors,  $1,400  to 1,800.00 

Salary  of  assistant  professors,   $1,000   to    1,400.00 

Salary  of  instructors,  $600  to 1,000 . 00 

(Chancellor  Strong,  Dec.   2,   1905.) 

183 


Purdue  University 

Salary  paid  a  full  professor 2,250.  00 

Salary  paid  associate  and  assistant  professors,  $1,400  to.  ...  1,800.00 

Salary  paid  instructors,  $1,000  to 1,400  .  00 

Salary  paid  assistant  instructors,  $500  to 1,000.00 

(President  W.  E.  Stone,  Nov.  29,  1905.) 

Columbia  University. 

At  present,  deans  receive  no  compensation  in  addition  to  their  pro- 
fessional salaries. 

The  heads  of  engineering  departments  receive  $5,000  as  a  rule. 

The  heads  of  the  leading  scientific  departments  receive  $5,000  as 
a  rule. 

Assistants  are  appointed  for  one  year  and  receive  $500;  tutors  are 
appointed  for  one  year  and  receive  a  salary  of  $1,000,  with  an  annual 
increase  of  $100  yearly  with  each  reappointment,  up  to  a  maximum  of 
$1,500.  Instructors  are  appointed  for  one  year  and  receive  a  salary 
of  $1,600,  with  an  annual  increase  of  $100  yearly  with  each  reap- 
pointment, up  to  a  maximum  of  $2,000.  (President  Nicholas  M.  But- 
ler, 12-1-1905.) 

University  of  California. 

No  deans  are  given  salaries  as  such.  The  head  of  our  agricultural 
department,  Professor  Hilgard,  has  received  $4,000;  Professor  Wick- 
son,  the  horticulturalist,  $3,000;  the  other  teachers  in  agriculture  re- 
ceive $2,000  or  somewhat  less;  the  heads  of  engineering  departments 
receive  $3,000  to  $3,300;  heads  of  other  departments  of  the  Uni- 
versity the  same.  There  are  a  few  cases  where  the  salaries  of  pro- 
fessors are  the  same,  and  in  one  or  two  cases  professors  receive  $4,000 
and  $5,000.  Associate  professors  receive  $2,000  and  upwards,  as- 
sistant professors,  $1,400  to  $1,800;  instructors,  $900  to  $1,400,  and 
assistants  $500  to  $600.  (President  Benj.  I.  Wheeler,  12-8-1905.) 

Ohio  State  University. 

The  statutes  of  Ohio  provide  that  no  professor  shall  receive  more 
than  $2,500.  We  hope  to  have  that  limit  repealed  at  the  coming  leg- 
islature. 

We  do  not  pay  our'  deans  any  thing  for  their  services  as  deans. 

In  the  department  of  agriculture  our  salaries  are  just  about  as 
they  are  in  other  departments;  no  special  difference  being  made.  Until 
last  year  the  highest  salary  paid  in  any  department  was  $2,250.  For 
the  current  year  some  of  the  professors  of  long  standing  have  been 
put  up  to  the  limit  of  the  law,  $2,500,  where  it  was  twenty  years 
ago.  It  so  happens  that  our  men  in  the  department  of  agriculture  are 
young  men  and  therefore  are  not  beyond  the  $2,250  point. 

With  reference  to  engineering  departments  the  same  principle 
holds.  The  dean  of  the  college  of  engineering,  who  is  professor  of 
ceramics,  the  professor  of  mechanical  engineering,  the  professor  of 

184 


•mathematics,  and  some  others  receive  $2,500  this  year.  It  happens 
that  the  head  of  the  department  of  electrical  engineering  and  one  or 
two  others  are  young  men  and  have  not  therefore  come  up  to  the 
highest  salary  paid. 

The  leading  scientific  departments  might  be  mentioned  as  physics, 
chemistry,  zoology,  physiology,  botany,  and  these  all  receive  $2,500, 
the  heads  of  these  departments  being  men  of  long  standing  in  the 
University.  The  other  scientific  departments  have  younger  men  at 
their  heads  who  will  eventually  be  promoted.  So  far  as  I  can  see 
there  is  no  distinction  in  this  University  between  engineering,  agricul- 
ture, science,  and  other  departments. 

In  the  matter  of  assistants.  We  have  some  men  to  whom  we  have 
given  the  rank  of  professor  within  a  department,  not  heads  of  depart- 
ments, who  are  receiving  $2,000;  others  are  receiving  $1,800.  These 
men  will  eventually  be  given  some  increase,  a  little  at  a  time,  until 
they  come  within  two  or  three  hundred  dollars  of  the  amount  paid  the 
head  of  the  department.  Associate  professors  are  paid  from  $1,500 
to  $1,800.  Assistant  professors  are  paid  from  $1,200  to  $1,800.  In- 
structors are  paid  from  $900  to  $1,200.  Laboratory  assistants  are 
^paid  from  $500  to  $800.  (President  W.  O.  Thompson,  12-19-'05.) 

• 
State  University — Salaries. 

(See an  excellent  article  written  by  Foulk  and  Earhart  In  the  Sep- 
tember number  of  the  Popular  Science  Monthly.) 

Per  Diem  and  Mileage  of  Trustees  of  Agricultural  College  for  the 
year  ending  June  30,  1905: 

Name.                                    Per  Diem.  Mileage.  Total. 

J.H.Wilson $116.00  $202.40  $318.40 

G.  S.  Allyn    56.00  77.40  133.40 

W.  K.  Boardman    44.00  9.00  53.00 

W.  O.  McElroy 84.00  84.90  168.90 

W.  R.  Moninger  , 120.00  135.85  255.85 

Vincent  Zmat 112.00  252.30  364.30 

J.  B.  Hungerford 200.00  295.00  495.00 

Ellison    Orr     120.00  330.00  450.00 

John   P.    Riggs    32.00  27.30  59.30 

E.    A.    Alexander    68.00  51.20  119.20 

H.    M.    Letts    152.00  356.20  508.20 

W.  J.   Dixon    .                            .    244.00  500.20  744.20 


$1,348.00  $2,321.75  $3,669.75 

Per  diem  and  Mileage  or  regents  of  State  University  for  the  year 
ending  June  30,  1905. 

Name.                                     Per  Diem.  Mileage.  Total. 

Johns  F.  Riggs $40.00  $46.00  $86.00 

J.  W.  Lauder    .  .  ., 48.00  61.50  109.50 

Carroll  Wright 96.00  86.00  182.00 

V.    L.    Traynor    68.00  132.00  200.00 

185 


A.   Abernathy    96.00  120.00  216.00 

W.  I.   Babb    168.00  189.00  357.00 

J.   R.   Lane    .' 36.00  22.00  58.00 

P.   H.   Holbrook    144.00  325.80  469.80 

T.  B.  Hanley 44.00  19.60  63.60 

W.  D.  Tisdale 104.00  84.60  188.60 

J.  H.  Allen    140.00  175.60  315.60 

C.  E.  Pickett  .         16.00  8.60  24.60 


$1,000.00  $1,271.20  $2,271.20 

Per  diem  and  mileage  of  trustees  of  Iowa  State  Normal  School  for 
year  ending  June  30,  1905: 

Name.  Per  Diem.  Mileage.  Total. 

I.  J.  McDuffie  $140.00  $183.60  $323.60 

W.  A.  Mclntire 88.00  107.80  195.80 

Roger  Leavitt  72.00  1.60  73.60 

J.  F.  Riggs 40.00  43.60  83.60 

E.  H.  Griffin 112.00  133.00  245.00 

B.  F.  Osborne  .  104.00  84.00  188.00 


$556.00  $553.60  $1,109.60 

A.  Grundy,  secretary $104.80  104.80 


$1,214.40 


186 


3>  cd  a 

TOTAL  ENROLLMENT  OF  STUDENTS  FOR  YEARS  189c-1896,  TO  1904-1905,  INCLUSIVE. 

1111 

TEACHERS  SALARIES  PER  STUDENT  FOR  YEARS  1895-1896  TO  1904-1905,  1INCLU8IVE. 

i 

pi 

to  oo 
oot- 

O  CO 

*-H                             oo't^cT     *O                              on* 

oo                  g    o,    W5           a       ^ 

Total  of  salaries  paid  employees  for  the  year  1905  ~$95  746  72 

Total  of  salaries  per  student  for  theyear!905  j~  \QQ  47 

The  last  estimate  is  based  on  the  average  attendance,  for  the  reason,  that  the  enrollment  shows  many  one-term  students. 

3332 

i 

as 

State  University—  Total  amount  expended  in  salaries  of  administrative  and  instructional  staff  for  year  1905 
Total  amount  expended  in  salaries  for  other  employees  for  the  year  1905 

I 

7RE  AND  MECHANIC  ARTS, 
j  of  expenditure  

enditures  made  on  account  of  students  taking  the  short  courses  ar 
FORMAL  SCHOOL. 

$  8MB6.W6 
103.228.28 
67,540.00 

SSSI 

i 

|ss 

iHS 

SSSs 

i 

a; 

ill 

s'ss 

liil 

i 

a; 

§§58 

in  cod 
looooc 

*li§ 

I 

35 

il 

BBS 

ill 

3  51.U5U.OUl 
47,093.33 
87,950  OOl 

-!! 

i 

00?  03 

Total  of  salaries  paid  employees  for  year  1905  
Total  enrollment  for  the  year  1905  ,  

Total  of  salaries  per  student  for  said  year  

COLLEGE  OP  AGRICULTl 

Total  of  salaries  paid  teachers  for  the  year  1905  
Secretary  and  stenographer,  for  President's  office  and  certain  other  itemi 
Total  of  Salaries  paid  emplo  yees  other  than  teachers  

Total  of  salaries  paid  employees  for  the  year  1905.  .  . 

Total  of  salaries  per  student  for  said  year.  .  . 
In  making  the  foregoing  estimate,  the  income  from  the  farm  and  exp 

IOWA  STATE  ] 
Total  of  salaries  paid  teachers  for  the  year  1905 

I 

«n 

s 

m 

§§s 
gsg 

-QOO  OS  CD 

sssg 

i 

3535 

State  University—  College  of  Liberal  Arts.  .. 
College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts.  .  . 
lowaritate  Normal  School  

State  University—  College  of  Liberal  Arts  
College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts.... 
Iowa  State  Normal  School  
Same—  Average  Attendance  

State  University,  College  of  Liberal  Arts  ..  . 
College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts.... 
Normal  School  based  on  average  attendance 

187 


IN  CONCLUSION. 

We  have  endeavored  in  the  foregoing  pages,  to  place  before  this 
legislative  body  a  statement  of  both  the  law  and  the  facts,  showing  the 
organization  of  our  educational  institutions,  how  they  are  governed,  the 
methods  employed  in  determining  their  educational  and  financial  pol- 
icies, the  agencies  employed  in  carrying  out  these  policies  and  the 
efficiency  of  such  agencies.  We  have  undertaken  to  set  forth,  briefly, 
a  like  statement  touching  the  management  of  the  educational  institu- 
tions in  many  of  our  sister  states.  Statistical  tables  have  been  pre- 
pared showing  salaries  paid  teachers  and  other  employees  in  the  sev- 
eral institutions  of  our  state  for  the  years  1895-1896  to  1904-1905, 
inclusive.  Salaries  of  teachers  per  student,  current  expenses  and  other 
items  of  expenditure  are  shown  in  these  tables.  Opinion  evidence,  given 
hy  heads  of  educational  institutions,  in  this  and  other  states,  is  set 
forth  at  some  length  under  appropriate  headings.  Presidents  North- 
rop, Holgate,  Van  Hise,  Droppers,  Andrews,  Bryan  and  other  prom- 
inent educators  have  given  an  expression  of  their  views  touching  the 
proposed  board  of  control  and  kindred  questions.  The  student  will 
find  in  the  evidence  submitted  material  upon  which  to  base  an  argu- 
ment for  or  against  a  common  board  of  education. 

Many  of  the  findings  of  the  committee  are  set  out  in  the  foregoing 
pages  and  need  not  be  repeated  here. 

Duplication  of  Work — Normal  School. — The  Normal  School  at 
Cedar  Palls,  was  created  "for  the  special  instruction  and  training  of 
teachers  in  the  common  schools."  The  statute  authorizing  its  organi- 
zation has  never  been  amended.  Contrary  to  the  spirit  and  intent  of 
the  law  the  Normal  School  now  undertakes  to  prepare  teachers  for  the 
higher  grades  of  work  in  public  schools  and  offers  a  four  year  course. 
Persons  completing  this  course  are  entitled  to  the  degree,  "Bachelor 
of  Arts  in  Education."  "This  diploma  is  the  highest  scholastic  honor 
conferred  by  the  board  of  trustees.  It  corresponds  in  grade  of  excel- 
lence and  in  extent  of  scholarship  to  a  similar  degree  commonly  granted 
by  colleges  and  universities,  and  it  has  in  addition  a  definite  amount 
of  technical  instruction  and  training  in  the  science  and  practice  of 
teaching.  It  is  conferred  for  the  completion  of  four  year's  work,  all 
of  which  must  beyond  the  education  and  training  given  by  a  fully  ac- 
credited high  school."  (June  Bulletin,  49-50.)  A  student  showing 
himself  qualified  to  enter  the  freshman  year  of  this  course  is  entitled 
to  be  admitted  as  a  freshman  to  any  of  the  four  year  courses  offered 
by  the  State  University  or  the  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic 
Arts.  Greek  language  and  literature,  Latin,  German,  psychology,  ad- 
vanced physics  and  chemistry,  analytical  geometry,  trigomometry,  dif- 
ferential and  integral  calcus,  surveying,  astronomy,  taxidermy,  ad- 
vanced elocution,  argumentation,  repertoire,  dramatic  work  and  ora- 
tory are  taught  in  this  institution,  organized  for  the  express  purpose 
of  preparing  teachers  to  teach  in  the  common  schools.  Much  of  this 
work  is  being  duplicated  in  each  of  the  other  educational  institutions 
of  our  state  and  all  of  it  is  being  duplicated  in  one  or  the  other  of  said 
institutions. 

188 


A  study  of  the  statistical  tables  presented  herewith,  develops  the  fact 
that  teacher's  salaries  have  advanced  from  $27,300,  in  the  year  1895- 
1896  to  $78,588.33  in  the  year  1904-1905.  The  salaries  of  employees 
other  than  teachers  have  advanced,  during  said  time,  from  $3,665.47 
to  $17,158.37.  The  same  tables  show  that  the  average  attendance  of 
students,  including  persons  enrolled  in  the  preparatory  department,  in, 
the  first  of  said  years  was  796  and  in  the  year  1904-1905  was  953. 
With  an  increased  attendance  of  157  students,  there  has  been  added 
to  the  salaries  paid  ten  years  ago  the  sum  of  $64,481.23.  The  total 
of  salaries  per  student  in  the  first  of  said  years  amounted  to  $38.90 
and  in  the  last  year  to  $100.47.  The  highest  enrollment  and  the  high- 
est average  attendance  was  reached  in  the  year  1900.  The  average 
attendance  that  year  was  1,076.  Such  attendance  in  the  year  of  1904- 
1905  was  953.  With  a  decreased  attendance  of  123  students  the 
salaries  have  advanced  from  $51,300.17  in  the  year  1900  to  $95,746.70 
in  the  year  1905.  The  teachers  in  Latin,  in  the  year  1905,  received 
a  salary  in  excess  of  that  paid  to  the  Latin  teachers  at  the  State  Uni- 
versity. The  amount  paid  professors  and  instructors  in  the  college  of 
liberal  arts  at  the  State  University,  in  its  various  courses,  in  the  year 
1904-1905,  is  only  $8,781.20  in  excess  of  salaries  paid  to  teachers  at 
the  State  Normal  School.  From  the  June  Bulletin  of  the  State  Normal 
School,  we  take  the  following:  "The  following  statements  explain  the 
full  requirements  for  the  several  diplomas  given  by  the  State  Normal 
School : 

(1.)  Bachelor  of  Arts  in  Education. — Four  years  of  work  beyond 
the  secondary  school,  covering  a  requirement  of  forty-eight  term 
credits. 

(2.)  Master  of  Didactics;  Director  of  Music;  Physical  Training, 
Etc. 

a.  Four  years  of  work  beyond  the  standard  of  a  two  year  county 
certificate,  covering  a  requirement  of  forty-eight  term  credits. 

b.  Three  years  of  work  beyond  the  graduation  of  a  high  school, 
covering  a  period  of  thirty-six  term  credits. 

(3.)  Bachelor  of  Didactics,  Teacher  of  Physical  Training,  Manual 
Training,  Music,  Etc. 

a.  Three  years  of  work  beyond  the  standard  of  a  two  year  county 
certificate,  covering  a  requirement  of  thirty-six  term  credits. 

b.  Two  years  of  work  beyond  the  graduation  from  a  high  school, 
covering  a  requirement  of  twenty-four  term  credits." 

To  the  members  of  this  committee  it  seems  plain,  that  we  have  in 
the  State  Normal  School  a  miniature  university,  where  a  large  part  of 
the  work  is  a  duplication  of  that  done  at  Iowa  City. 

Same — State  University — Agricultural  College. — Between  the  State 
University  and  the  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts  there  is 
a  considerable  duplication  of  work.  Some  of  this  duplication  is  nec- 
essary and  some  is  unnecessary.  Under  the  present  system  the  tend- 
ency is  to  increase  the  amount  of  duplicated  work.  No  good  reason 
can  be  given  in  support  of  further  unnecessary  duplication  of  work  at 
these  two  institutions.  The  governing  boards  and  the  presidents  and 


faculties  of  each  of  our  educational  institutions  press  their  respective 
claims  upon  the  legislature  without  regard  to  the  needs  of  the  other 
institutions.  A  spirit  of  rivalry  is  engendered  that  is,  in  many  re- 
spects, detrimental  to  the  educational  interests  of  the  state. 

The  Twenty-ninth  General  Assembly  let  down  the  bars  and  levied 
a  special  millage  tax  upon  the  taxable  property  of  the  state,  for  the 
purpose  of  providing  for  the  erection,  repair,  improvement  and  equip- 
ment of  buildings  at  each  of  the  educational  institutions.  Power  was 
thus  given  to  the  respective  boards  of  the  several  institutions  to  erect 
such  buildings,  as  might  be  determined  upon  by  them.  At  the  time, 
a  law  written  into  the  Code  by  the  Twenty-seventh  General  Assembly, 
and  which  has  not  been  amended  or  repealed,  provided,  that  when  any 
one  of  the  three  educational  institutions  "shall  ask  appropriations  for 
any  buildings  or  betterments,  said  institution  or  institutions  shall  first 
have  prepared  by  the  architect  provided  for  in  this  act  estimates  of  the 
cost,  plans  and  specifications  of  said  buildings  or  betterments,  and  sub- 
mit the  same  to  the  following  General  Assembly."  The  thought  of  the 
law-makers  of  the  Twenty-seventh  General  Assembly  was  to  provide 
a  way  by  which  the  members  of  each  succeeding  legislature  might  be 
advised  as  to  the  needs  of  the  educational  institutions  so  far  as  they 
related  to  the  matter  of  buildings  and  betterments.  An  architect  was 
provided  for,  whose  duties  required  of  him  that  he  should  furnish 
plans  and  specifications  and  make  estimates  of  the  cost.  The  order  of 
things,  in  part  has  been  reversed.  The  tax  now  is  first  collected  and 
the  respective  boards  then  proceed  to  erect  buildings  employing  such 
architect  or  architects  as  to  them  may  seem  best.  The  sum  of  $30,- 
640.37  has  been  paid  by  these  institutions  to  architects  for  the  five 
years  ending  June  30,  1905.  A  detailed  statement  of  the  amounts 
paid,  to  whom  paid  and  when  paid  will  be  found  in  the  foregoing 
pages. 

Duplication  of  Work — High  Schools. — Between  the  state  institu- 
tions for  higher  learning  and  the  high  schools  there  is  a  considerable 
amount  of  duplication  of  work.  Graduates  of  the  180  accredited  high 
schools  are  admitted  to  the  freshman  year  in  any  of  the  four  year 
courses  offered  by  any  of  the  institutions.  The  College  of  Agriculture 
and  Mechanic  Arts  offers  an  academic  course,  introductory  to  the  var- 
ious regular  courses,  and  "graduates  of  small  high  schools  who  have 
had  two  or  three  years  of  high  school  work"  are  admitted  to  review 
or  regular  work  in  the  academic  classes.  In  the  school  year  1904-5, 
291  students  were  enrolled  in  thjs  preparatory  department. 

The  board  of  regents  at  the  State  University  recently  made  pro- 
vision for  the  admission  of  graduates  from  three  year  high  schools, 
as  irregular  or  unclassified  students. 

Students,  except  those  able  to  pass  the  required  examinations  to 
enter  the  freshman  class,  should  not  be  admitted  to  either  of  the  two 
institutions  last  named  without  first  having  graduated  from  one  of 
the  accredited  schools. 

The  people  of  the  state  should  not  be  taxed  twice  to  do  the  same 
kind  of  work. 

190 


The  University  and  the  College  of  Agriculture  should  not  be  allowed 
to  enter  into  competition  for  students  who  ought  to  study  in  their 
high  schools  until  they  have  finished  their  course,  in  view  of  the  fact 
that  we  have  practically  an  average  of  two  of  such  accredited  schools 
in  every  county  of  the  state. 

Government. — A  study  of  the  laws  of  the  several  states  touching 
'  the  management  of  educational  institutions,  develops  the  fact  that 
boards  of  education  are  given  general  power  to  do  any  and  everything 
necessary  to  carry  out  the  purposes  for  which  such  institutions  are 
organized.  They  administer  the  funds  appropriated  by  the  legislature, 
and  in  all  respects  are  the  supreme  authority.  In  most,  if  not  all  of 
the  states,  except  South  Dakota,  members  of  boards  act  without  com- 
pensation, further  than  an  allowance  for  actual  expenses.  In  some 
states,  as  in  this,  a  small  per  diem  is  allowed,  and  additional,  mileage 
at  the  rate  of  three  to  twenty  cents  per  mile. 

In  South  Dakota  the  management  of  the  educational  institutions  is 
vested  in  a  board  of  five  regents,  each  of  whom  receives  a  salary  of 
$1,000  a  year  and  expenses.  With  the  exception  of  South  Dakota  and 
Montana,  the  management  of  the  several  institutions  is  vested  in  sep- 
arate boards.  In  no  one  of  the  states  is  found  a  common  board  of  edu- 
cation, the  members  of  which  are  required  to  give  their  entire  time 
and  attention  to  the  management  of  its  educational  institutions. 

Board  of  Control. — The  proposition  to  create  a  small  and  salaried 
board  of  control  is  a  new  one.  To  place  general  and  unlimited  power 
with  such  a  body  would  be  a  dangerous  experiment.  From  the  very 
nature  of  the  case  its  appointees  would  have  to  be  selected  by  the 
people  or  named  by  some  person  or  persons.  Under  either  method  of 
appointment,  the  salaries  that  must  necessarily  be  paid  to  men  for  as- 
suming such  responsible  positions  would  invite  place-hunters  and  men 
incompetent  by  reason  of  lack  of  education  and  experience  in  educa- 
tional work,  to  creditably  perform  the  duties  assigned  them.  The 
tendency  would  be  to  place  on  such  a  board,  politicians  rather  than 
educators  and  men  of  first  class  business  qualifications.  The  tendency 
would  be  to  lose  sight  of  the  educational  side  of  the  work,  in  an  effort 
to  make  a  favorable  showing  on  the  financial  side.  However,  the  man- 
agement of  the  finances  of  our  several  institutions  may  be  improved 
upon.  Without  going  into  details,  an  examination  of  the  evidence  sub- 
mitted will  convince  the  enquirer  that  there  is  room  for  improvement 
along  this  line. 

There  is  also  room  for  improvement  in  the  educational  work  that 
is  being  done  at  the  several  institutions.  What  we  desire,  and  what 
the  people  demand  is,  that  every  dollar  appropriated  for  our  educa- 
tional institutions  shall  be  so  employed  as  to  get  the  very  best  results. 

Employees  of  the  state,  heads  of  departments  or  day  laborers, 
should  be  required  to  give  their  time  to  the  work  that  they  are  em- 
ployed to  do,  and  no  employee  of  any  of  the  institutions  should  be  called 
upon  to  perform  more  than  he  is  able  to  do.  Under  the  present  sys- 
tem, too  many  opportunities  are  given  to  idle  and  fritter  away  time. 

191 


A  scheme  should  be  devised  that  will  give  to  the  state  good  and  effi- 
cient service  on  the  part  of  each  and  all  of  its  employees. 

There  should  be  uniformity  in  the  methods  employed  to  get  the  best 
results. 

There  should  be  less  duplication  of  work  at  the  several  institu- 
tions. 

One  high  school  inspector  is  all  that  is  required  to  gather  data 
touching  the  management  and  efficiency  of  our  secondary  schools. 

Greater  care  should  be  exercised,  at  one  or  more  of  the  institutions, 
in  the  matter  of  purchase  of  supplies  and  in  the  letting  of  contracts 
for  buildings  and  other  improvements. 

There  should  be  more  uniformity  in  the  tuition  and  other  fees 
charged  the  students  at  the  several  institutions. 

The  problem  is  how  to  bring  about  harmony  of  action  and  uni- 
formity of  methods  at  our  educational  institutions;  how  to  prevent 
waste  and  how  to  get  the  best  results,  allowing  only  such  duplication 
in  the  work  as  is  necessary  to  make  each  a  first  class  institution.  To 
bring  about  this  condition  of  affairs  there  must  be  a  change  in  the 
management.  A  system  should  be  devised,  that  will  remove  from 
politics,  as  far  as  possible,  the  administration  of  our  educational  insti- 
tutions and  at  the  same  time,  secure  to  the  state  good  and  efficient 
business  management. 

Board  of  Regents. — President  Holgate  has  well  said — "Whether  a 
board  of  trustees  should  be  large  or  small  depends  entirely  upon  how 
it  is  chosen  and  what  its  functions  are."  A  board  called  upon  to  make 
rules  and  regulations  respecting  the  management  of  educational  insti- 
tutions, to  approve  or  disapprove  educational  policies  as  suggested  by 
presidents  and  faculties  should  be  large  enough  to  be  thoroughly  rep- 
resentative. 

Its  members  should  be  broad  minded  men,  who  are  willing  to  serve 
the  state  without  pay  and  who  will  act  from  a  pure  sense  of  duty,  hav- 
ing in  mind  the  educational  interests  of  the  state  they  are  called  upon 
to  serve.  To  the  presidents  and  faculties  of  the  several  institutions, 
properly  belongs  the  duty  of  initiating  courses  of  study.  A  board  of 
the  kind  and  character  suggested  would  never  think  of  arrogating  to 
itself  such  work.  It  would  be  competent  to  pass  judgment  upon  any 
policy  proposed,  and  would  be  in  a  position  to  give  to  the  needs  of 
each  of  our  institutions  the  consideration  they  should  have. 

Such  a  board,  required  to  meet  four  times  a  year,  and  to  make  a 
study  of  the  needs  and  conditions  at  each  of  the  educational  institu- 
tions, possessed  of  such  information  as  it  may  obtain  from  the 
several  presidents  and  faculties,  and  supplemented  with  such  informa- 
tion as  may  be  furnished  to  it  by  an  executive  committee  employed 
to  give  its  entire  time  and  energy  to  the  cause  of  education  and  the 
administering  of  the  finances  of  the  several  institutions,  under  such 
limitations  and  restrictions  as  may  be  placed  upon  it  by  the  legisla- 
ture and  the  rules  and  regulations  of  such  board,  will  be  able  to  make 
to  the  taxpayer,  and  to  the  legislature,  recommendations  having  the  same 

192 


authority  and  value  as  those  made  by  the  present  board  of  control  of 
state  institutions. 

The  government  of.  educational  institutions  should  be  and  remain 
in  the  faculties  for  the  purposes  of  discipline  and  for  purposes  of 
educational  policies.  The  presidents  and  faculties  may,  as  a  rule,  be 
relied  upon  to  recommend  only  such  policies  as  will  best  subserve 
the  cause  of  education.  The  policies  should  become  effective,  only, 
after  approval  by  the  board. 

We  therefore  recommend,  for  the  favorable  consideration  of  this  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  the  creation  of  a  board  of  regents  for  the  three  state  edu- 
cational institutions.  That  it  may  be  thoroughly  representative,  we  sug- 
gest that  it  should  be  made  up  of  fifteen  members.  The  powers  vested 
in  the  board  should  be  such  as  are  generally  conferred  upon  like 
bodies.  Its  members  should  be  appointed  by  the  governor  by  and  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate,  and  should  hold  office  for  six 
years.  The  original  members  should  be  appointed  for  terms  of  two, 
four  and  six  years. 

One  of  the  weaknesses  of  the  .present  system  is  the  failure,  in  many 
cases,  to  get  value  received  for  appropriations  made.  We  therefore^ 
recommend  that  power  be  given  to  such  proposed  board  of  regents  to 
appoint  an  executive  committee  from  outside  its  membership,  to  per- 
form the  duties  now  required  by  law  of  the  treasurer  of  the  State  Uni- 
versity, the  financial  agent  of  the  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic 
Arts,  and  the  executive  committee  of  the  board  of  regents  of  the  State 
University,  and  such  other-  duties  as  may  be  required  by  law  or  by  the 
board  of  regents. 

The  members  of  this  committee  should  receive  a  salary  of  not  less 
than  three  thousand  dollars  a  year  and  they  should  be  required  to 
frequently  visit,  and  keep  a  duplicate  set  of  books  and  accounts  with,* 
each  institution  and  to  make  a  detailed  report  in  writing  of  their 
Vork,  with  recommendations,  at  each  meeting  of  the  board  of  regents. 
The  members  of  this  committee,  as  in  the  case  of  the  presidents  and 
other  employees  of  our  educational  institutions,  should  be  elected  sub- 
ject to  removal  at  the  pleasure  of  the  board.  No  powers  of  a  legisla- 
tive or  judicial  character  should  be  given  to  this  committee.  The 
work  required  of  it  should  in  all  respects  be  subject  to  the  direction, 
examination  and  approval  of  the  board  of  regents. 

W.  P.  WHIPPLE, 
DAN  TURNER, 
THOMAS   LAMBERT, 
R.    M.   WRIGHT, 
R.  C.  LANGAN, 
LORENZO  D.  TETER. 


193 

14 


DBS  MOINKS,  IOWA,  JAN.  31,  1906. 

The  following  letter  and  tables  are  added  to  report,  in  accordance  with 
the  request  made  by  President  Storms. 

COMMITTEE. 

January  30,  1906. 
MY  DEAR  SENATOR  WHIPPLE:— 

The  exhibit  sent  you  Sept,  12th  was  prepared  under  the  following 
supposition,  that  your  committee  desired  some  general  information  as  to  the 
range  of  salaries  at  this  institution,  covering  a  period  of  the  ten  years  past. 
No  attempt  was  made  to  discriminate  between  educational  work,  station 
work  or  administration;  neither  was  any  attempt  made  to  give  the  exact 
figures  for  partial  years  of  service  but  simply  the  salary  basis  was  stated  in 
most  cases  at  the  maximum,  for  the  full  year,  so  as  to  show  the  amount  of 
individual  salaries  paid.  Some  errors,  moreover,  appear  in  this  exhibit  as 
prepared  by  the  assistant  employed  for  that  purpose.  The  figures  published 
by  the  committee  in  Its  report  are  conceded  to  be  those  furnished  to  it  by 
the  college. 

Learning  since  that  you  wished  to  discriminate  as  to  the  expenses  of 
the  institution  for  its  educational  work,  we  would  respectfully  ask  the  sub- 
stitution or  addition  of  the  following  exhibits,  showing  the  amounts  paid  the 
instruction  force  in  educational  departments  and  including  a  summary  show- 
ing the  cost  of  such  instruction  for  each  department.  In  these  last  exhibits 
the  year  1896,  etc.,  is  considered  to  cover  the  fiscal  year  beginning  July  1, 
1895,  and  closing  June  30,  1896.  In  the  previous  exhibit,  as  submitted,  the 
year  1896  was  considered  to  cover  the  period  from  July  1,  1896,  to  June  30, 
1897. 

You  will  find  also  appended  to  the  exhibit  now  submitted  an  ac- 
count of  partial  salaries  paid  from  the  Engineering  Experiment  Station  fund, 
|rom  the  repairs,  improvement  and  room  rent  fund,  and  the  net  cost  per 
student  for  instruction  work  proper. 

In  exhibit  B  is  shown  the  salaries  of  the  administrative  officers,  in- 
cluding the  librarian  and  assistants, and  in  exhibit  C  the  amount  of  the  state 
and  national  funds  paid  out  on  account  of  current  expenses  and  equipment 
-of  the  different  educational  departments.  Exhibit  D  shows  the  general  ex- 
penses of  the  College,  aside  from  the  exhibits  already  made.  In  addition  you 
will  find  a  statement  of  the  salaries  for  stenographers,  clerical  help,  etc,  and 
for  help  in  the  departments  in  preparation  of  material,  in  making  and  caring 
for  apparatus,  etc. ,  and  for  labor  connected  with  heating,  lighting  and  jan- 
itor service  and  the  care  of  the  grounds.  Appended  is  also  a  statement  of 
the  Experiment  Station  funds,  covering  a  period  of  ten  years;  giving  the 
salaries  of  the  station  staff  and  assistants  and  for  the  expenses  of  the  various 
sections  of  the  Experiment  Station. 

These  exhibits,  as  prepared  by  Secretary  Stanton,  we  believe  to  be 
accurate  and  complete  as  covering  all  points  in  your  inquiry  and  for  the 
purposes  vou  have  in  mind. 

Very  sincerely, 

A.  B.  STORMS. 
HON.   W.  P.   WHIPPLE, 

Des  Moines,  Iowa. 


194 


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INDEX. 

Comparative  Tables 187 

Findings  of  Committee 188-193 

Government: 

State  University  •                 1,19 

Iowa  State  College  of  Agriculture 

Iowa  State  Normal  School 138 

University  of  Minnesota 166 

Educational  institutions  of  South  Dakota 162 

Northwestern  University 165 

University  of  Wisconsin 173 

University  of  Nebraska 177 

University  of  Michigan 179 

Indiana  University 180 

Educational  institutions  of  South  Dakota  182 

In  Alabama  and  thirty  other  states 42-46 

Iowa  State  College  of  Agriculture. 

Board  of  trustees— Powers 81 

Auditing  committee 82 

Secretary— duties  of 83-84 

Treasurer •• 84 

System  of  bookkeeping 8'5 

System  of  collection 87 

Department  appropriations 88 

Department  accounts 90 

Repair  accounts 91 

Committees  of  board  91 

Purchase  of  supplies 92-93 

Financial  agent ...  98-94 

Loans,  .lands,  interest 94-95 

Value  of  college  buildings  and  equipment 96-98 

College  endowment '. .  98 

Sales  of  departments 98 

Method  of  accounting  99 

Tuition,   admission 101 

Janitor's  fees 101 

Resources     101-102 

Erection  of  buildings  102-107 

Architect* 102-107 

Educational  work 103-110 

High  school  inspector 110 

Work  of  instructors 112-121 

Statistical  tables 123-128 

President's  office— expenses 127 

Salaries  of  Employees  127-129 

Employees  in  Secretary's  office  129 

Other  employees 129-138 

Enrollment           130-134 

Expansion  of  courses  of  study 131 

Additional  tables 

Iowa  State  Normal  School  138 

Government,  board  of  trustees  138 

Auditing  of  bills 189 

Purchase  of  supplies  140 

Method  of  building  140-142 

Superintendent  of  buildings  and  grounds 142-144 

Responsibility  of  management 144 

Teachers — time  employed 144 

Architects 144 

Tuition  and  other  fees 145 

Expansion  in  the  last  aix  years .'  145 

Statistical  tables        148-156 

Iowa  State  University: 

Government,  Board  of  Regents,  Powers g 

Secretary,   Reports 4 

University  Funds         5 

Income,  Appropriations  g 

Permanent.Endowment  Fund 7 

Buildings.  Superintendent  of 9 

Hall  of  Liberal  Arts,  Science  Building 10-12 

Buildings  and  Bids,  acceptance  of    12-18 

Supplies,  Appropriations  to  Departments ".  14 

Check  on  Officers 14 

Tuition 15_17 

Educational  Policies,  Courses  of  Study 20 

Professor  and  Assistants,  Hours  of 'Service 21-83 

Salaries 84-38 

High  School  Inspector        gg 

Graduate  Work gg 

Expansion  in  Last  Five  Years 39 

Board  of  Control .'.'  41 

Tabulation  of  Methods  of  Administering  in  Thirty  States  . .  42 

Par  Roll  and  Statistical  Table '.'.'..  47_81 

Indiana  University 180-181 

107 


University  of  Michigan : 

Government,   Colleges,   Enrollment,   Tuition,  Receipts  and  Disbursements, 

Salaries,  Letter  from  President  Angell 179-180 

University  of  Minnesota. 

Government 186 

Board  of  control 150 

Present  powers  of  the  board  of  control 157 

History  of  the  board  of  control  of  legislation 157 

Small  educational  board  of  control 158 

Large  vs.  small  small  boards 159 

Current  expenses 160 

Number  of  colleges  and  schools 160 

The  graduate  department 161 

Tuition  and  salaries 161 

Governor  and  president,  members  of  board 161 

Appointment  of  regents  by. the  ^governor 161 

Plans  for  buildings 162 

Montana,  Educational  Institution  of  182 

University  of  Nebraska. 

Government 177 

Board  of  regents— powers;and  compensation 177 

Colleges  and  schools ; 177-178 

Accredited  schools,    enrollment 178 

Salaried  boards 178 

Sources  and  amount  of  income 178 

Salaries  paid  instructors  etc 178 

Duplication— time  employed  by  instructors 179 

Northwestern  University. 

Colleges  and  schools 165 

Government . .  •       166 

Salaries       167 

.Time  employed  by  instructor 167 

Purchase  of  supplles:and  material! 168 

Enrollment 16S 

Tuition  and  ether  fees 169 

Per  capita  cost        169 

Sources  and  amount  of  income 169 

Small  vs.  large  boards 169 

Educational  policies —  Sow  determined 170 

Financial  policies— How  planned  and  carried  out 170 

The  Iowa  situation 170-173 

Per  diem  and  mileage  of  |regents  and  trustees 185-186 

Salaries : 

State  University  of  Iowa 34-36.  48-83 

Iowa  College  of  Agriculture 122-124 

Iowa  State  Normal;.8chool 148-153 

University  of  Minnesota    165-182 

Northwestern  University 167 

University  of  Wisconsin 175 

University  of  Nebraska 178 

Kansas  State  Agricultural  College ,  182 

Washington  University 183 

University  of  Michigan 183 

Michigan  State  Agricultural  College 183 

•     Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology 183 

University  of  Kansas 183 

Purdue  University    , 184 

Columbia  University 184 

University  of  California 184 

Ohio  State  University 184 

State  Universities 185 

South  Dakota,  Educational  Institutions  of 162 

Board  of  Control 162 

Powers  of  Board, 'Compensation,  Meetings    162 

Strength  and  Weakness  of  the  System 162-165 

Salaries        165 

University  of  Wisconsin. 

Government ITS 

Board  of  regents— Powers 173 

Colleges  and  departments 1T3 

Courses  of  study  and  schools 173 

Large  vs.  small  boards 173 

Boards  of  regents— compensation 174 

President,  a  member  of  the  board 174 

Small  boards 174 

Paid  vs .  non-paid  board 174 

Educational  and  financial  policies 174 

Superintendent  of  buildings — architect  . .    174 

Duplication  of  work— University  and  Agriculture  college 174 

Purchases,  needs,   control,   receipts   and  disbursements,   salaries,  janitors 

and  labor 175 

Salaries , 176 

Enrollment,  tuition 177 

208 


36057 


